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2016年高考真题----英语(全国卷Ⅰ)

2016年高考真题----英语(全国卷Ⅰ)
2016年高考真题----英语(全国卷Ⅰ)

2016年高考真题----英语(全国卷Ⅰ)

第I卷

第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)

第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)

第一节(共15小题:每小题2分,满分30分)

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?

Jane Addams (1860-1935)

Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community (社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.

Rachel Carson (1907-1964)

If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environmental m ovement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans.

Sandra Day O’Connor (1930-present)

When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator (参议员) and, in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. O’Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.

Rosa Parks (1913-2005)

On December 1. 1995, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,” said Parks.

21. What is Jane Addams noted for in history?

A. Her social work.

B. Her teaching skills.

C. Her efforts to win a prize.

D. Her community background.

22. What was the reason for O’Connor’s being rejected by the law firm?

A. Her lack of proper training in law.

B. Her little work experience in court.

C. The discrimination against women.

D. The poor financial conditions.

23. Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the U.S.?

A. Jane Addams.

B. Rachel Carson.

C. Sandra Day O’Connor

D. Rosa Parks.

24. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?

A. They are highly educated.

B. They are truly creative.

C. They are pioneers.

D. They are peace-lovers.

21.【解析】A

信息概括题。根据第二段“…a social worker”可明显得出答案,故A正确。

22.【解析】C

细节题。根据第四段“She could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.”可知,原因在于对女性的歧视,故C正确。

23.【解析】D

细节题。根据第五段“…kicked off the civil-rights movement” 可知,Rosa Park推动了民权运动,故D正确。

24.【解析】C

推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize”;第三段第一句“If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environment movement might not exist today”;第四段第二句“… the first woman to join the U.S Supreme Court”;最后一段第三句“… kicked off the civil-rights movement”,可知,四位女性都是历史上的先锋,故C正确。

B

Grandparents Answer a Call

As a third-generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never planned to move away. Even when her daughter and her son asked her to move to San Antonio to help with their children, she politely refused. Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms. Garza finally say yes. That was four years ago. Today all three generations regard the move a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.

No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to their children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President Obama’s mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study, , 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson’s decisi on will influence grandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family.

“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough, fast enough to prove we could do it on ou r own,” says Christiane Crosby, publisher of Graza magazine for grandparents. “We now realize how important family is and how

important to be near them, especially when you’re raising children.”

Moving is not for everyone. Although every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling but giving up the life you know may be harder.

25. Why was Garza’s move a success?

A. It strengthened her family ties.

B. It improved her living conditions.

C. It enabled her to make more friends.

D. It helped her know more places.

26. What was the reaction of the public to Mrs. Robinson’s decision?

A. 17% expressed their support for it.

B. Few people responded sympathetically.

C. 32% believed it had a bad influence.

D. The majority suggested it was a trend.

27. What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?

A. They were unsure of themselves.

B. They were eager to raise more children.

C. They wanted to live away from their parents.

D. They had little experiences for their grandparents.

28. What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph?

A. Make the decisions in the best interest of their own.

B. Ask their children to pay more visits to them.

C. Sacrifice for their struggling children.

D. Get to know themselves better.

25.【解析】A

细节题。定位首段末句由“Today all three generations regard the move a success, giving them a closer relations hip than they would have had in separate cities”可知答案。26.【解析】D

细节题。定位第二段,由“83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson’s decision will influence grandparents in the American family. ”可知,约83%的人认为Mrs. Robinson的决定会影响美国的很多祖父母,说明不是17%而是83%的人支持,排除A;B选项文中未提及;83%的人支持,说明认为有很坏影响的人占的比例不可能超过17%;D选项符合文意。

27.【解析】C

推断题。由第三段首句“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough, fast enough to prove we could do it on our own”可推断20世纪60年代的时候,人们想要离开家去证明自己的能力但现实并不允许,心里其实是想离开家的,C选项正确。

28.【解析】A

推断题。由最后一段“but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling but giving up the life you know may be harder”可知有时候对祖父母来说,和孩

子孙子们住在一起并非就是好的选择,反而不住在一起而是频繁去探访子孙会更好,因为这样就不需要改变祖父母自己熟知的生活方式,由此可推测出作者的建议祖父母是否搬去和子孙一起住最好从祖父母的需求出发,选择A。

C

I am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem cell courier. Since March 2012, I’ve done 89 trips – of those, 51 have been abroad, I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干细胞)in my little box becau se I’ve got two ice packs and that’s how long they last. In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者)to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we’ve got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time.

I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the check - in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said: “well, I’m really sorry, I’ve got some bad news for you - there are no flights from Washington.” So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said: “In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient - please, please, you’ve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.” She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me, re-routed(改道)me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.

For this courier job, you’re consciously aware that in that box you’ve got something that is potentially going to save somebody’s life.

29. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph 1?

A.provider

B. delivery man

C. collector

D. medical doctor

30. Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42 hours?

A. He cannot stay away from his job too long.

B. The donor can only wait for that long.

C. The operation needs that much time.

D. The ice won’t last any longer.

31. Which fight did the woman put Peter on first?

A. To London.

B. To Newark.

C. To Providence.

D. To Washington.

29.【解析】B

词义猜测题。根据第一段第二行carry stem cells 可知,作者是运送细胞的人,所以选择B选项,delivery man。

30.【解析】D

细节题。从第一段第三行“because I’ve got two ice packs and that’s how long they last.”可以知道选择D选项,“the ice won’t last any longer.”

31.【解析】B

细节题。由原文第三段倒数第二行“re-routed me through Newark”可知,答案选B。

D

The meaning of silence carries among culture groups. Silence may be thoughtful, or

they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or, worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs.

Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.

Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority, persons in Asian culture may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.

Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.

32. What does the author say about silence in conversations?

A. It implies anger.

B. It promotes friendship.

C. It is culture-specific

D. It is content-based

33. Which of the following people might consider silence as a call for careful thought?

A. The Chinese.

B. The French.

C. The Mexicans.

D. The Russians.

34. What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?

A. Let it continue as the patient pleases.

B. Break it while treating patients.

C. Evaluate its harm to patients.

D. Make use of its healing effects.

35. What may be the best title for the text?

A. Sound and Silence

B. What it means to be silent

C. Silence to Native Americans

D. Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold

32.【解析】C

推测题。原文定位第一段, 可以得知A选项不全面,沉默不只代表一个意思;同理,可排除B选项;此段反复强调“Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups…”,“ Persons in other cultural groups value…” 可得知,沉默在不同文化中的意义是不同的,而不是根据对话内容变化的,由此可以排出D,得出正确答案C。

33.【解析】A

细节题。题干的意思是“在哪国人的文化中,沉默代表要求对方仔细考虑?”定位第二段“ Therefore…person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.” 中文意思为,在中国和泰国文化中,silence代表说话人想在继续会话之前让倾听者考虑他说过的话。所以可以得出答案A。

34.【解析】D

细节题。对应文章最后一段。答案可以在段落主题句中可以分析出来—第一句和最后一句。尤其是最后一句“ A nurse who unders tands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients…”作者认为,了解沉默的治愈价值有助于更好地照顾病人。所以,是建议护士利用沉默的治愈价值的。而A,B选项出现在第2句so that后面的部分。用了否定词not,是作者所不建议的。C选项在文中并未提及。

35.【解析】B

主旨题。文章为总分的结构,可从第一段入手。定位文章第一句“The meaning of si lence caries among culture groups.” 即可得知全篇都在讲沉默代表的意义,不同的文化意义不同。文中并没提到声音与沉默的关系,所以不选A;文章讲了不同国家沉默代表的意义,不局限于Native Americans,排除C;而D 选项是一句谚语,“说话是银,沉默是金”,文章并没有对比两者的重要性。因此只能选B。

第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Secret codes (密码) keep messages private. Bank, companies, and government agencies use secret code in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.

People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code breaking never lags (落后) behind code making. The science of decoding and reading coded messages is called cryptography.

There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example, the first letters are “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”

38 You might represent each letter with a number, for example, let’s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “1 3 5 20 13 5”.

A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 39 For example, “bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me”. The message “bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me”. 40 However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.

A. It is very hard to break a code without a code book.

B. In any language, some letters are used more than others.

C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message.

D. As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.

E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.

F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.

G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of

the alphabet.

36.【解析】D

本题考察是逻辑关系,根据下一句“code breaking never lags behind code making”可知上一句是只要出现密码,就会有人去解码,故选D。

37.【解析】E

本题考察是句子之间的例证关系,从后面文章的举例中“For example, the first letters are ‘My elephant eats too many eels’ spell out the hidden message ‘Meet me.’ ”那么前一句应该是对例子的概括,即我们可以知道是运用每个单词的首字母来组成密码,E选项正确38.【解析】G

本题考察是文章的篇章结构,前一段是讲到了第一种方法,根据篇章结构,下一段应该是讲述第二种设置密码的方法,而根据该段的例子,即字母表中字母排列顺序转化成为数字信息,所以这里关键词是another way 还有alphabet,故选G。

39.【解析】F

本题考察的是逻辑关系,从上一句“To read the message of a real c ode, you must have a code book ”你需要借用解码书来找出密码单词所对应真正意思,F选项表示你应该找出解码书中密码所代表的词语,故F正确。

40.【解析】A

本题考察的是关键词以及转折关系,根据下一句出现“it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long, ” 这里出现了also hard,所以上一句关键词为hard;另外however表示转折关系,证明上一句与下一句表达的意思相反,即上一句应该没有解密书,是很难去完成解密工作,故A正确。

第三部分英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)

第一节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)

阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出可以填入空白处的选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A Heroic Driver

Larry works with Transport Drivers, Inc. One morning in 2009, Larry was 41 along 165 north after delivering to one of his 42 . Suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on. 43 he got closer, he found 44 vehicle upside down on the road. One more look and he noticed 45 shooting out from under the 46 vehicle. Larry pulled over, set the brake and 47 the fire extinguisher(灭火器). Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out.

The man who had his bright lights on 48 and told Larry he had 49 an emergency call. They 50 heard a woman’s voice coming from the wrecked (毁坏的) vehicle. 51 the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window. They told her to stay 52 until the emergency personnel arrived, 53 she

thought the car was going to 54 . Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move 55 she injured her neck.

Once fire and emergency people arrived, Larry and the other man 56 and let them go to work. Then, Larry asked the 57 if he was needed or 58 to go. They let him and the other man go.

One thing is 59 -Larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle! His 60 most likely saved the woman’s life.

41.A. walking B. touring C. traveling D. rushing

42.A. passengers B. colleagues C. employers D. customers

43.A. Since B. Although C. As D. If

44.A. each B. another C. that D. his

45.A. flames B. smoke C. water D. steam

46.A. used B. disabled C. removed D. abandoned

47.A. got hold of B. prepared C. took charge of D. controlled

48.A. came down B. came through C. came in D. came over

49.A. returned B. received C. made D. confirmed

50.A. then B. again C. finally D. even

51.A. Starting B. Parking C. Passing D. Approaching

52.A. quiet B. still C. away D. calm

53.A. for B. so C. and D. but

54.A. explode B. slip away C. fall apart D. crash

55.A. as if B. unless C. in case D. after

56.A. stepped forward B. backed off C. moved on D. set out

57.A. woman B. police C. man D. driver

58.A. forbidden B. ready C. asked D. free

59.A. for certain B. for consideration C. reported D. checked

60.A. patience B. skills C. efforts D. promise

41. C解析:travel along 开车行进。

42. D 解析:由deliver to可知Larry是在给他的“顾客”送货。

43. C 解析:A. since 自从,既然;B. although 虽然;D.if 如果C. as 当……时;文中

意思为“当他走近时……”,所以选C。

44. B 解析:前文he saw a car,走近之后,又发现了“另一辆”,故选another。

45. A 解析:此段最后一句“the fire was put out”可知此处因为“着火”,A. flame 火焰;

B. smoke 烟;

C. water 水;

D. steam 蒸汽。

46. B解析:A. used 用过的;B. disabled 报废的,不能使用的;C. removed 移走的;

D. abandoned 遗弃的;因为车内还有人,所以不能用abandoned,故选B。

47. A 解析:A. get hold of 抓住,拿到;B. prepare 准备;C. take charge of 掌管;D.

control 控制。

48. D解析:A. come down 下降;B. come through 经历,度过;C. come in 进来;

D. come over 过来。

49. C 解析:make an emergency call固定搭配,打电话。

50. A解析:“然后”他们听到了声音,表顺承,故选then。

51. D 解析:A. start 开始;B. park 停车;C. pass 通过,经过;D. approach 靠近。

52. B解析:stay still 静止不动,由上一句“try to get out of the window”和55空“should

not move”可知。

53. D 解析:“叫她保持不动,但是她担心车会爆炸”,表转折,所以用but。

54. A 解析:A. explode 爆炸;B. slip away 逃走;C. fall apart 崩塌;D. crash 撞毁。

55. C 解析:A. as if 好像;B. unless 除非;C. in case 以防万一;D. after 在……之

后。

56. B解析:A. step forward 走向前;B. back off 退后;C. move on 继续;D. set out

出发。

57. B 解析:本段最后一句they let him and the other man go,由they可推断应选复数

或集合名词,故选B。

58. D 解析:free to go 可以走了,自行离开。

59. A 解析:A. for certain 确信;B. for consideration 以供考虑;C. report 报告;D.

check 检查。

60. C 解析:A. patience 耐心;B. skill 技巧;C. effort 努力;D. promise 承诺。

第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)

阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 61 (attract).

So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where pocket money helps pay for research. I 62 (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be 63 (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back 64 my days on the TV show in the mid—1980s, 65 I was the first Western TV reporter 66 (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include 67 (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.

On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been selected by 68 mother. The nursery team switches him every few 69 (day) with his sister so that the one is being bottle-fed, 70 other is with mum – she never suspects.

61. attraction

【解析】本题考察attract的名词形式,熊猫是它最具吸引力的地方。

62. was allowed

【解析】本题考察词组be allowed to,我受允许亲密接触这些可爱的动物。

63. officially

【解析】本题考察official的副词形式,意为官方地,正式地。我将在伦敦的典礼上被正式授予这项头衔。

64. to

【解析】本题考察词组go back to,追溯到。

65. when

【解析】本题考察when引导时间状语从句。

66. permitted

【解析】本题考察动词的过去分词表被动,作后置定语。表示被允许用permitted。

67. introducing

【解析】本题考察动名词作宾语,introduce变为动名词形式introducing。

68. his

【解析】本题考察形容词性物主代词,根据上下文指代小公熊猫,故用his。

69. days

【解析】本题考察名词单复数;few表示很少的,几乎没有的,后面接可数名词复数。70. the

【解析】本题考察固定搭配,一个……另一个……the one… the other…。

第四部分写作(共两节满分35分)

第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(),并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。

修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

2. 只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。

My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. Though not very big, but the restaurant is popular in our area. It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people even had to wait outside. My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time. Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady.

【第一句】that→ where. 本题考察宾语从句,引导词在从句中充当地点状语,所以that改为where。

【第二句】去掉but. 本题考察连词,从属连词though与并列连词but不可以连用,所以去掉but。

【第四句】had→ have. 本题考察动词时态,根据上下文可知整篇文章描述的是现在的一般

性情况,应该用一般现在时,所以had改为have。

【第五句】honest→ honesty. 本题考察名词,根据句意“成功的关键是诚信”可知“诚信”应用名词形式,所以honest改为honesty。

【第六句】or→ and. 本题考察并列连词,由上下文句意可知,他确保fresh vegetables和high quality oil都需要使用,而不是二选一,所以or改为and。

【第六句】using→ used. 本题考察被动语态,根据句意“新鲜的蔬菜和高品质的油被用来

煮食物”可知应用被动语态,所以using改为used。

【第七句】dreams后加of. 本题考察动词短语搭配,“梦想做某事”应该是dream of doing sth.,所以在dreams 后加上of。

【第七句】the→ a. 本题考察冠词,根据上下文可知,句子意思为“在一段短暂的时间内”,并没有特指在哪一段时间,所以应该把the改为a。

【第八句】our→ his. 本题考察代词,根据上下文可知餐厅主人是我叔叔,所以应该把our

改为his。

【第八句】steady→ steadily. 本题考察副词,grow是一个动词,表示“发展”,应该用副词修饰,表示“稳定地发展”,所以把steady改为steadily。

第二节书面表达(满分25分)

假定你是李华,暑假想去一家外资公司兼职,已写好申请书和个人简历(resume)。给外教Ms. Jenkins写信,请她帮你修改所附材料的文字和格式(format)。

注意:

1. 词数 100 左右;

2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

范文(仅供参考)

Dear Ms. Jenkins,

I’m Li Hua and I plan to take a part-time job in a foreign company during the summer holiday. I have already filled in the application form and had my resume ready for it. However, I am not sure about the words and format. Therefore, I am writing to ask for your help and professional advice. Would you please spare some time to read through the materials attached? Would you mind finding out the mistakes in terms of words and format? Besides, I’d like you to correct the mistakes found in the materials. I would much

appreciate it if you could do me a favor.

I am looking forward to your reply.

Yours,

Li Hua

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