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考研英语翻译之一词多义

考研英语翻译之一词多义
考研英语翻译之一词多义

考研英语翻译之一词多义

一词多义是一种普遍的语言现象,任何一个词、词组、甚至句子,孤立的看,其意思都是模糊的,不确定的。只有当它与其他词语构成上下文,并和特定的语境相关联,才具有特定的意义。在英语中,这种语义现象表现尤为突出。确定每个词在不同语境中的确切含义是翻译活动中一个最基本的环节。一般来说,词义的确定可以凑个以下三个方面入手:

(1)根据词性选择词义

例1:

原文:Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge.

译文:胜者无惧于运用自己的知识进行思考。

分析:thinking在在名物化之后仍具有“动作意味”,因此,在翻译时,不宜将改词翻译成名字,从而避免译文生涩干瘪。

例2:

原文:Writers can not bear the fact that poet John Keats died at 26, and only half playfully judge their own lives as failures when they pass that year.

译文:诗人约翰·济慈26岁便溘然长逝,文人们对此难以接受。然而他们自己过了26岁时,却半开玩笑的认为自己的生命是失败的。

分析:half做名词“一半”或“半数”,因此很多考生翻译成“仅有半数的作家开玩笑的说”,但作名词时通常与of连用,很少单独做主语。因此half在此是副词,做修饰playfully 的程度状语。

(2)根据词的使用场合及上下文联系选择词义。

例1:

原文:Scientific and technological advances are enabling us to comprehend the furthest reaches of the cosmos...

译文:科技进步正在使我们能够探索宇宙的边陲......

分析:这里的reach意为“范围”,为较偏僻词义,应结合该处语境引申为“边陲”。

例2:

原文:But if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible fineness, from the twist and turn of the first sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other.

译文:然而,如果你能尽量敞开心胸,那么书中那些极细微的精妙之处和暗示都会从开头曲折婉转的语气中显现出来,把你待到一个与众不同的境界。

分析:根据上下文,mind此处与心智无关,mind取其引申义可翻译为心胸。

(3)根据词的搭配和习惯选择词义

英语中,形容词与名词、动词与名词、动词与副词以及动词与介词等常常构成搭配,这些相对固定的搭配关系构成了自己的固定意思。

例1

原文:Winners do not play “helpless”, nor do they play the blaming game.

译文:赢家绝不会摆出一副无助的样子,他们也不会玩弄推卸责任的把戏。

分析:play是个很常见的动词,字典中标注的词义多达14个,其常见的意思有“玩,打,玩弄,扮演,演奏,假装成”等,根据上下文,句中第一个play选择“假装成”,即“摆出”,第二个play则选择“玩弄”之意。

例2

原文:There is no happiness except as we take on life-engaging difficulties.

译文:除非我们能面对那些需要我们全身心投入的艰难困苦,否则就没有幸福而言。

分析:take on常用词义为“呈现”,该句中take on取其引申僻义。

凯程教育:

凯程考研成立于2005年,国内首家全日制集训机构考研,一直从事高端全日制辅导,由李海洋教授、张鑫教授、卢营教授、王洋教授、杨武金教授、张释然教授、索玉柱教授、方浩教授等一批高级考研教研队伍组成,为学员全程高质量授课、答疑、测试、督导、报考指导、方法指导、联系导师、复试等全方位的考研服务。

凯程考研的宗旨:让学习成为一种习惯;

凯程考研的价值观口号:凯旋归来,前程万里;

信念:让每个学员都有好最好的归宿;

使命:完善全新的教育模式,做中国最专业的考研辅导机构;

激情:永不言弃,乐观向上;

敬业:以专业的态度做非凡的事业;

服务:以学员的前途为已任,为学员提供高效、专业的服务,团队合作,为学员服务,为学员引路。

如何选择考研辅导班:

在考研准备的过程中,会遇到不少困难,尤其对于跨专业考生的专业课来说,通过报辅导班来弥补自己复习的不足,可以大大提高复习效率,节省复习时间,大家可以通过以下几个方面来考察辅导班,或许能帮你找到适合你的辅导班。

师资力量:师资力量是考察辅导班的首要因素,考生可以针对辅导名师的辅导年限、辅导经验、历年辅导效果、学员评价等因素进行综合评价,询问往届学长然后选择。判断师资力量关键在于综合实力,因为任何一门课程,都不是由一、两个教师包到底的,是一批教师配合的结果。还要深入了解教师的学术背景、资料著述成就、辅导成就等。凯程考研名师云集,李海洋、张鑫教授、方浩教授、卢营教授、孙浩教授等一大批名师在凯程授课。而有的机构只是很普通的老师授课,对知识点把握和命题方向,欠缺火候。

对该专业有辅导历史:必须对该专业深刻理解,才能深入辅导学员考取该校。在考研辅导班中,从来见过如此辉煌的成绩:凯程教育拿下2017五道口金融学院状元,考取五道口15人,清华经管金融专硕10人,人大金融专硕15个,中财和贸大金融专硕合计20人,北师大教育学7人,会计硕士保录班考取30人,翻译硕士接近20人,中传状元王园璐、郑家威都是来自凯程,法学方面,凯程在人大、北大、贸大、政法、武汉大学、公安大学等院校斩获多个法学和法硕状元,更多专业成绩请查看凯程网站。在凯程官方网站的光荣榜,成功学

员经验谈视频特别多,都是凯程战绩的最好证明。对于如此高的成绩,凯程集训营班主任邢老师说,凯程如此优异的成绩,是与我们凯程严格的管理,全方位的辅导是分不开的,很多学生本科都不是名校,某些学生来自二本三本甚至不知名的院校,还有很多是工作了多年才回来考的,大多数是跨专业考研,他们的难度大,竞争激烈,没有严格的训练和同学们的刻苦学习,是很难达到优异的成绩。最好的办法是直接和凯程老师详细沟通一下就清楚了。

建校历史:机构成立的历史也是一个参考因素,历史越久,积累的人脉资源更多。例如,凯程教育已经成立10年(2005年),一直以来专注于考研,成功率一直遥遥领先,同学们有兴趣可以联系一下他们在线老师或者电话。

有没有实体学校校区:有些机构比较小,就是一个在写字楼里上课,自习,这种环境是不太好的,一个优秀的机构必须是在教学环境,大学校园这样环境。凯程有自己的学习校区,有吃住学一体化教学环境,独立卫浴、空调、暖气齐全,这也是一个考研机构实力的体现。此外,最好还要看一下他们的营业执照。

【英语】高考英语翻译解题技巧和训练方法及练习题(含答案)(1)

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foreign exchange 外汇 sum total 总数 per capita 人均 GNP 国民生产总值 joint ventures 合资企业 net income 净收入 world investment system世界投资体系 the stock of foreign investment 外资存量 英语翻译重点词汇(2) major economy 经济大国 the stimulus, the technology and the funding 动力、技术和资金international trade and investment 国际贸易和投资 popular science 科普读物Arctic seas 北冰洋 vegetable oil 植物油 mineral oil煤油 internal combustion engine内燃机 warfare on land and sea 陆战和海战 minute sea creatures and plants 微小的海洋动植物 crude oil 原油 sedimentary rocks 沉积岩 pitch lake 沥青湖 superhighway 高速公路 living organism 生物体 applied entomology 应用昆虫学 environmental Law环保法 wildlife 野生生物

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