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初中英语形容词、副词(教师用)

初中英语形容词、副词(教师用)
初中英语形容词、副词(教师用)

初中英语分类练习

——形容词、副词部分

【复习目标】

▲明确形容词和副词的用法及其相互转换形式。

▲掌握常用形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成方法。

▲掌握少数形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的不规则变化。

▲掌握形容词和副词的比较等级用法。

【知识要点】

(一)形容词和副词的用法:

形容词的用法:

形容词是指用来修饰、说明名词或不定代词,表示人或物的性质、特征和状态。一般放在它所修饰的名词前作定语,也可独立作表语或宾语补足语等。

i. 作定语:

This is an interesting story. Kitty is a clever cat.

ii. 作表语:

Yao Ming is very tall. Our classroom is big and bright.

iii. 作宾语补足语:

Don't make your hands dirty. We're trying to make our school beautiful.

注意:

a. 有些形容词只能作表语。如:alone, afraid, asleep等。

如:That old man feels alone because his children are out. I'm afraid he can't come.

b. 形容词与不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything等连用时,要放在这些词后面。如:There is something wrong with my DVD machine. It's nothing serious.

c. 某些形容词可以和定冠词连用,表示一类人或事物,其作用相当于一个名词。

如:the young(年轻人),the poor(穷人), the rich(富人)

d. 如果有两个以上的形容词修饰同一个名词时,其前后排列顺序一般如下:

限定词(a/the, this/some/her……)+数量词(先序数词后基数词)+观点+大小+形状+新旧+颜色+产地+材料+名词。

如:a big old German computer

2.副词的用法:

副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子,有时也能修饰名词,表示时间、地点、方式、程度、动作、频度等,在句中主要用作状语。

i. 副词修饰动词,告诉我们动作是怎样进行的,什么时候进行或者在什么地方发生的,一般位于动词之后。

如:They went to the park early yesterday. We must study hard.

ii. 副词修饰形容词或副词,则告诉我们这些形容词或副词的程度如何,一般位于这些词前。如:Michael Jordan jumps very high. Dai Yuqiang sings quite well.

注意:

a.副词表示频度修饰动词时,位于连系动词和助动词之后,行为动词之前。

如:Mr. Wang usually comes to school on foot. The boy is often ill.

b. already和yet的区别:already用于陈述句,一般用于句中,但不能和时间状语放在一起,译为“已经”;yet用来谈某事在预料之中,用于疑问句时译为“已经”,但用在否定句中则译

为“尚未,还没有”,一般都放于句末。

如:The train has already arrived. I have already read the book.

Have you found your book yet? I have not finished my homework yet.

c. ever用于疑问句或带if的肯定句中或含hardly等否定意义的肯定句中,表示“曾经”一般要放在动词前面;它不用于现在完成时的简略回答,而要用Yes, I have或No, never表示。如:The old man hardly ever goes out. (hardly ever 可译为:几乎从不)

“Have you ever been to the new library?” “No, never”.

3.形容词与副词的相互转变:

形容词是用来修饰名词,副词是用来修饰动词,形容词或其它副词,它们在具体应用中可以互相转化,规律如下:

a. 在形容词词尾直接加-ly,构成副词。如:usual-usually, bad-badly等。

[注]:不是所有以-ly结尾的单词都是副词,某些名词后加-ly可以转化为形容词。

如:sisterly, brotherly, friendly, comradely, lovely等。

b. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词,变y为i,再加-ly,如:heavy-heavily, happy-happily等,并且要注意这些单词的变化:polite-politely, true-truly, terrible-terribly等。

形容词的比较级和最高级的构成

绝大多数形容词有三种形式,原级,比较级和最高级。用以表示形容词说明的性质在程度上的不同。

形容词的原级:形容词的原级形式就是词典中出现的形容词的原形。

如: poor、tall、great、glad、bad 等。

形容词的比较级和最高级:形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在形容词的原级形式的基础上变化的。分为规则变化和不规则变化两类。

规则变化如下:

1、单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加-er 和-est 构成。

如:great (原级) - greater (比较级) - greatest (最高级)

2、以-e 结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加-r 和-st 构成。

如:wide (原级) -wider (比较级) - widest (最高级)

3、少数以-y, -er, -ow, -ble结尾的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加-er 和-est 构成。

如:clever(原级) - cleverer (比较级) - cleverest (最高级)

4、以-y 结尾,但-y 前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把-y 去掉,加上-ier 和-e st 构成.

如:happy (原级) - happier (比较级) - happiest (最高级)

5、以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级是双写该辅音字母然后再加-er和-est。

如:big (原级) - bigger (比较级) - biggest (最高级)

6、某些双音节和多音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用more 和most 加在形容词前面来构成。

如:careful (原级) - more careful (比较级) - most careful (比较级)

beautiful (原级) - more beautiful (比较级) - most beautiful (比较级)

difficult (原级) -more difficult (最高级) - most difficult (最高级)

[注]:形容词前若加上less 和least 则表示“较不”和“最不”。

如:important 重要less important 较不重要least important 最不重要

形容词、副词比较级的重难点

一、"as + adj. / adv. + as" 或"not so (as ) + adj. / adv. + as"句型。该句型常用来描述两个比较

对象在程度上的相似或不同之处(即平时说的"等级比较和不等级比较")。

如:The building is as high as that tower. 这座大楼和那座塔一样高。

My computer is not so(as) expensive as yours. 我的电脑不如你的贵重。

二、"as many / few + 可数名词复数+ as"或" as much / little + 不可数名词+ as "结构。前者

描述数目上的接近;后者描述量的相近。

如:You may borrow as many books as you can.你能借多少书就借多少。

"Drink as much water as you can," the doctor said to him.

医生对他说:"你要尽可能地多喝些水。"

三、"主语+ 比较级+ than any other +可数名词单数"或"主语+ 比较级+ than the other 可数名词复数"的结构表示:主语所描述的事物比其它(任何一个)都......"。用比较级形式表示最高级含义。

如:Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.上海是中国最大的城市。

Li Ming is much cleverer than any other student in their class. 李明是他们班中最聪明的学生。四、诸如not , never 之类的否定词与形容词或副词的比较级连用,表示最高级含义。意为"再没有比......更......"。

如:It is not a better idea. 这是一个再好不过的办法。

I have never heard such an interesting story. 我从来没有听过比这更有趣的故事。

五、"no + 比较级+ than ..."结构表示对两个比较对象都进行否定(可以用neither ... nor ... 结构来改写)。

如:This computer is no better than yours.

这台电脑并不比你的好。(相当于Neither this computer nor yours is good.)

I'm no more foolish than you.我们俩都不傻。(相当于Neither I nor you are foolish.)六、"not more + 比较级+ than ..."结构表示在程度上前者不如后者。

如:This book is not more interesting than that one.

这本书不如那本书有趣。(相当于The book is less interesting than that one.)

The girl is not more selfish than her mother. 这女孩不像她母亲那样自私。

七、"比较级+ than + 形容词",意为"与其......倒不如......"。

如:He was much luckier than clever. 与其说他聪明,倒不如说他运气好。

Jack is much harder than clever. 与其说杰克聪明,倒不如说他努力。

八、"would rather ... than, prefer ... to ..., prefer to do ... rather than ... ",这三个句型表示"宁愿......而不......; 喜欢......胜过...... ; 宁愿做......而不愿做......"含义。虽无比较级形式,但表示比较级含义。

如:She would rather die than give in. 她宁死不屈。

I prefer playing basketball to going to the cinema. 我宁愿打篮球也不愿去看电影。

He preferred to go out rather than stay home. 他宁愿出去也不愿呆在家里。

九、"The + 比较级... ,the + 比较级... ",该结构意为"越......,越......"。

如:The harder you work at English, the greater progress you will make.

在英语学习上你越用功,取得的进步就越大。

The more difficult the questions are, the less likely he is able to answer them.

问题越难,他回答出来的可能性就越小。

第二节实战演练

一、例题选讲

例1 He studies English .

A.good B.better

C.best D.well

答案: D

提示:study是行为动词,后面要用副词well。

例2 The little baby looks .

A.lovely B.carefully

C.heavily D.sadly

答案: A

提示:本题掌握连系动词后接形容词作表语的用法。look意为看上去,连系动词后接形容词表示人的情绪特征或状态。选项A中的lovely是形容词,其他

各项是副词。本句意思是“这小孩看上去真可爱”。

例3 Her brother can draw an artist.

A.as well as B.not so well as

C.as better as D.as better as

答案: A

提示:本题是副词的同级比较用法。同级比较中,形容词或副词要用原级。as…as 形式可用于肯定或否定结构中,而so...as用于否定结构中。

例4 This is building in our city.

A.older B.elder

C.eldest D.the oldest

答案: D

提示:这道题要求掌握对最高级的用法。由于此题后面提供的是in our city,所以前面要用最高级。

例5 He is my brother.

A.older B.elder

C.oIdest D.old

答案: B

提示:elder或eldest是用于兄妹兄弟之间长幼关系的比较,在此表示“我的哥哥比我年长”,要用elder。

例6 Li Ping is the tallest the two.

A.at B.in

C.on D.of

答案: D

提示:of用于名词复数和具体数量,表示“在……之中”。in之后跟名词,主要表示地点、场所或范围,指“在……之内”。

例7 you able to come here this afternoon.

A.Will B.Have

C.Can D.Are

答案: D

提示:able是形容词,不能单独作谓语,必须和动词be连用。be able to表示“能”。

人教版(新目标)初中英语形容词与副词的比较级与最高级

人教版(新目标)初中英语形容词与副词的比较级与最高级 (一)规则变化: 1.绝大多数的单音节和少数双音节词,加词尾-er ,-est tall—taller—tallest 2.以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少数以-le结尾的双音节词只加-r,-st nice—nicer—nicest , able—abler—ablest 3.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词或少数双音节词,双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-er,-est big—bigger—biggest 4.以辅音字母加y结尾的双音节词,改y为i再加-er,-est easy—easier—easiest 5.少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词末尾加-er,-est clever—cleverer—cleverest, narrow—narrower—narrowest 6.其他双音节词和多音节词,在前面加more,most来构成比较级和最高级 easily—more easily—most easily (二)不规则变化 常见的有: good / well—better—best ; bad (ly)/ ill—worse—worst ; old—older/elder—oldest/eldest many / much—more—most ; little—less—least ; far—farther/further—farthest/furthest

用法: 1.原级比较:as + adj./adv. +as(否定为not so/as + adj./adv. +as)当as… as中间有名字时,采用as + adj. + a + n.或as + many / much + n. This is as good an example as the other is . I can carry as much paper as you can. 表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时放在as的前面 This room is twice as big as that one. 倍数+as+adj.+as = 倍数+the +n.+of Your room is twice as larger as mine. = Your room is twice the size of mine. 2.比较级+ than 比较级前可加程度状语much, still, even, far, a lot, a little, three years. five times,20%等 He is three years older than I (am). 表示“(两个中)较……的那个”时,比较级前常加the(后面有名字时前面才能加冠词) He is the taller of the two brothers. / He is taller than his two brothers. Which is larger, Canada or Australia? / Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? 可用比较级形式表示最高级概念,关键是要用或或否定词等把一事物(或人)与其他同类事物(或人)相分离 He is taller than any other boy / anybody else.

(完整word版)初中英语形容词和副词的用法和练习题

页眉内容 形容词 big大的small小的long长的tall高的short短的;矮的young年轻的old旧的;老的strong健壮的thin瘦的active积极活跃的quiet 安静的nice好看的kind和蔼亲切的strict严格的smart聪明的funny滑稽可笑的tasty好吃的sweet甜的salty咸的sour酸的fresh 新鲜的clean干净的tired疲劳的excited兴奋的angry生气的happy 高兴的bored无聊的sad忧愁的taller更高的shorter更矮的stronger更强壮的older年龄更大的younger更年轻的bigger更大的heavier更重的longer更长的thinner更瘦的smaller更小的good好的fine好的great很好的heavy 重的new新的fat胖的happy快乐的right对的hungry饥饿的cute逗人喜爱的little小的lovely可爱的beautiful漂亮的colorful色彩鲜艳的pretty漂亮的cheap便宜的expensive昂贵的juicy多汁的tender嫩的healthy健康的ill有病的helpful有帮助的high高的easy简单的proud骄傲的sick有病的better更好的higher更高的 二. 形容词的作用,见下表: 有些形容词只能作表语,如:alone, afraid, asleep ,awake等。例如: Don't wake the sleeping baby up. He is asleep. The old man is alone.

形容词用来修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词,要放在这些词的后面。 例如: You'd better tell us something interesting. The police found nothing strange in the room. 多个形容词做定语时排列的先后顺序是:1)冠词或人称代词2)数词3)性质4)大小5)形状6)表示老少,新旧7)颜色8)事务、质地、人的国籍、用途。 当两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时,形容词该如何排列?为什么不能说a black new pen, 而说成a new black pen? 这里面有无规则可循? 如果你记住Opshacom这个为帮助记忆而杜撰的词,就能掌握英语中形容词排列的顺序。 Opshacom中op代表opinion,指表示人们观点的形容词,如beautiful, horrible, lovely, nice等;sh代表shape,指表示形状的形容词,如long, short, round, narrow等;a代表age,指表示年龄、时代的形容词,如old, new, young等;c代表colour,指表示颜色的形容词,如red, black, orange等,o代表origin,指表示国籍、地区的形容词,如British, Canadian, German等;m代表material,指表示材料的形容词,如plastic,metal, aluminium等。 英语中这六类形容词连用时就按上述先后顺序排列,如a nice long new black British plastic pen。当然,实际语言使用中不可能出现这么多形容词连用的情况。 例如: His grandpa still lives in this small short house. 他爷爷还住在这个矮小的房子里。 The woman bought two beautiful Chinese plates. 那个妇女买了两个漂亮的中国盘子。 形容词名词化:有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词,表示一类人,谓语常用复数。这类词有:rich / poor; good / bad ; young / old ; healthy / ill ; living / dead ; black / white (表示人种等)。 例如: The young should take good care of the old. 年轻人应该好好照顾老人。 形容词短语做定语时要后置。 如: They are the students easy to teach. 他们是很容易较的学生。 We live in a house much larger than yours. 我们住的房子比你们的大得多。 else要放在疑问代词或复合不定词之后。 如:

初中英语形容词与副词总复习

初中英语形容词与副词总复习

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形容词、副词用法专题精讲 Ⅰ形容词 一、形容词的一般用法 1.作定语,一般放在所修饰词的前面。例如,It’s a cold and windyday. 2.作表语,放在系动词的后面。例如,He looks happy today. 3.形容词修饰something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词时,须放在其后。 例如,Would you like something hotto drink? 4.表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词,应放在相应的名词之后。例如,Howlong is the river?Its abouttwo hundred metres long. 5.只能作表语的形容词:afraid害怕;alone独自的;asleep睡着的;awake醒着的;alive活着的;well健康的;ill病的;frightened害怕的例如,The man is ill.(正) The ill man is my uncle.(误) 6.只能作定语的形容词:little小的;only唯一的;wooden木质的;woolen羊毛质的;elder年长的 例如,Myelder brother is in Beijing.(正) My brother is elder. (误) 7.貌似副词的形容词:lonely独自的;friendly友好的;lively生动的;lovely可爱的 8.复合形容词:snow-white雪白的English-speaking说英语的;glass-topped玻璃罩的;full-time全日制的;well-known众所周知的;kind-hearted善良的;man-made人造的;take-away可以带走的;ten-year-old十岁的。 二、多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为: 限定词(冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、数词)——描绘词(大小,长短,形状,新旧,长幼,颜色)——出处——材料性质——类别——名词 A small roundtable一张小圆桌Atallwhite building一幢高大的白色建筑物 A dirtyold black shirt一件又脏又旧的黑色衬衣 A famousAmerican medical school一个非常著名 的美国医学院 三、形容词常用句型 1.“It’s +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。 注意:这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词,如good(好的),kind(友善的),nice(友好的),polite(有礼貌的),cl ever(聪明的),foolish(愚蠢的),lazy(懒惰的),careful(细心的),careless(粗心的),right(正确的),wrong(错误的)等。例如,It’svery kindof you to helpme.(=Youare very kindtohelp me.)你能帮助我,真好。 It’s very rudeof herto say such words.(=Sheis very rude to say suchword s.)她说这样的话,真粗鲁。?It’s foolish ofhim to go alone.(=Heis foolishto goalone.)他单独出去太傻了。 2.“It’s+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。 注意:这一句型中常用的形容词有important(重要的),necessary(必要的),difficult(困难的),easy(容易的),h ard(艰难的),dangerous(危险的),safe(安全的),useful(有益的),pleasant(舒适的),interesting(有趣的),impo

初中英语专题复习—形容词、副词(总结版)

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专题复习---形容词和副词(一) 一、形容词的构成及其用法 用以修饰名词等表示人和事物的性质、特征的词叫形容词。它在句中可以充当定语、表语和宾语补足语,一般放在所修饰词的前面。 Eg. Those big moon cakes are delicious. (作表语) Eg. There are many beautiful flowers in the park. (作定语) 1.修饰词尾为-body/-one; -thing不定代词时,必须放在其后。 Eg. There’s nothing wrong with my bike. Eg. Please give me something delicious to eat. Eg. Anybody clever can’t do such stupid things. 2.表示长、宽、高、深或年龄的形容词的常用结构: 数词+名词+形容词 12 years old/ 8meters long/ 3 meters wide/ 100 kilometers high/ 1.8meters tall Eg. It’s a river 6 meters deep. Eg. That’s a road 300 kilometers long. Eg. The young man is 1.8 meters tall. 3.系动词(look, sound, smell, taste, feel)之后要接形容词

Eg. The soup tastes nice. Eg. They all looked very happy after hearing the good news. 4.–ing形容词和-ed形容词的区别 -ed形容词通常用来形容人,而-ing形容词通常用来形容事或物 如:disappointed/excited/interested/surprised/bored/amazed/relaxed (某人)感到失望/兴奋/有趣/奇怪/厌烦/震惊/放松 disappointing /exciting /interesting /surprising /boring /amazing/ relaxing (某事)令人失望的/兴奋的/有趣的/奇怪的/厌烦的/震惊的/放松的 5.“the +部分形容词”表示“一类人” the young the old the rich the poor 二、副词的构成和用法。 副词是用来说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词,主要用来修饰动词、动词词组、形容词等。 副词的构成形式主要有两大类: 1.单词本身就是副词。例如:often, now, always, then, yesterday, today, much, very, a bit, so, here, there,等 2.大部分副词都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的,其构成方法见下表:

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