2003年1月真题及答案详解

2003年1月大学英语四级考试

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: It Pays to Be Honest. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition

on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1. 当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象

2. 诚实利人利己，做人应该诚实

It Pays to Be Honest

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.

For questions 1-7, mark

Y (for YES)if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;

N (for NO)if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage.

For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

Who Knows

Since no one knows what scientific discoveries will be made between now and the year A.D. 2020, each of us can make his own predictions.

Our prophecies need not be completely wild guesses. We know science has moved forward rapidly in the past 50 years and will continue to do so. If we allow our imaginations to be guided by known research, our prophecies need not be sheer fantasy. We don?t have to go so far as to predict that there will be invasion by men from Mars, or that all food and nourishment will be taken in capsule form, or that mechanical men will roam the world.

With the scientific information that we have available now, let’s make an estimate of progress in air travel. It is likely that within 50 years we shall travel through the air at a speed of 10,000 miles per hour. Too fast? Not at all. Jet-propelled planes can now travel at least 1,000 miles an hour, and jet planes will be outmoded shortly by guided missiles. The X-15 rocket?s speed in 1961 was 3,690 miles per hour, and scientists are hoping to double and even triple this speed. They will accomplish this speed-up, because there is no apparent scientific obstacle to prevent it.

Some day, certain aerodynamic(空气动力学的) problems will be overcome and missiles will be enlarged to carry at least 25 passengers. When scientists have solved all the problems of constructing and increasing the speed of apparatus-carrying missiles, their skill will lead them to the next step — missiles for interplanetary flight. This prediction is a scientific possibility in the near future.

Flights into outer space began when Sputnik I was launched in 1957, and man first went into space in 1961. During the late 1950?s and early 1960?s many satellites— man-made astral

bodies —orbited the earth and moon. Satellites, which will be controlled by men on earth, may have many beneficial uses. Perhaps scientists will discover a source of energy 100 miles above the earth. This energy could be transmitted to us as a source of power for manufacturing plants or even for our cook stoves. Or one of these missiles might serve as the medium for transmitting communications across the globe. Telephonic communications might be carried on by beaming waves at the missile, which would in turn beam waves at a telephone halfway across the world. The missile might be the telephonic connection, for example, between you in New York, and a friend in Bangkok.

Such a satellite might also be used as the transmitting medium for international television broadcasts. Programs being telecast from a Paris studio could then be seen simultaneously in every other country. This immediate international transmission will surely be a development before the turn of a new century.

We may expect to order our clothing, groceries and other household goods by television-phone. We prophesy that within twenty five years, our telephones will be equipped with television screens so that we can see the person at the other end of the line.

Other fields of science have also made gigantic (巨大的) strides in progress. Medicine had operated so efficiently in the past half-century that many diseases have been nearly wiped out. And more will join this disappearing group of diseases. Diabetes and polio are under control. We can hope and expect that cancer will be conquered. Certain skin diseases, like psoriasis and eczema, which are exceedingly common though not fatal, will be eradicated(消灭). The victims of annoying diseases will lead pleasanter lives.

Even the healthy will benefit from the advances in medicine. Life expectancy already had been lengthened and scientists know that the time is coming rapidly when the person one hundred years old will not be a phenomenon.

Even if the birth rate should remain at its present level, the population will be larger as people stay alive longer. Realizing that the increase of population will strain natural resources, scientists of all kinds are experimenting with methods for extending these resources.

One matter of immediate urgency will be our source of food. The larger the population, the greater will be the demand for food. Our arable (适合耕作的) land is already taxed to capacity. Scientists will have to find a way to mass-produce food by hydroponics—the science of growing vegetables, or other plants, in water —or by irrigating desert wasteland.

This increased demand for food will create an increased demand for water. Certain parts of the United States — Nevada, New Mexico, and Arizona, for example — have been in desperate need of water for a long time. Periodically, the citizens of New York have been water-rationed because droughts have seriously threatened the water supply in the reservoirs which provide the millions of gallons a day needed in the largest city in the world.

Scientists will solve the water problems of the desert and metropolitan areas. Rain-makers will have perfected a simple method, now in the elementary stages of experimentation, for making clouds release their moisture so that the right amount of rain is produced to keep reservoirs at the correct level at all times of the year.

Another method of water production will be the purification of salt water taken from oceans. When a simple, cheap method has been worked out for converting seawater into pure water suitable for use in the household and the manufacturing plant, other scientist-engineers will contribute practical mechanical equipment for piping the water from seashore to desert areas.

Other improvements of the future will touch our lives more closely.It is possible, for example, to imagine that cities of the future will have underground networks of conveyor belts which would supplement subways and make it possible for people to hop on a rapid conveyor system, sit in a little booth, and shuttle a couple of blocks in safety.

Of even more immediate interest than transportation is the clothing of the future. The clothes you will wear at the end of this century may not be of silk, cotton, wool, or even nylon. Clothing will be made of new synthetics and so will the upholstery (家具装饰材料) materials you order by television-phone. To get these synthetic materials，scientists will have devised some electrically controlled apparatus which will allow men to dig twenty miles below the surface of the ground. At that level inside the earth, they may discover many types of rock, now unknown, which will give us these new synthetic materials. Cloth made from these materials will be fire-proof because they come from rock.

While these synthetics for cloth are being developed, others will be discovered to take the place of wood and steel. We already have plastic furniture, plastic boats, and plastic dishes. As our wood and steel supplies dwindle (减少), synthetic materials will be developed for building homes

1. According to the reading selection，the world in the year 2020 will achieve great progress in

many fields.

2. According to the writer, our predictions about the future should be based on our free

imaginations.

3. Based on available scientific information, it is predicted in this passage that the speed of air

travel 50 years from now will reach 10,000 kilometres an hour.

4. Paragraph 8 mainly tells us that many diseases will be cured or under control in the future

thanks to the advances in medicine．

5. To meet the increasing demand for food, scientists have found a way to mass-produce food by

irrigating desert wasteland.

6. Underground networks of conveyor belts will be more convenient and more widely used than

subways.

7. Synthetics in place of silk, cotton and wool will be made from rocks.

8. One of satellites? beneficial uses is to work as the medium for__________.

9. The way to grow vegetables，or other plants，in water is called__________.

10. The water problems can be solved by producing rain and__________.

Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.

Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question

there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B),

C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter

on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

11. A) They are likely to have dinner together.

B) They are both anxious to try Italian food.

C) The woman refused to have dinner with the man.

D) The man will treat the woman to dinner tonight.

12. A) It?s no longer available. B) It?s being redecorated.

C) It?s only for rent, not for sale. D) It?s not as good as advertised.

13. A) Husband and wife. B) Mother and son.

C) Employer and employee. D) Colleagues.

14. A) She visits her parents at weekends when the fares are down.

B) She often calls her parents regardless of the rates.

C) She phones her parents regularly at weekends.

D) She contacts her parents occasionally.

15. A) There are only two or three passengers waiting for the bus.

B) The bus will wait a few minutes at the stop.

C) They can catch this bus without running.

D) The next bus is coming soon.

16. A) They cannot finish the assignment until Thursday.

B) The assignment looks easy but actually it?s quite difficult.

C) The assignment is too difficult for them to complete on time.

D) They have plenty of time to work on the assignment.

17. A) The man will go to meet the woman this evening.

B) The woman won?t be able to see the man this evening.

C) The man and the woman have an appointment at 7 o?clock.

D) The woman can?t finish making the jam before 7 o?clock.

18. A) She?s written some books about world classics.

B) She?s learned a lot from the literature class.

C) She?s just back from a trip round the world.

D) She?s met some of the world?s best writers.

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you’ve just heard.

19. A) A telephone services company. B) Daisy Plumbing Services.

C) Roger Plumbing Services. D) The restaurant Roger went to lunch.

20. A) Frank was staying in a hotel.

B) Frank would call Daisy later.

C) Frank would leave his name with Daisy.

D) Frank wouldn?t come back within a few days.

21. A) He asked Daisy if she wanted some wine from France.

B) He asked what Roger would want for a birthday gift.

C) He thought the long-distance call was toll free.

D) He would like to get Daisy on the phone.

22. A) Roger. B) Roger?s brother.

C) Roge r?s customer. D) Roger?s wife.

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you’ve just heard.

23. A) From Orlando in Florida. B) From Spaceport in Orlando.

C) From Florida in Orlando. D) From New York.

24. A) Elsa changed her seat because a man was smoking.

B) Malcolm and Elsa are from the same State.

C) John isn?t traveling with Elsa because he had to work.

D) Malcolm plans to see his wife and children in New York.

25. A) 50 years. B) 47 years. C) 41 years. D) 40 years. Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.

After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices

marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet 2

with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.

26. A) They haven?t reached a decision yet.

B) They have decided to go hunting bears.

C) They want to go camping.

D) They want to go exploring in the country.

27. A) Susie. B) Tom.

C) The speaker. D) The speaker?s husband.

28. A) They chased the bear away.

B) They stayed outside the tent and did nothing.

C) They climbed up a tree.

D) They put some honey outside for the bear to eat.

29. A) He ate the honey. B) He drank the beer.

C) He chased the people away. D) He turned things upside down.

Passage Two

Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.

30. A) The silk T-shirt in white color.

B) The cotton T-shirt with a slogan or picture.

C) The nylon T-shirt worn on playground.

D) The wool T-shirt worn for work.

31. A) T-shirts feel soft and wash well. B) T-shirts are smart and comfortable.

C) T-shirts go well with trousers. D) T-shirts are suitable for evening wear.

32. A) New technology is being employed.

B) Advertisements are being widely used.

C) New designs are being adopted.

D) More synthetic materials are being introduced.

Passage Three

Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

33. A) He missed the appointment. B) He arrived late.

C) He was sick. D) He was very busy.

34. A) He was busy sightseeing.

B) He couldn?t reach Mr. Jordan?s office.

C) He didn?t want to see Mr. Jordan any more.

D) He didn?t want to take the trouble making it.

35. A) The trip didn?t do any good to his health.

B) The trip was a complete disappointment.

C) The trip was enjoyable but not fruitful in terms of business.

D) The trip helped him meet many interesting people.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage 3 times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the

second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the

exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required

to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words

you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when

the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

It?s difficult to imagine the sea ever running out of fish. It?s so vast, so deep, so (36) ______. Unfortunately, it?s not bottomless. Overfishing, (37) ______ with destructive fishing practices, is killing off the fish and (38) ______ their environment.

Destroy the fish, and you (39) ______ the fishermen?s means of living. At least 60 (40) ______ of the world?s commercially important fish (41) ______ are already over-fished, or fished to the limit. As a result, governments have had to close down some areas of sea to commercial fishing.

Big, high-tech fleets (42) ______ that everything in their path is pulled out of water. Anything too small, or the wrong thing, is thrown back either dead or dying. That?s an (43) ______ of more than 20 million metric tons every year.

(44) ______________________________________________________________________.

In some parts of the world, for every kilogram of prawns (对虾) caught, up to 15 kilograms

of unsuspecting fish and other marine wildlife die, simply for being in the wrong place at the wrong time.

True, (45) __________________________________________________________________, before every ocean becomes a dead sea. (46) ________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________, then catch them in a way that doesn?t kill other innocent sea life.

Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)

Section A

Directions:In this section, there is a passage with 10 blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read

the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is

identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer

Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the

bank more than once.

Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

With the ___(47)__ of economic reform, there are more and more laid-off workers in China. It is ___(48)__ that nearly one third of the workers all over the country have been laid off. ___(49)__ becomes a serious problem in China.

In the process of ___(50)__ economic reform, some problems will inevitably appear. The emergence of laid-off workers is the ___(51)__ result of current economic reform. Under the planning economic system, several people did the work which one people could do. This must lead to a waste of labors. The ___(52)__ system is too weak to work quickly and efficiently. The purpose of current economic reform is to ___(53)__ the new market economic system to get rid of the disadvantages of the planning economic system and build up our country into a strong socialist one with Chinese characteristics. Unemployment is only ___(54)__. The new system will bring everyone?s intelligence into full play.

But how to solve the problem of laid-off workers? reemployment? Firstly, the ___(55)__ of “iron bowl”must be eliminated and the laid-off workers should ___(56)__ themselves with knowledge and skills. Secondly, measures should be taken to protect the rights and interests of

Section B

Passage One

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

Like many of my generation, I have a weakness for hero worship. At some point, however,

we all begin to question our heroes and our need for them. This leads us to ask: What is a hero?

Despite immense differences in cultures, heroes around the world generally share a number of characteristics that instruct and inspire people.

A hero does something worth talking about. A hero has a story of adventure to tell and a community who will listen. But a hero goes beyond mere fame.

Heroes serve powers or principles larger than themselves. Like high-voltage transformers, heroes take the energy of higher powers and step it down so that it can be used by ordinary people.

The hero lives a life worthy of imitation. Those who imitate a genuine hero experience life with new depth, enthusiasm, and meaning. A sure test for would-be heroes is what or whom do they serve? What are they willing to live and die for? If the answer or evidence suggests they serve only their own fame, they may be famous persons but not heroes. Madonna and Michael Jackson are famous, but who would claim that their fans find life more abundant?

Heroes are catalysts (催化剂) for change. They have a vision from the mountaintop. They have the skill and the charm to move the masses. They create new possibilities. Without Gandhi, India might still be part of the British Empire. Without Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King, Jr., we might still have segregated(隔离的) buses, restaurants, and parks. It may be possible for largescale change to occur without leaders with magnetic personalities, but the pace of change would be slow, the vision uncertain, and the committee meeting endless.

57. Although heroes may come from different cultures, they ______.

A) are often influenced by previous generations

B) all unknowingly attract a large number of fans

C) generally possess certain inspiring characteristics

D) probably share some weaknesses of ordinary people

58. According to the passage, heroes are compared to high-voltage transformers in that ______.

A) they have warm feelings and emotions

B) they have a vision from the mountaintop

C) they can make people feel stronger and more confident

D) they can serve as concrete examples of noble principles

59. Madonna and Michael Jackson are not considered heroes because ______.

A) they are not clear about the principles they should follow

B) they are popular only among certain groups of people

C) their performances do not improve their fans morally

D) their primary concern is their own financial interests

60. Gandhi and Martin Luther King are typical examples of outstanding leaders who ______.

A) can provide an answer to the problems of their people

B) are good at demonstrating their charming characters

C) are capable of meeting all challenges and hardships

D) can move the masses with their forceful speeches

61. The author concludes that historical changes would ______.

A) produce leaders with attractive personalities

B) take place if there were heroes to lead the people

C) not happen without heroes making the necessary sacrifices

D) be delayed without leaders with inspiring personal qualities.

Passage two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

In recent years, Israeli consumers have grown more demanding as they?ve become wealthier and more worldly-wise. Foreign travel is a national passion; this summer alone, one in 10 citizens will go abroad. Exposed to higher standards of service elsewhere. Israelis are returning home expecting the same. American firms have also begun arriving in large numbers. Chains such as KFC, McDonald?s and Pizza Hut are setting a new standard of customer service, using strict employee training and constant monitoring to ensure the friendliness of frontline staff. Even the American habit of telling departing customers to “Have a nice day” has caught on all over Israel. “Nobody wakes up in the morning and says,”…Let?s be nicer,?says Itsik Cohen, director of a consulting firm. “Nothing happens without competition.”

Privatization, or the threat of it, is a motivation as well. Monopolies(垄断者) that until recently have been free to take their customers for granted now fear what Michael Perry, a marketing professor, calls “the revengeful (报复的) consumer.” When the government opened up competition with Bezaq, the phone company, its international branch lost 40% of its market share, even while offering competitive rates. Says Perry, “People wanted revenge for all the years of bad service.”The electric company, whose monopoly may be short-lived, has suddenly stopped requiring users to wait half a day for a repairman. Now, appointments are scheduled to the half-hour. The graceless El A1 Airlines, which is already at auction(拍卖), has retrained its employees to emphasize service and is boasting about the results in an ad campaign with the slogan, “You can feel the change in the air.” For the first time, praise outnumbers complaints on customer survey sheets.

62. It may be inferred from the passage that ______.

A) Israeli customers prefer foreign products to domestic ones

B) customer service in Israel is now improving

C) wealthy Israeli customers are hard to please

D) the tourist industry has brought chain stores to Israel

63. In the author?s view, higher service standards are impossible in Israel ______.

A) if there?s no competition among companies

B) without strict routine training of employees

C) if customer complaints go unnoticed by the management

D) unless foreign companies are introduced in greater numbers

64. If someone in Israel today needs a repairman in case of a power failure, ______.

A) it?s no longer necessary to make an appointment

B) the appointment takes only half a day to make

C) they only have to wait half an hour at most

D) they can have it fixed in no time

65. The example of El A1 Airlines shows that ______.

A) staff retraining is essential for better service

B) a good slogan has great potential for improving service

C) revengeful customers are a threat to the monopoly of enterprises

D) an ad campaign is a way out for enterprises in financial difficulty

66. Why did Bezaq?s international branch lose 40% of its market share?

A) Because it no longer received any support from the government.

B) Because the service offered by its competitors was far better.

C) Because the rates it offered were not competitive enough.

D) Because customers were dissatisfied with its past service.

Part IV Cloze (15 minutes)

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.

Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the

center.

A language is a signaling system which operates with symbolic vocal sounds(语声), and which is used by a group of people for the purpose of communication.

Let?s look at this 67 in more detail because it is language, more than anything else,

68 distinguishes man from the rest of the 69 world.

Other animals, it is true, communicate with one another by 70 of cries: for example, many birds utter 71 calls at the approach of danger; monkeys utter 72 cries, such as expressions of anger, fear and pleasure. 73 these various means of communication differ in important ways 74 human language. For instance, animals? cries do not 75 thoughts and feelings clearly. This means, basically, that they lack structure. They lack the kind of structure that 76 us to divide a human utterance into 77 .

We can change an utterance by 78 one word in it with 79 : a good illustration of this is a soldier who can say, e.g., “tanks approaching from the north”, 80 who can change one word and say “aircraft approaching from the north” or “tanks approaching from the west”; but a bird has a single alarm cry, 81 means “danger!”

This is why the number of 82 that an animal can make is very limited: the great tit (山雀) is a case 83 point; it has about twenty different calls, 84 in human language the number of possible utterances is 85 . It also explains why animal cries are very 86 in meaning.

67. A) definition B) perception C) function D) classification

68. A) it B) as C) that D) what

69. A) physical B) native C) animal D) human

70. A) methods B) means C) approaches D) ways

71. A) warning B) mating C) exciting D) boring

72. A) similar B) unfamiliar C) identical D) different

73. A) Therefore B) Afterwards C) But D) Furthermore

74. A) about B) from C) in D) with

75. A) explain B) express C) infer D) interpret

76. A) enables B) ensures C) enforces D) encourages

77. A) sounds B) voices C) speeches D) words

78. A) saying B) spelling C) replacing D) pronouncing

79. A) others B) another C) theirs D) ours

80. A) and B) but C) or D) so

81. A) it B) which C) that D) this

82. A) marks B) signs C) gestures D) signals

83. A) of B) in C) at D) for

84. A) anyhow B) somehow C) since D) whereas

85. A) boundless B) limitless C) ceaseless D) changeable

86. A) general B) alike C) ordinary D) common

Part VI Translation (5 minutes)

Directions:Complete the following sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.

87. Climatically, farmers? life used to change with the weather. They had to either irrigate or drain,

___________________________________ (视情况而定).

88. The international communities are still seeking a diplomatic solution to the Iranian uranium

issue. So far, ______________________ (他们还没有将军事打击提上议事日程).

89. －I have had a terrible stomachache since dinner.

－What did you have for dinner?

－I ate and drank a lot, French fries, sandwich, milk shake, and the like.

－Oh, I see. ___________________________ (你不该吃那么多).

90. The international communities —the USA, the IAEA, and the EU —must continue their

efforts ___________________________ (防止伊朗核危机失控).

91. ___________________ (说来也真巧), when we arrived at the airport half an hour late, we

were told that the flight had been delayed for two hours. So we were still in time.

KEYS

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

1. [Y]

2. [N]

3. [N]

4. [Y]

5. [N]

6. [NG]

7. [Y]

8. transmitting communications across the globe

9. hydroponics

10. purifying sea water

Section C

(36) mysterious (37) coupled (38) ruining (39) destroy

(40) percent (41) species (42) ensure (43) average

(44) When you consider that equals a quarter of the world catch, you begin to see the size of the

problem

(45) some countries are beginning to deal with this problem, but it?s vital we find a rational way of

fishing

(46) It would make sense to give the fish enough time to recover, grow to full size and reproduce Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)

Section A

47. J 48. I 49. N 50. H 51. O 52. L 53. G 54. K 55. D) 56. C

Part VI Translation

87. as the case might be

88. they have not yet put military strike on the agenda

89. You should not have eaten so/that much.

90. to prevent the Iranian nuclear crisis from getting out of control

91. As luck would have it

※※※※※※※※※※试题精解※※※※※※※※※※Part I Writing

It Pays to Be Honest

What is honesty?Honesty means speaking the truth and being fair and upright in act. Considered a virtue, it is admired in every country and every culture. Although honesty is believed to be a virtue, there are still dishonest people in our society. For example,some businessmen sell fake products to their consumers; some students cheat in the exams.

Dishonest people are short-sighted. Those who sell fake products may make money at first, but consumers won’t buy their products any more. As a result, they will lose their fortune or even sent to prison. By contrast, honest people gain a lot. Those who always tell truth or keep to their promise not only let others trust them but also gain respect from other people as well. Such persons are sure to have a lot of good friends. Because they are trustable and respectable, everyone is eager to make friends with them. Besides, it is easier for a person with a good record to get a good job. Generally speaking, every employer wants his employees to be honest. So we can say that anyone who is honest will be paid back later.

As the English proverb goes, honesty is the best policy.In a word,honesty wins trust,

respect and honor. So it is important that we should be honest.

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

这是一篇科幻说明文。作者根据过去五十年科技的迅速发展对未来半个世纪科技领域的发现或发明作了令人信服的预测。这些发现或发明将主要集中于航空、通讯、医学、食品开发、淡水供应、交通，服装与建筑材料等领域。

1. [Y] (Lines1-2, Para.2) Our prophecies need not be completely wild guesses. We know science

has moved forward rapidly in the past 50 years and will continue to do so. 在过去五十年里，科学进步得很快，未来将仍会这样。

2. [N] (Lines2-3, Para.2) If we allow our imaginations to be guided by known research, our

prophecies need not be sheer fantasy.如果我们的想象建立在已知研究的基础之上，那么我们的预言就不纯粹是幻想。

3. [N] (Lines2-3, Para.3) It is likely that within 50 years we shall travel through the air at a speed

of 10,000 miles per hour.很可能在未来五十年内我们空中旅行的时速将达到一万英里。

4. [Y] (Lines1-3, Para.8) Medicine had operated so efficiently in the past half-century that many

diseases have been nearly wiped out. And more will join this disappearing group of diseases.由于医学的进展未来许多疾病将得以治愈或控制。

5. [N] (Lines3-4, Para.11) Scientists will have to find a way to mass-produce food by

hydroponic s —the science of growing vegetables, or other plants, in water —or by irrigating desert wasteland. 为了满足日益增长的食物需求，科学家将不得不通过利用水栽法或灌溉荒田来大规模生产食物。

6. [NG] (Lines1-4, Para.15) It is possible, for example, to imagine that cities of the future will

have underground networks of conveyor belts which would supplement subways and make it possible for people to hop on a rapid conveyor system, sit in a little booth, and shuttle a couple of blocks in safety.作者并没有提到运输带地下网络比地铁更方便，使用更广。

7. [Y] (Lines6-7, Para.16) At that level inside the earth, they may discover many types of rock,

now unknown, which will give us these new synthetic materials.在地球内部的那一深度他们可能发现现今未知的多种岩石，可以向我们提供这些新的合成材料。

8. transmitting communications across the globe。(Lines6-7, Para.5) Or one of these missiles might

serve as the medium for transmitting communications across the globe. 卫星的其中一项功能是可以向全球各地发射通讯信号。

9. hydroponics。(Lines3-4, Para.11) Scientists will have to find a way to mass-produce food by

hydroponics —the science of growing vegetables, or other plants, in water —or by irrigating desert wasteland. 在水里种植蔬菜或其它植物的科学被称为水栽法。

10. purifying sea water。(Lines1-2, Para.14) Another method of water production will be the

purification of salt water taken from oceans. 制造淡水的另一种方法是净化海水。Part III Script For Listening Comprehension

Section A

11. M: Mary, would you join me for dinner tonight?

W: You treated（请客）me last weekend. Now it’s my turn（该轮到我了）. Shall we try something Italian?

Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

12. W: Good afternoon! I?m calling to inquire about the four-bedroom house you advertised in the

newspaper.

M: I’m sorry. But it’s already sold.

Q: What do we learn about the house from the conversation?

13. W: John, what are you doing on your computer? Don’t you remember your promise?

M: This is not a game. It’s only a crossword puzzle（一种拼词游戏）that helps increase my vocabulary.

Q: What is the probable relationship between the speakers?

14. M: Do you still keep in touch with your parents regularly after all these years?

W: Yes, of course. I call them at weekends when the rates（收费）are down 50 percent. Q: What do we learn about the woman from the conversation?

15. M: Hurry, there is a bus coming.

W: Why run? There’ll be another one in two or three minutes.

Q: What does the woman mean?

16. M: Wow, that?s a big assignment（作业）we got for the English class.

W: Well, it?s not as hard as it looks. It isn’t due until Thursday morning.

Q: What does the woman mean?

17. W: Hello, is that Steve? I?m stuck in a traffic jam（塞车）. I’m afraid I can’t make it before 7

o’clock.

M: Never mind. I?ll be here waiting for you.

Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

18. M: You really seem to enjoy your literature（文学）class?

W: You?re right. It has opened a new world for me. I’m exposed to the thoughts of some of the world best writers. I?ve never read so much in my life.

Q: What does the woman mean?

Now you’ll hear two long conversations.

Conversation One

W: (19) Roger Plumbing (管道设备，水暖设备) Services. How can I help you?

M: Hi, is Roger there?

W: No, this is his wife Daisy speaking. Actually, he?s out on his lunch break right now. He?s coming back soon. Would you like to leave a message?

M: Oh, hello, Daisy! It?s Fran k!

W: Hey! I didn?t recognize your voice at all! Aren?t you in Paris right now?

M: Yes, I?m calling long-distance from Paris. I just arrived here and I just wanted to call my brother to let him know I?m OK, and to wish him a happy birthday.

W: Well, Roger stepped out a while ago. Should I tell him you?ll call back, or do you want him to call you?

M: He can call me back. I?ll be staying in the same hotel for a few days anyway.

W: Well, if you leave your name and number I?ll have him call you back as soon as he?s available. M: Daisy! (20) You already know my name! I’ll just have to give you my number!

W: Oops sorry! I am so used to saying that, since Roger runs out quite often.

M: That?s OK. Daisy, (21) I forgot to tell you that I want to get Roger a birthday present from France. What do you think I should get?

W: Well, he likes lots of things from France: wine, art, anything of that sort. Wait a second, can I call you back? Something has come up.

M: What?s up?

W: Can we continue this later? (22) My other line is ringing. That must be a customer calling for Roger.

M: That?s fine with me. You don?t have to call me. I?ll give you a ring in a n hour. Talk to you later!

W: OK. Bye-bye.

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you’ve just heard.

19. Whose phone number did the man dial?

20. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

21. Why did the man make this call?

22. Who was probably calling on another line?

Conversation Two

W: Excuse me. Is this seat taken?

M: No, it?s not taken.

W: Oh, thank you.

M: Oh, let me help you with the suitcase.

W: Thanks a lot.

M: Do you want to sit by the window?

W: No, no. I like the aisle (走廊) seat better. Please, you sit by the window.

M: My name is Smith, Malcolm Smith. Pleased to meet you.

W: I?m Elsa Pinter. How do you do?

M: Do you live in New York?

W: No, I?m from Florida.

M: I am, too. But didn?t you just get on?

W: No. I just changed my seat. A man next to me was smoking, and smoke really bothers me. (23) Where are you from in Florida?

M: Orlando.

W: Small world. I’m from Orlando, too.

M: Really? What part?

W: My husband and I live near Spaceport.

M: I know that area. My house is only a few miles from Spaceport. Do you still live there?

W: Oh, yes, yes. My husband?s there now. He couldn?t take time off to come to New York with me.

Do you still live there?

M: No. I sold the house and the furniture, put a few personal things in an old trunk (旅行箱), and shipped it to my children in New York. That?s my destination.

W: Are you married?

M: (24) My wife died four years ago. She was a wonderful woman. A real friend.

W: I?m sorry.

M: Lots of wonderful memories. We were married almost fifty years. Well, forty-seven, to be exact.

W: (25) John and I celebrate our fortieth anniversary (周年纪念日) next month.

M: Oh, congratulations! That?s nice.

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you’ve just heard.

23. Where did the two speakers come from?

24. Which of the following is NOT true according to the conversation?

25. How long has Elsa been married to her husband?

Section B

Passage One

(26) Our family is trying to decide where to go for our vacation this summer. Our son Tom wants to go to Yellowstone Park again to see the bears. We did that last summer, and what an experience it was!

When we got there we put up our tent and went to explore. (27) As we returned, we heard our daughter Susie cry out and then we saw a bear enter our camp. Tom wanted his father to chase him away. His father said, “No! It?s dangerous to chase a bear. And don?t let him chase you.” Susie said, “What shall we do? Maybe we ought to climb a tree.” Tom said, “No, we?ve got to get him out of there. He might go to sleep in our tent.”“Maybe we could make him leave if we put some honey outside for him to eat,” Susie suggested. Then I said, “How are you going to get the honey? It?s in the tent.”

(29) We watch the bear enter the tent and heard him upset everything inside. “It?s foolish for us to try to catch him,” said my husband. “Leave him alone and wait for him to come out.” (28) We waited, but the bear stayed inside. We had to sleep in the car.

Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.

26. Where have the family decided to go in the vacation this summer?

27. Who do you think saw the bear first?

28. What did they do when they saw a bear enter their tent?

29. What did the bear do in the tent?

Passage Two

For many years, T-shirts were simple short-sleeved undershirts for men and boys. T-shirts used to be of one color —white. And since they were worn under shirts, they were generally not seen.

Today the T-shirt has become fashionable. It can be seen everywhere and on everyone. Women and little children wear T-shirts as do teenagers, university students, and men from all walks of life. T-shirts are worn on playground, at the beach or in town. They can also be worn for work. Yet T-shirts remain relatively inexpensive and long wearing, as well as easy to care for. (31) Smart but comfortable and convenient to wear, they have become one of America’s newest ideas on fashion.

Although T-shirts are now available in a wide variety of bright materials and styles, (30) the most popular kind is the traditional cotton T-shirts with a slogan or picture printed on the front. A T-shirt may bear a single word, a popular phrase, pictures of popular singers, or an advertisement. (32) As T-shirts are becoming more and more popular, new designs are coming up all the time.

Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.

30. What is the most popular kind of T-shirt?

31. Why do people like to wear T-shirts so much today?

32. What is being done to make T-shirts more attractive?

Passage Three

I flew to San Francisco to take care of some business with Mr. Jordan. (33) But as soon as I arrived, I got sick and couldn’t meet with him. I had to call our appointment off. Then, when I felt better I thought about visiting him at his home, but he lived too far away. I tried to telephone him during office hours, but he was busy. The receptionist said that Mr. Jordan would call me back, but he didn?t. (34) I gave up trying to make a new appointment because it would take more time and effort than I wanted to spend.

A few days later, I saw a man on the street who looked like Mr. Jordan, and I called out to him. It was someone else. When I returned to my hotel that day, I found a message, which said that Mr. Jordan had gone out of town on some sudden unexpected business. (35) I was sorry I had missed seeing him, but I really enjoyed my sightseeing in San Francisco.

Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

33. Why couldn?t the speaker meet Mr. Jordan when he got to San Francisco?

34. Why did the speaker give up making another appointment?

35. What do we learn from the story?

Section C

It?s difficult to imagine the sea ever running out of fish. It?s so vast, so deep, so (36) mysterious. Unfortunately, it?s not bottomless. Overfishing, (37) coupled with destructive fishing practices, is killing off the fish and (38) ruining their environment.

Destroy the fish, and you (39) destroy the fishermen?s means of living. At least 60 (40) percent of the world?s commercially important fish (41) species are already over-fished, or fished to the limit. As a result, governments have had to close down some areas of sea to commercial fishing.

Big, high-tech fleets (42) ensure that everything in their path is pulled out of water. Anything too small, or the wrong thing, is thrown back either dead or dying. That?s an (43) average of more

than 20 million metric tons every year.

(44) When you consider that equals a quarter of the world catch, you begin to see the size of the problem.

In some parts of the world, for every kilogram of prawns (对虾) caught, up to 15 kilograms of unsuspecting fish and other marine wildlife die, simply for being in the wrong place at the wrong time.

True, (45) some countries are beginning to deal with this problem, but it’s vital we find a rational way of fishing, before every ocean becomes a dead sea. (46) It would make sense to give the fish enough time to recover, grow to full size and reproduce, then catch them in a way that doesn?t kill other innocent sea life.

Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)

Section A

该文开始提出当今严重的下岗问题，接着通过说理论证了下岗是当前经济改革的必然结果。然而，下岗又是暂时的，新的经济体制必将发挥每个人的才智。最后，该文针对下岗工人的再就业提出了两条建议。

47. J) 冠词后应是一名词。经济改革只能是“发展、深化”。

48. I) 这里应该用动词的过去分词形式。it is reported…意思是“据报道……”。

49. N) 从上文知道全国几乎有三分之一的工人下岗，因此成为严重问题的应该是“失业”。

50. H) current在这里意思是“当前的，目前的”。

51. O) 名词前应该用一形容词。上文提到一些问题必然会出现，因此下岗的出现就是“必然”

结果了。

52. L) management system意思“管理体制”。

53. G) 这里应该是不定式作表语。practice意思是“实施，贯彻”。

54. K) be动词后应该是形容词。下文提到这种新的体制会充分发挥每个人的聪明才智，因此

失业只是“暂时的”。

55. D) 冠词后面应是一名词。必须消除的是“铁饭碗”这一“观念”。

56. C) 情态动词should后是一动词。equp…with…意思是“以……装备……”。

Section B

Passage One

这是一篇论说文。文章主要论及我们经常崇拜的英雄到底是什么样子的。他们共性在于能够教育、激励人们。他们的事迹值得称道，他们的力量可以感召人们，人们纷纷效仿他们。他们的追求与目标不同于麦当娜和迈克尔·杰克逊的。当然英雄也是变革的催化剂。

57. C) 细节理解题。第二段(Para. 2)Despite immense differences in cultures, heroes around the

world generally share a number of characteristics that instruct and inspire people.英雄人物的共性：教育、激励人们的特征。

58. D) 细节理解题。(Para. 4) 第四段中，作者将英雄人物比作high-voltage transformers是因

为英雄人物本身具备高能量，但他们又知道将这种高能量进行变压调整以使得常人都能用得上，而这一些都是在论证本段的论点，即本段首句。而D)与其寓意相同。59. C) 细节推断题。(Para. 5) 第五段提到麦当娜与迈克尔·杰克逊虽是名人但不能被看做英

雄人物，因为他们追求的是自己的功名而不能给人以生活的激情，不能深刻地感悟生

活，他们的fans恐怕不会因为去模仿他们而使自己的生活更充实、丰富，此意与C)相符。

60. A) 细节推断题。(Lines1~2, Para.6) 最后一段主要论及英雄人物对于变革的作用，甘地和

马丁·路德·金的例子也是用来说明上文的，而且文中说到若没有甘地，印度可能还是英帝国的一部分；没有马丁·路德·金，美国还会有种族隔离，这些都说明他们对于变革的伟大作用，而实际上这种变革就是解决人民所面临的问题。

61. D) 细节题。(Lines5~6, Para.6)最后一句话说到若没有有魅力的领导，大的变革也会出现，

但是变化的节奏会变慢，前景不明朗而且会议会无休无止。

Passage Four

这是一篇说明文。本文说到随着消费者更加富有而且对国外更多的了解使得他们更挑剔，在竞争的机制下，对消费者的服务质量提高。另外私有业主或是垄断者现在也因怕受到消费者的”报复”而改善服务质量。

62. B) 推断题。(Para. 1)第一段主要说到以色列人尤其是曾到外国游历过的以色列人对服务

质量要求更苛刻，以色列的公司、企业也都注意到了这一问题，另外，国外竞争同行的涌入，迫使他们提高服务质量；(Para. 2)第二段说到，服务质量不好，顾客会”报复”。

63. A) 细节题。(Para. 1) 第一段主要提及竞争对提高服务质量的重大推动作用，尤其是本段

最后Cohen所说的话”Nothing happens without competition”都说明A)为正确选项。

64. C) 细节题。(Lines7~8, Para.2)第二段倒数第三句, “Now，appointments are scheduled to

the half-hour”说明现在若出现停电问题，最多不过半个小时就可享受到服务。

65. A) 细节推断题。(Lines8~9, Para.2) The graceless El A1 Airlines, which is already at auction,

has retrained its employees to emphasize service, 已经重新培训雇员，强调服务。66. D) 细节题。(Lines3~4, Para.2)提到Bezaq国际分部丧失了40％的市场份额，是作为一个

因为服务质量不佳而遭到报复的例子。

Part V Cloze

67. A) 第一段是对language的一个界定或定义(definition)，第二段中，作者想做一个更具体

的解释。B) perception: 感觉，觉察（力）；认识，观念，看法

C) function: 功能，作用D) classification: 分类，归类

68. C) it is…that是强调结构，只是中间插入了more than anything else而已。

69. C) 句中说man有别于其他的……，这说明man也是the … world一个组成部分，而且下

一段开头即用了other animals可知man与其他的动物相比较，也就是选C)。

70. B) by means of sth．通过……途径(手段) （固定用法）。

也可根据73题空格后these various means of communication的提示。

71. A) 空格后的介词短语at the approach of danger提醒我们，许多鸟在此时发出的应该是

warning，也就是告诫性的叫声。

B) mating: 交配的C) exciting: 令人激动的D) boring: 乏味的

72. D) 空格73后用various 一词，因此选different用来表达猴子的anger, fear和pleasure。

C) identical: 相同的，等同的

73. C) 作者前文中已说明人的声音与动物叫声有差异，所以此处应选表转折关系的But，即

鸟类，猴子等的叫声有别于人类语言。

74. B) differ from：与……有所不同。

75. B) express与thoughts and feelings构成动宾关系，说明动物的叫声不能清楚地“表达”

思想与情感。

76. A) 词组enable sb．to do sth．结构，说明动物缺乏一个将人类发声与……区分开来的框

架体系。

77. D) 上题中说到动物缺乏一个基本的体系结构将人的发声与言语区别开来，而speech仅

指人所具备的语言能力。

78. C) replace … with …：用……来代替／替换（固定词组）。

79. B) 前文中one word相对于another (word)而使用，即用另一个词来代替原文中的一个词。

80. A) 根据题意此处应选择一个表示顺承关系的连词，只有A) and符合题意。

81. B) which引导非限定性定语从句，修饰前边的a single alarm cry。

82. D) signals与make构成动宾搭配，此处用来指动物通过声音所发出的“信号”是非常有

限的。

83. B) a case in point：恰如其分的例子（固定用法）。

84. D) 上下文的逻辑关系，上文说动物所发出的声音很有限，而(whereas)人类语言的数量

则是无限的。

85. B) 本段开头说到动物发出的信号数量是limited（有限的），因此人类语言与动物的叫声

比较是limitless（无限的）。

86. A) 85题题解中已指出，动物能够发出的叫声、信号是有限的；75题处也指出动物不能

清晰地表达思想感情，因此它们发出的叫声在意思上都是不具体的(not specific)，即general。

Part VI Translation

87. as the case might be (习惯表达法，也可以说depending on the situation)

88. they have not yet put military strike on the agenda / they have not yet seriously considered

launching a military strike (“将……提上议事日程”(put…on the agenda); “（实施）军事打击”(military strike, to launch a military strike))

89. You should not have eaten so/that much. // You should have known better than to eat so

much. // You ought to have eaten less. (用should或者ought to加上have +动词过去分词，对做过的事情进行责备)

90. to prevent the Iranian nuclear crisis from getting/spinning out of control (横线前的efforts

要求后面跟上动词不定式; 词汇有“防止”(stop, prevent)，“失控”(get/spin out of control)，“伊朗（的）”(Iran, Iranian), “核”(nuclear)，“危机”(crisis))

91. As luck would have it / As chance would have it (习惯表达法。这两种表达法通常都表示

happening in a way that was not expected or intended，因此，根据情况，可能是“不凑巧”，也可能是“凑巧”，类似的说法还有be in luck)

2016年10月现代汉语真题带的答案解析

2015年10月现代汉语真题 一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分。在每小 题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。） 1．汉语不靠词的形态变化来表示词与词的语法关系，而靠语序和虚词来表达语法关系，是（）。 A．综合语 B．黏着语 C．孤立语 D．屈折语 【答案】C 【解析】汉语属于孤立语，没有丰富的形态变化，语序和虚词是表达语法关系的主要手段，不像印欧语系中的屈折语那样，词与词的语法关系主要靠词本身的形态变化来表示。 【考点】绪论——现代汉语的特点 2．现代汉民族共同语的语音标准是（）。 A．天津语音 B．北京语音 C．上海语音 D．长沙语音 【答案】B 【解析】现代汉民族共同语以北京语音为标准音，以北方话为基础方言，以典范的现代白话文著作为语法规范。 【考点】绪论——汉语的规范化和汉语课程的学习 3．属于单元音韵母的是（）。 A．本 B．白 C．不 D．别 【答案】C 【解析】A项的韵母是由元音带辅音构成的，B、D两项的韵母是复元音韵母。 【考点】语音——韵母 4．下列音节中，调值为214的是（）。 A．定 B．梨 C．开 D．猛 【答案】D 【解析】A项的调值是51，B项的调值是35，C项的调值是55。 【考点】语音——声调

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