作文：数学家托姆“火种”实用与审美2

阅读下面的材料，根据要求写作。(60分)

勒内·托姆是法国著名数学家。有一次,他同两位古人类学家讨论问题。谈到远古的人们为什么要保存火种时，一位人类学家说，因为保存火种可以取暖御寒;另外一位人类学家说，因为保存火种可以烧出鲜美的肉食。而托姆说，因为夜幕来临之际，火光灿烂多姿，是最美最美的。

要求:综合材料内容及含意，选好角度，确定立意，明确文体，自拟标题;不要套作，不得抄袭;不少于800字。

【审题参考】

一.作文题型:

这是一道暗含权衡比较的思辨类材料作文，特点:有比较评价，有辩证分析;有对材料的解剖，也需围绕材料发散引申。

命题指向:培养学生的审美意识。

二.材料梳理。

论辩话题:保存火种的意义。

双方看法:

第一类人“古人类生存学家”:取暖御寒、烧出鲜美的肉食(实用角度);

第二类人“数学家”:夜幕来临之际，火光灿烂多姿，是最美最美的。(审美角度)

三.立意难点:

厘清“温饱吃好”属于“物质”实用范畴;“灿烂火光”是“精神之美”的象征。另外，要注意:两种观点不是并列关系，材料中“而托姆说”中的“而”就强调了写作的重心所在;两种观点也不是非此即彼的零和关系，而是“不仅要”“更要”的递进关系。

四.写作核心要求:

综合材料内容及含意，选好角度，确定立意。其中“综合”二字最为重要，它要求考生立意必须统观全局，高处着眼，，不能囿于一词一句，不能断章取义。因此，若考生全篇立足于大写特写“火种如何薪火相传”，那将有违命题的初衷。

五.多角度立意参考:

(一).从古人类生存学家角度:①.物质是人类生存的第一需要;②.实用,是物质的基本

特性。

(二).从数学家角度:

①.生活留心皆是美;②.不懂审美，世界与你无关;③.做一个“美”的发现者;④.要面包，更要水仙;⑤

⑥不畏浮云遮望眼，只缘心系大美中;⑦“我们不是只靠吃米活着;(中国.巴金)⑧..“世界上并不缺少美,而是缺少发现美的眼睛”(法国.罗丹)

(三)从辩证说理的角度:

①..实用诚可贵，求美价更高;

②追求实用无可厚非，善于审美境界更高

▲最佳角度:首选辩证分析角度，其次选数学家的角度。

六.写作重点:

首先，对两种观点进行比较，作出客观评价:实用和审美各自的意义、作用。这个黄金段落要辩证分析透彻:可以讲道理、联系现实，引用名言;可以正反对比。

黄金段落过渡词语:诚然…… ;但是(然而)……;所以(因此)……。

接着，选择“谈美”的一方，围绕材料引申说理:①.“人不是只靠吃米活着”。(中国.巴金)②.“世界上并不缺少美,而是缺少发现美的眼睛”(法国.罗丹)。

七.名言警句参考:

1.眼睛如果还没有变得像太阳，它就看不见太阳;心灵也是如此，本身如果不美也就看不见美。(古希腊.普洛丁)

2.一个关于美的判断，只要夹杂着极少的利害感在里面，就有偏爱而不是纯粹的欣赏判断了。(德国哲学家)康德

3.我们周围有光也有颜色，但是我们自己的眼里如果没有光和颜色，也就看不到外面的光和颜色了(德国诗人)歌德

4.如果缺乏审美，整个世界都与你无关。

5.假如你有两块面包，你得用一块去换一朵水仙花。(穆罕默德)

6. “我们不是只靠吃米活着。”(中国.巴金)

7.世界上并不缺少美,而是缺少发现美的眼睛(法国.罗丹)

8.当美的灵魂与美的外表和谐地融为一体，人们就会看到，这是世上最完善的美。(古希腊.柏拉图)

9.一个具有纯洁的美感的人能充分地欣赏自然，决不会在自然的美中找出什么缺陷。(俄国.车尔尼雪夫斯基)

【考生例文】

1.实用诚可贵，审美价更高

对于古人类为何保存火种的问题，古人类学家认为此举是为物质需求，这是从实用角度来说的。而数学家托姆给出了截然不同的答复:火光灿烂多姿，是最美最美的。无疑，托姆是从审美的角度来考量。

诚然，作为一般生物而言，物质的实用价值十分宝贵，但对于人类而言，仅有实用是不够的，人应该还有更高的审美追求。因此，我认为，实用诚可贵，审美价更高。

物质的一大基本属性便是实用。人生在世，离不开物质，正是物质的诸多实用价值才得以维系人的生存，就这一方面来说，物质的实用性是不可或缺的。没有实用物质，何谈生存?何谈发展?物质是一切可能性的起点，是我们生存的必备条件。

但仅此就足够了吗?我们生而为人，如果仅仅是为生存，便与世上其它生物何异?我们应该还肩负其他使命，譬如我们首先应该习得生活之道，一种高于物质生存的存在形式，我们应为满足精神上、审美上等高层次的需求而存在，而奋斗，这使得我们作为生物却具有了与其它物种截然不同的能力--创造。我们因求美而独特，因求美而智慧。历史上多次为求美为求乐而产生的矛盾，而引发的思想运动使人类思想更活跃、更智慧。实用诚然可贵，求美价更高，因为它使人类成为独特的存在，使大类不断进步，成为精神上的巨人。

求美思想是人类进步的推动力，提高审美、思考能力自然也是我们在人群中脱颖而出的一大方式。至于如何提高相关能力，我认为，懂得发现美是最为基础，也最为重要的一步。世界上不缺少美，只是缺少发现美的眼睛，因而比起创造美，发现美对人而言便显得格外重要。夜空中的火光便是一种美，潮涨潮落、侯鸟群飞也是一种灵动的美，甚至于灾难前的互相帮助，困境中的相互扶持，更是一种可贵是人性之美。懂得发现和欣赏生活中的种种人情、人性、人格之美，才能更为深入地领略生活之道并借此创造更多的生活之美。人的精神境界才能更臻完善。

除了发现美以外，同样重要的是要学会抵御物质功利性所带来的诱惑。倘若深陷入功利之中，只是一味追求所谓物质财富，发现美的双眸极有可能因此而合上，更有可能在放纵物质欲望之路上越走越远。这样的生存方式并非是在求美，而是在践踏美。在求美的道路上,物质财富的增长是附带的结果，绝不是我们生活的最终目标。不被功利遮望眼，才能追求真善美，想要获得精神上的享受,，就必须尽可能地避免陷入功利的泥谭。

实用诚可贵，审美价更高。生而为人，懂得在浮世中尽享美、创造美，其灵魂也终将是剔透而美丽的。

2.我们不是单靠吃米活着

火对于人类来说十分重要，而关于人为何要保存火种存在不同的看法，人类学家认为火可以取暖御寒，火可以烧出鲜美的肉食。而数学家托姆说，夜幕来临之际，火光灿烂多姿，是最美最美的。那么我们应该如何理解这句话呢?

我认为托姆的话与巴金先生的名言“我们不是单靠吃米活着”有异曲同工之妙。他们都强调了精神生活的重要。托姆认为物质并不仅仅存在实用价值，更存在审美价值;巴老认为

人生在世，离不开物质生活，更应有精神追求。这就告诉我们，在丰富了日常的物质需求时，我们更要关注精神屋面的需求，而学会审美就是满足精神需求的一条捷径。

生活中不缺少美，而是缺少发现美的眼睛。正如德国伟大思想家、诗人歌德所说:我们周围有光也有颜色，但是我们自己的眼里如果没有光和颜色，也就看不到外面的光和颜色了。

许多人仅关注着物品如何实用，用在何处恰到好处，但很少有人关注事物从哪个角度看上去是美的。我们不能将自身局限在物质的使用价值上，我们要寻求突破，从物质上的满足突破至精神上的享受，物品的实用让我们取暖御寒、饱肚充饥，物品的审美价值更能让我们精神愉悦，让生活变得多姿多彩。所以，当我们在观察这个世界时，我们要能跳出实用功利的层面去探寻事物的审美价值，以此来丰富我们的精神世界。

当然，能丰盈我们精神的不只有美，还有蕴含其中的许多思想文化精神。中国古代春秋战国时期有百家争鸣，西方有文艺复兴、启蒙运动，他们都丰富了我们的精神层面，我们从五湖四海中吸纳不同的思想文化，在不断地认知世界的过程中，不断地使自己的精神世界变得丰富多彩。记得以前读过一篇文章名为《窃读记》，作者林海音在文中写到，“目的地不是饭店,而是饭店旁的一家书店”，可以看出作者在精神上的需求远高于物质层面的需求。

诚然，精神上的满足远没有物质上的满足来得快捷，甚至，在这个快节泰的时代，人们常常因此只满足于物质而放弃追求精神。但是人如果只有物质上的满足，生话便会变得空虚，如果懂得去追求精神层面的富足，那么，生活会因此更多彩。

我们不是单靠吃米活着。我们的生活因为有物质保障而远离饥寒，但我们的生活如果有了精神追求定会增光添彩。

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