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大学英语六级考试高分得主经验谈:听力规范

大学英语六级考试高分得主经验谈:听力规范
大学英语六级考试高分得主经验谈:听力规范

大学英语六级考试高分得主经验谈:听力(四)

如何在听力中获取高分

六级听力主要包括听力理解和听写两部分。其中的听写分为听写填空 (Spot Dictation) 和复合式听写 (Compound Dictation) ,但这种考查形式在近年来出现的较少,从 1996 年 1 月到 2000 年 6 月的六级考试中,只有 1999 年 6 月的一次考试采用了 Compound Dictation 的形式,其他考试中都被改错 (Error Correction) 或简短回答 (Short Answer Questions) 所取代。因此在这里我想把讨论的重点放在听力理解上。六级考试的听力理解共20 题,考试时间为 20 分钟。这一部分分为两节:前 10 道题每题含有一组对话,对话后有一个问句就对话内容发问。后 10 道题分别安排在 3 篇听力材料之后,每篇后面有 3 ~ 4 个对短文内容发问的问句,每个问句为一题。

( 一 ) 对话题分析

六级考试中的对话题的对话内容主要是围绕着我们学生们非常熟悉的学习、工作、日常生活、娱乐、人际交往等内容展开。因此听力对话中的场景并不会给我们造成很大的障碍,那么在这些场景中,又具体考查什么类型的题目呢 ? 我总结了一下,大概可以分成以下几类:

1) 态度题

六级听力考试中所考查的态度题和 TOEFL 听力中的态度题有着明显的区别。在托福听力中如果是表示赞同语气,第二个人的讲话较为简短,多用习语;表示反对时,则多用委婉的方式间接表达。但在六级听力中,表示反对的方式则和 TOEFL 听力中的表示方式不尽相同。如2000 年 1 月的考题:

M : I think I'm going to give up playing tennis . I lost the game today .

W : Just because you lost , is that the reason to quit?

Q : What does the woman imply?

A)The man should take up a new hobby .

B)The man should stop playing tennis .

C)The man should stick to what he's doing .

D)The man should find the cause for his failure .

正确答案是 C 。这一题所考查的实际上就是第二个说话人对第一个说话人的话的态度。明显第二个人是通过反问语气来表明了她对第一个人的反对。但并非所有六级听力的试题都会以这种方式表示反对的。例如 1996 年 6 月

W : Would you like to go and see the new exhibit with us?

M : That's the last thing in the world I ever want to do .

Q : What does the man mean?

A)He is often asked to go and see exhibits .

B)He would like to go and see the exhibit .

C)He went to see the exhibit last year .

D)He definitely does not want to go.

正确答案是 D 。在这一道题中,第二个人就是以直接的方式拒绝了第一个人的邀请。在这种情况下,考试的考查点成为了短语和习惯用语,如这道题中的 "the last thing in the world I ever want to do" ,意为“我最不愿意做的事”。

表示赞同的情况则更为复杂,第二个人的话并不同于托福听力中常见的那样以简短的习惯用语加上语气来表达,而是包含了更多的信息量。例如 1997 年 6 月的这一题M : Bill Was a great guy . He was drowned while rescuing a child from the icy water of the river yesterday .

W : Well , as far as I know . that was not the first dangerous situation he was in .

Q : Which of the following best describes Bill?

A)Robust . B)Brave . C)Generous . D)Dangerous .

正确答案是 B 。这一题中 woman 所说的话实际上是附和甚至加强了 man 所说的话。但要理解 woman 的态度则必须明白她所说的这句话的句意,这也正表明了六级听力的考查要求:六级听力通常用较多的语言来阐明问题,要求考生不仅能听懂较多的信息,而且具有更强的概括和分析能力。

2) 信息题

这一类题型的特点是就对话中提供的特定信息 ( 如时间、地点、数字等 ) 提问,这主要是考查考生对日常会话的重点信息点的把握能力。例如, 1996 年 6 月的一道考题:M : How did your company do from July to September?

W :The sales dropped during July but increased steadily from August to September .

Q : Which graph do you think corresponds to the woman's reply?

正确答案是 B 。这一类就数字发问的题目考得并不多,但它要求考生对题目中所提到的细节能够清楚辨析,还要求考生在很短的时间内能够根据题目中所提供的信息做出简短的计算。其实在我看来,这一类考到细节的题目反而难度不高。因为这一类题目大多场景非常清晰,细节也突出,计算更是简单,因此遇到这一类题目,只要能做到沉着和集中注意力,一般都能够答对。

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