西安交通大学研究生综合英语(II)期末考试试题(b)

2005~2006学年第1学期

西安交通大学研究生综合英语(II)期末考试试题(b)

姓名学号英语班号

考场所在院系考试日期2006年1月5 日

Part One Vocabulary (20 points)

Direction: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentences. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blacking the corresponding letter with a pencil.

1. Starting with the ____ that there is life on the planet Mars, the scientist went on to develop his

argument.

A. premise

B. pretext

C. foundation

D. presentation

2. After several nuclear disasters, a ____ has raged over the safety of nuclear energy.

A. quarrel

B. suspicion

C. verdict

D. controversy

3. Their diplomatic principles completely laid bare their _____ for world conquest.

A. admiration

B. ambition

C. administration

D. orientation

4. The director gave me his _____ that he would double my pay if I did my job well.

A. explanation

B. obligation

C. assurance

D. certainty

5. The Christmas tree was decorated with shining ______ such as colored lights and glass balls.

A. ornaments

B. luxuries

C. exhibits

D. complements

6. The two most important ______ in making a cake are flour and sugar.

A. elements

B. components

C. ingredients

D. constituents

7. Cultural _____ indicates that human beings hand their languages down from one generation to

another.

A. translation

B. transition

C. transmission

D. transaction

8. We must look beyond _____ and assumptions and try to discover what is missing.

A. justifications

B. illusions

C. manifestations

D. specifications

9. No one imagined that the apparently _____ businessman was really a criminal.

A. respective

B. respectable

C. respectful

D. realistic

10. If nothing is done to protect the environment, millions of species that are alive today will have

become _______.

A. deteriorated

B. degenerated

C. suppressed

D. extinct

11. The ________ of the scientific attitude is that the human mind can succeed in understanding

the universe.

A. essence

B. texture

C. content

D. threshold

12. The old lady has developed a ________ cough which cannot be cured completely in a short

time.

A. perpetual

B. permanent

C. chronic

D. sustained

13. What the correspondent sent us is an ________ news report. We can depend on it.

A. evident

B. authentic

C. ultimate

D. immediate

14. Having had her as a professor and adviser, I can tell you that she is an _______ force

who pushes her students to excel far beyond their own expectations.

A. inspirational

B. educational

C. excessive

D. instantaneous

15. Some researchers feel that certain people have nervous systems particularly _______ to hot,

dry winds. They are what we call weather sensitive people.

A. subjective

B. subordinate

C. liable

D. vulnerable

16. Hurricanes are killer winds, and their ________ power lies in the physical damage they can do.

A. cumulative

B. destructive

C. turbulent

D. prevalent

17. In some countries, students are expected to be quiet and ________ in the classroom.

A. skeptical

B. faithful

C. obedient

D. subsidiary

18. In spite of the _______ economic forecasts, manufacturing output has risen slightly.

A. gloomy

B. miserable

C. shadowy

D. obscure

19. Body paint or face paint is used mostly by men in preliterate societies in order to attract good

health or to _______ disease.

A. set aside

B. ward off

C. shrug off

D. give away

20. The international situation has been growing _______ difficult for the last few years.

A. invariably

B. presumably

C. increasingly

D. dominantly

21. He_______ power and became the king of the country upon the death of his father.

A. presumed

B. resumed

C. consumed

D. assumed

22. My concerns are not on religious grounds or on the basis of a perceived ______ ethical

principle.

A. intrinsic

B. exotic

C. extol

D. inalienable

23. General Johnson and his soldiers were accused of _______ treatment of prisoners of war.

A. mild

B. brutal

C. fortunate

D. tranquil

24. These uses cannot be_______ now; nor are they likely to be in the near future.

A. justified

B. championed

C. concealed

D. confined

25. Her misery brought her to the _______ of tears.

A. vandalism

B. verge

C. vigorous

D. zealous

26. His constant attempts to _______ his colleagues’ achievement eventually cause his dismissal.

A. withdraw

B. diminish

C. restrain

D. confine

27. That situation made her_______ down a friend’s job offer and strike out on her own.

A. lie

B. hold

C. turn

D. keep

28. It is time to_______ this barbarous custom.

A. do away with

B. take away

C. get away with

D. put away

29. Between the hours of his _______ pursuit of knowledge, I feel there is many a “pause that

refreshes.” like a cool drink after a long distance travel.

A. arduous

B. warm-hearted

C. absurd

D. ambivalent

30. Everything he said was _______ by what happened later.

A. obtained

B. maintained

C. verified

D. displayed

31. The young woman ______ with an ordinary bank clerk because her parents would not let them

marry.

A. embittered

B. eloped

C. endeavored

D. estranged

32. She refused to be _______ with her younger brother who has no manners at all.

A. reconciled

B. receded

C. reprimanded

D. rudiment

33. The population in this little town is _______ Chinese.

A. commonly

B. regularly

C. predominantly

D. popularly

34. If profits should ________ in any field of production, the resulting increase in output would

cause price declines.

A. appear

B. emerge

C. cherish

D. conceal

35. His speech was careful and _______ but his words seemed to make no sense.

A. distinguished

B. distinct

C. distinctive

D. distinguishable

36. They decided to help the poor girl whose parents died in a car accident return to the classroom

by _______ money from the public.

A. slaying

B.soliciting (请求，招揽，乞求）

C. Sequestering（隐居）

D. sipping

37. Under the threat of terrorists’ attacks government has to _______ heaps of mails everyday.

A. sift through

B. sift out

C. sift in

D. sift down

38. The ability to laugh starts early, but it takes a lifetime to _______.

A. compliment

B. polish

C. perfect

D. accomplish

39. His excellent performance _________ him from the regular training.

A. excused

B.Hustled（催促）

C. Jostled（推撞）

D. Muttered （小声抱怨）

40. In order to _________ parents’ expectations, he did the best to achieve his goal to become an excellent student.

A. live up with

B. live up

C. live up to

D. live with

Part Two Error Identification (20 points)

This part consists of 20 sentences. For each of sentences, there is a mistake. You should identify it, and then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blacking the corresponding letter with a pencil.

41. Lake Michigan is the third large（largest) of the American Great Lakes and the only one lying wholly

A B C

within the United States.

D

42. Many films produced in the United States during(in)the 1930’s were set in the American Civil

A B C

War period and the years following them.

D

43. Children who form a positive self-concept are more assertive, optimistic, confidence,

(confident) and

A B

sociable than those who do not.

C D

44. Intaglio( 凹雕艺术）printing is the oppose of relief printing, since the printing is done from ink that is

A B C

Below(under) the surface of the plate.

D

45. From the outset, the formulation and teaching of technique figured prominently in the

A B

development of American modern dancer.

C D

46. Oil sales, which may furnish a significantly fraction of the world’s future energy, vary in

A B

richness, yielding from four to fifty percent oil by weight.

C D

47. Government comprises the set of legal and political institutions that regulate the relationships

A

among members of a society and between the society or outsiders.

B C D

48. Niagara Falls is not only one of North America’s g reatest tourist attractions but also source

A B C D

of hydroelectricity.

49. Although the beaver is a powerful swimmer, it has difficulty(to) moves the logs and braches it

A B C

needs for building and for food.

D

50. True cedars are members of the pine family and are 120 to 150 feet tall, with erect cones and

A B C

bunches short, needlelike leaves.

D

51. Grandma Moses, the well-known American artist, began to paint at the age of 76 when she

A B C

could no long(er) do needlework because of arthritis.

D

52. In warm-blooded animals, body temperature are(is) maintained within narrow limits regardless

A B C

of the temperature of the animals’ surroundings.

D

53. Bret Harte, which(who)best-known works describe life in California in the mid-1800’s,

helped

A B shape the literary movement called local-color writing.

C D

54. With the Democrats’ adoption of economic radicalism in the 1890’s, and the Republicans

A B C

emerged as the majority party in the United States.

D

55. The more kinetic energy in the particles of a material, the hottest (hotter)the material is.

A B C D

56. Weather forecasting was of vital important(importance) in the seafaring and agricultural lives

led by the

A B C

seventeenth-century European colonists in what is now the United States.

D

57.One common herb of the mint family is thyme, the dried leaves and flowering tops of which is

A B C

used to flavor (ing)many different food.

D

58. Birds usually have very well-developed sense of sight, and the optic lobes of their brains are

A B C

correspondingly large.

D

59. Peter Cooper launched a number of successful commercial enterprise, including the Canton

A B

Iron Works in Baltimore, which produced the first commercially operated North American steam

C D

locomotive.

60. Fainting is caused by stoppage of the blood supply to brain, due to temporary heart fail from

A B C

shock, weakness, or exhaustion.

D

Part Three Reading Comprehension (40 Points)

Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by 4 questions. For each question there are four answers marked A, B, C, and D. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer for each of the questions. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blacking the corresponding letter with a pencil.

Questions 61 to 64 are based on the following passage:

The process of perceiving other people is rarely translated (to ourselves or others) into cold, objective terms. "She was 5 feet 8 inches tall, had fair hair, and wore a colored skirt." More often, we try to get inside the other person to pinpoint his or her attitudes, emotions, motivations, abilities, ideas, and characters. Furthermore, we sometimes behave as if we can accomplish this difficult job very quickly — perhaps with a two-second glance.

We try to obtain information about others in many ways. Berger suggests several methods for reducing uncertainties about others: watching, without being noticed, a person interacting with others, particularly with others who are known to you so you can compare the observed person's behavior with the known others' behavior; observing a person in a situation where social behavior is relatively unrestrained or where a wide variety of behavioral responses are called for; deliberately structuring the physical or social environment so as to observe the person's responses

to specific stimuli; asking people who have had or have frequent contact with the person about him or her; and using various strategies in face-to-face interaction to uncover information about another person — questions, self-disclosures (自我表露), and so on.

Getting to know someone is a never-ending task, largely because people are constantly changing and the methods we use to obtain information are often imprecise. Y ou may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him. If we accept the idea that we won't ever fully know another person, it enables us to deal more easily with those things that get in the way of accurate knowledge such as secrets and deceptions. It will also keep us from being too surprised or shocked by seemingly inconsistent behavior.

Ironically (讽刺性地), those things that keep us from knowing another person too well (e.g. secrets and deceptions) may be just as important to his development of a satisfying relationship as those things that enable us to obtain accurate knowledge about a person (e.g. disclosures and truthful statements).

61. The word "pinpoint" (Para. 1, Line 3) basically means "________".

A. appreciate

B. obtain

C. interpret

D. identify

62. What do we learn from the first paragraph?

A. People are better described in cold, objective terms.

B. The difficulty of getting to know a person is usually underestimated.

C. One should not judge people by their appearances.

D. One is usually subjective when assessing other people's personality.

63. It can be inferred from Berger's suggestions that ________.

A. people do not reveal their true self on every occasion

B. in most cases we should avoid contacting the observed person directly

C. the best way to know a person is by making comparisons

D. face-to-face interaction is the best strategy to uncover information about a person

64. In developing personal relationships, secrets and deceptions, in the author's opinion, are ____.

A. personal matters that should be seriously dealt with

B. barriers that should be done away with

C. as significant as disclosures and truthful statements

D. things people should guard against

Questions 65 to 68 are based on the following passage:

In the early days of nuclear power, the United States made money on it. But today opponents have so complicated its development that no nuclear plants have been ordered or built here in 12 years.

The greatest fear of nuclear power opponents has always been a reactor meltdown (堆内熔化). Today, the chances of a meltdown that would threaten U.S. public health are very little. But to

even further reduce the possibility, engineers are testing new reactors that rely not on human judgment to shut them down but on the laws of nature.

Now General Electric is already building two advanced reactors in Japan. But don't expect them ever on U.S. shores unless things change in Washington.

The procedure for nuclear power plants is a bad dream. Any time during, or even after, construction, an objection by any group or individual can bring everything to a halt while the matter is investigated or taken to court. Meanwhile, the builder must add nice-but-not-necessary improvements, some of which force him to knock down walls and start over. In every case where a plant has been opposed, the Nuclear Regulation Commission has ultimately granted a license to construct or operate. But the victory often costs so much that the utility ends up abandoning the plant anyway.

A case in point is the Shoreham plant on New Y ork's Long Island. Shoreham was a virtual twin to the Millstone plant in Connecticut, both ordered in the mid-'60s. Millstone, completed for $101 million, has been generating electricity for two decades. Shoreham, however, was singled out by antinuclear activists who, by sending in endless protests, drove the cost over $5 billion and delayed its use for many years.

Shoreham finally won its operation license. But the plant has never produced a watt of power. Governor Mario Cuomo, an opponent of a Shoreham start-up, used his power to force New Y ork's public-utilities commission to accept the following settlement: the power company could pass the cost of Shoreham along to its consumers only if it agreed not to operate the plant! Today, a perfectly good facility, capable of servicing hundreds of thousands of homes, sits rusting.

65. What has made the procedure for licensing nuclear power plants a bad dream?

A. The inefficiency of the Nuclear Regulation Commission.

B. The enormous cost of construction and operation.

C. The length of time it takes to make investigations.

D. The objection of the opponents of nuclear power.

66. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that _______.

A.it is not technical difficulties that prevent the building of nuclear power

plants in the U.S.

B.there are not enough safety measures in the U.S. for running new nuclear power plants

C. there are already more nuclear power plants than necessary in the U.S.

D.the American government will not allow Japanese nuclear reactors to be installed in the

U.S.

67. Any objection, however trivial it may be, can _______.

A. force the power companies to cancel the project

B. delay the construction or operation of a nuclear plant

C. cause a serious debate within the Nuclear Regulation Commission

D.take the builders to court

68. Governor Mario Cuomo's chief intention in proposing the settlement was to _______.

A. stop the Shoreham plant from going into operation

B. help the power company to solve its financial problems

C. urge the power company to further increase its power supply

D.permit the Shoreham plant to operate under certain conditions

Questions 69 to 72 are based on the following passage:

In another sign that Hispanics will dominate California's future, a university study has found the ethnics groups accounted for nearly half of all births in the state by the end of the last decade. Hispanic mothers had 247,796 of the 521,265 children born in California in 1998, or 47.5 percent, according to the University of California, Los Angeles study released in December 2001. Non-Hispanic Whites had 33.9 percent, followed by Asians and Pacific Islanders with 10.7 percent.

Blacks represented 6.8 percent of births and American Indians a half-percent of all births. California's future economic health depends upon those Hispanics, who soon will be the majority of young adults and hence the working force, says David Hayes-Bautista, director of the Center for the Study of Latino Health and Culture at UCLA.

The study, based on state health department statistics, confirms the ethnic shift that made 2001 the year California officially lost its White majority. The U.S. Census showed that Hispanics made up nearly a third while non-Hispanic Whites slipped to less than half of the state's total population of 33.9 million. California's experience is part of a “sea change” in the United States, where 23 states already have Hispanics as their largest ethnic minority. Dr. Harry Pachon sa ys, “Hispanics are becoming more prominent in everything from movies to politics, and that is good for the state. If there was no penetration of social and political institutions, then you would have an isolated minority and that's a recipe for social unrest. On the other hand, by the third generation one of every two Hispanics have married outside of their ethnic group. There's a Latinization of America but there's also an Americanization of Latinos. By third generation, a lot of them are losing their Span ish, they prefer American NFL to soccer.”

Overall, nearly 65 percent of all Hispanic mothers were immigrants, ranking them second to Asian and Pacific Islanders at more than 84 percent. The babies tend to grow up healthy as well. Studies have shown that at virtually all stages of life, Hispanics, at least in California, Arizona and Texas, tended to suffer fewer major health problems, such as heart attacks, cancer and strokes, than other ethnic groups, Hayes-Bautista noted. Only about 15 percent of Hispanic mothers were 19 years old or younger. By comparison nearly 17 percent of Blacks and 19 percent of American Indians were teen-agers. Non-Hispanic Whites had a figure of nearly 7 percent.

69. Hispanic mothers had _______ of the babies born in California in 1998.

A. 50%

B. 47.5%

C. 33.9%

D. 10.7%

70. David Hayes-Bautista believes that _______.

A. Hispanics will become the backbone of future Californian economy

B. the white culture will dominate California's future

C. the state government should keep control on the population growth

D. the population distribution should be somehow re-arranged

71. By 2001, California had _______.

A. more Hispanics than any other ethnic group

B. white people as minority

C. Non-Hispanic White is still the largest minority group by number

D. Asian population of 1/3

72. Which of the following statements is Dr. Harry Pachon most likely to agree with?

A. It's good that Hispanics are more involved in politics.

B. Social unrests are more likely to occur when one ethnics groups becomes overpowering.

C. Hispanics are more likely to marry within their own ethnic group.

D. Latinization of America is taking place faster than the Americanization of Latinos.

Questions 73 to 76 are based on the following passage:

More Americans are cohabiting —living together out of wedlock — than ever. Some experts applaud the practice, but others warn that playing house doesn’t always lead to marital bliss. At one time in America, living together out of wedlock was scandalous. Unmarried couples who “shacked up” were said to be “living in sin.” Indeed, cohabitation was illegal throughout the country until about 1970. (It remains illegal in 12 states, although the laws are rarely, if ever, enforced). Today, statistics tell a different tale. The number of unwed couples living together has risen to a new high — more than 4.1 million as of March 1997, according to the Census Bureau. That figure was up from 3.96 million couples the previous year and represents a quantum leap from the 430,000 cohabiting couples counted in 1960.

The bureau found that cohabiting is most popular in the 24-to-35 age group, accounting for 1.6 million such couples. Cohabitants say they live together primarily to solidify their love and commitment to each other, studies report. Most intend to marry; only 13 percent of cohabitants don’t expect to make their relationship legal. But the reality for many couples is different: Moving in doesn’t lead to “happily ever after.” 40 percent of cohabitants never make it to the altar. Of the 60 percent who do marry, more than half divorce within 10 years (compared with 30 percent of married couples who didn’t live together first).

Cohabiting partners are more unfaithful and fight more often than married couples, according to research by the Howard Center for Family, Religion and Society. Other studies have come to equally dour conclusions.

Still, experts predict the number of cohabiting couples is likely to grow. As the children of the

baby boomers come of age, they’re likely to defer marria ge, as did their parents. This will lead to more cohabitation and nontraditional families. Analyst Robert Knight of the Family Research Council agrees the trend will hold for the near future. Until people discover that living together has pitfalls, it won’t wane in popularity, says Knight, author of Age of Consent: The Rise of Relativism and Corruption of Popular Culture. Cohabiting has been portrayed with “careful neutrality” in the media, and Hollywood celebrities who move in and out of each other's homes set the standard.

But Warren Farrell, the San Diego-based author of Why Men Are the Way They Are, argues that living together is a good idea for a short period. “To make the jump from dating, when we put our best foot forward, to being married”—withou t showing each other the “shadow side of ourselves” — is to treat marriage frivolously, he says.

73. It is suggested in the passage that _______.

A. cohabitation is still illegal in some states in the US but people do it anyway

B. people believe it is sinful for unmarried couples to live together

C. most of married people have had some experience of cohabiting with someone

D. unmarried couples almost never encounter legal troubles for living together

74. Based on the numbers provided in the passage, it can be inferred that _______.

A. the number of cohabiting couples has gone up tremendously since the 1960s

B. cohabitation did not become legal in the United States until 1960

C. most of the couples living together eventually don’t get married

D. divorc e rate among the cohabitants is similar to that of the married couples who didn’t live

together first

75. In the year 1996, the number of people involved in cohabitations was ______.

A. 4.1 million

B. 3.96 million

C. 430,000

D. 1.6 million

76. Experts say the current trend of cohabitation will persist because ________.

A. young people today oftentimes come from broken families

B. people are often unaware of the danger of living together

C. people tend to follow the examples of Hollywood celebrities who are often involved in

cohabitation

D. both B and C

Questions 77 to 80 are based on the following passage:

One of the most authoritative voices speaking to us today is, of course, the voice of the advertisers. Its shrilling clamor dominates our lives. It shouts at us from the television screens and the radio loudspeakers; waves to us from every page of the newspaper; plucks at our sleeves on the escalator; signals to us from the road-side billboards all day and flashes messages to us in colored-lights at night. It has forced on us a whole new conception of the successful man, as a man no less than 20% of whose mail consists of announcements of giant carpet sales.

Advising has been among England's biggest growth industries since the war, in terms of the ratio of money earnings to demonstrate achievement. Why all this fantastic expenditure?

Perhaps the answer is that advising saves the manufacturers from having to think about the customer. At the stage of designing and developing a product, there is quite enough to think about without worrying over whether anybody will want to buy it. The designer is busy enough without adding customer-appeal to all his other problems of man —hours and machine tolerances and stress factors. So they just go ahead and make the thing and leave it to the advertiser to find eleven ways of making it appeal to purchasers after they finished it, by pretending that it gives status, or attracts love, or signifies manliness. If the advertising agency can do this authoritatively enough, the manufacturer is in clover (养尊处优).

Other manufacturers find advertising saves them from changing their product. And manufacturers hate change. The ideal product is or another, some alteration seems called for — how much better to change the image, the packet or the pitch made by the product, rather than go to all the inconvenience of changing the product itself.

77. According to the passage modern advertising is "authoritative" because of the way it _______ .

A. influences our image of the kind of person we ought to be like

B. interferes with the privacy of home life

C. continually forces us into buying things

D. distracts us no matter where we travel

78. The forms of advertising mentioned in Paragraph 1 would have least impact _______ .

A. in the rush hours

B. during working hours

C. before working hours

D. after working hours

79. The form of advertising which has best succeeded in giving personal status on the individual

makes use of _______ .

A. colored lights of all night

B. roadside billboards

C. the postal service

D. the wall space beside escalators

80. Advertisers are appreciated by manufacturers because they _______ .

A. advise them on ways of giving a product customer-appeal

B. accept responsibility for giving a product customer-appeal

C. advise them on the best time to go ahead with production

D. consult them during the design and development stages

Part ⅣCloze (20 points)

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A , B , C and D on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blacking the corresponding letter with a pencil.

Everything that the human has done and thought is 81__ with the satisfaction of 82__ felt needs and the assuagement of pain. One has to keep this constantly in mind if one wishes to understand spiritual 83__ and their development. Feeling and 84__ are the motive force behind all human 85__ and human creation, in however exalted a guise the latter may 86__ themselves to us. Now what are the feelings and needs that have led men to 87__ thought and belief in the widest sense of the words? A little consideration will 88__ to show us that the most 89__ emotions preside over the birth of religious thought and 90__. With 91__ man it is above all fear that 92__ religious notions—fear of hunger, wild beast, sickness, death. Since at this 93__ of existence understanding of causal connections is usually 94__ developed, the human mind 95__ illusory beings usually less analogous to itself on whose wills and actions these fearful happenings 96__. Thus one tries to secure the favor of these beings by carrying out actions and offering sacrifices which, according to the tradition 97__ down from generation to generation, propitiate them or make them well 98__ toward a mortal. In this sense I am speaking of a religion of fear. This, though not created, is in an important 99__ stabilized by the formation of special priestly caste which sets itself up as a mediator the people and the beings they fear, and erects hegemony on this 100__.

81. A. concerned B. varied C. developing D. believed

82. A. emotion B. deeply C. strongly D. intensely

83. A. act B. action C. movements D. idea

84. A. wish B. requirement C. aspiration D. longing

85. A. endeavor B. attempt C. experiment D. tempt

86. A. come B. present C. comply D. apply

87. A. religion B. belief C. religious D. peculiar

88. A. enough B. supply C. sufficient D. suffice

89. A. divergent B. varying C. varied D. terrified

90. A. experience B. circumstance C. affair D. incident

91. A. primary B. primitive C. intelligent D. pitiful

92. A. involves B. invoice C. evolves D. invokes

93. A. time B. period C. occasion D. stage

94. A. poorly B fully C. richly D. dramatically

95. A. produces B. creates C. tells D. transmits

96. A. repent B. competent C. depend D. suspended

97. A. past B. named C. looked D. handed

98. A. apposed B. disposed C. displayed D. proposed

99. A. degree B. extent C. grade D. tune

100. A. basis B. base C. ground D. land

西安交通大学2015年博士研究生入学考试英语试题

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