英语国家概况

F——1.People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country. T——2.The Severn River is the longest river of Britain ,which originates in Wales and flows through western England.

F——3.Today more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancient Welsh language. F——4.In terms of population and area,Northern Ireland is the second largest part of Britain. F——5.Although the climate in Britain is generally mild ,the temperature in northern Scotland often falls bellow-10℃in January.

T——6.The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo-Saxons.

T——7.The Celtic people were the earliest known inhabitants of Britain.

T——8.English evolved into what is now described as Modern English from the late 16th century. T——1.Birtish history before 55 BC is basically undocumented.

T——2.The Anglo Saxon came to Britain in the 5th century.

F——3.The chief or king of the Anglo Saxon tribes exercised power at their own will.

T——4.The Viking began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.

T——5.Henry Ⅱbuilt up a large empire which included England and most of france. F——6.The Magana Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and townspeople.

F——7.The Hundred Years‘War was a series of wars fought between the British and the Vikings for trade and territory.

T——8.In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions,Queen Elizabeth Ⅰactually defended the fruit the Reformation.

T——1.Conventions are regarded less important than the statutory law in the working of the England government.

F——2.The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history.

F——3.In reality,the British King or Queen is the house of all government powers.

F——4.The British Parliament is the law making body of the Commonwealth of Nations. F——5.The members of the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected.

T——6.The British Prime Minister is the leader of the minority party in Parliament.

F——7.Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political parties in Parliament.

T——8.The legal systems in England ,Wales,Scotland and Northern Ireland are much similar in terms of law,orgalizations and practice.

T——1.Britain was the first industrialized nation in the world.

T——2.The British economy experienced a relative decline during the postwar period.

F——3.Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent.

F——4.Thatcher‘s revolution turned out to be agreat success in dealing with all the British economic and social problems.

T——5.The economic approach adopted by Tony Blair was different from that of the old Labor Party and the Conservetive Party.

T——6.Blair made the Bank of England independent in oder to separate politics from economic policy.

F——7.Britain is an important oil exporter since its oil industry has a long history.

T——8.Nuclear power is one of the major energy sources in Britain.

F——1.The Britain government has been responsible for education since the early 1800s.

F——https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5616043254.html,cation inBritain is compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and 15. F——3.The National Curriculum is compulsory in both the states system and the independent system.

T——4.When children finish their schooling at 16,they are required to take a national GCSE examination.

T——5.Graduates from state schools in Britain have a less favorable chance to enter famous universities than those from independent schools.

F——6.The Times is the world oldest Sunday newspapers.

F——7.The BBC World Service broadcast only in English throughout the world.

T——8. Some British holidays are celebrated to mark important events in the Christian calendar,and some others are related to local customs and traditions.

F——1.The Canterbury Tales is representative work of the old English period.

T——2.The Renaissance is characterized by admiration of the Greek and Latin classic works. T——3.As a great English peot,Alexander Pope also translated Homer‘s Iliad.

F——4.Jhonathan Swift is probably the foremost prose satirist in the English language,and Robinson Crusoe is his masterpiece.

F——5.William Wordsworth amd Sumuel Taylor Colerdge brought the Romantic Movement to its height.

F——6.Lord Byron distinguished himself by the musical quality of his short poems,such as ―Ode to the West Winds‖.

F——7.Jane Austen is a well known novelist of the stream of consciousness school.

T——8.Joseph Conrad is classified as a forerunner of Modernism,which prevailed before World War Ⅱ.

F——1.The eastern highlands formed by the Appalachian Range hold one-third of the country‘s continental territory.

T——2.The climate in the United States can be classified as temperate, with some mild subtropical and tropical zones.

T——3.A 50-centimeter rainfall line runs through the middle of the United States.

T——4.New York is composed of five boroughs, including Manhattan, Brooklyn, the Bronx, Staten Island and Queens.

F——5.San Francisco is the second largest city after New York and the world-famous Hollywood is located here.

T——6.During the 1830s and the 1840s, many Northern Europeans and Irish immigrants came to America.

T——7.Almost half of the immigrants coming to the United States in the 1980s were Asians. T——8.Basic American cultural values are freedom, equality and desire to work hard for a higher standard of living.

T——1.American was named after Amerigo Vespucci,who arrived on the new continent after Columbus.

F——2.The Second Continental Congress was held in Phiadelphia,and the Continental Army and Navy was established under the command of Thomas Jerfferson.

T——3.The Amemrican Civil War not only put an end to slavery,but also make American a single,indivisible nation.

F——4.Most American people approved of the Vietnam War.

T——5.In1990,American troops and the troops from allied nations took joint military action in order to drive Iraqi troops out of Kuwait.

F——6.According to the American government,Saddam Hussein and Osama bin Laden were responsible for the terrorist event on Septemble11,2001.

T——7.The Bush administration regarded Iraq a nation among the ―axis of the evil‖. F——8.On March 20,2003,American and United Nations‘troops, supposed by several other countries,began an invasion of Iraq.

F——1.The Bill of Right was written into the Constitution in 1787.

T——2.The form of the American government is based on three main principles: federalism, the separation of powers and respect for the Constitution and rule of law.

F——3.The US Congress consists of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. T——4.The judicial branch of the US federal government consists of a series of courts: the supreme court, the courts of appeals and the district courts.

F——5.The Democratic Party is conservative in terms of its ideology.

T——6.The American presidential campaigns adhere to the ―winner-takes-all‖ practice. F——7.The American foreign policy throughout World War 2 was neutrality.

T——8.The American foreign policy during the Cold War period was containment and intervention.

T——1.America is the world‘s largest industrial nation.

T——2.In the US Constitution ,the recognition of the importance of ?intellectual property‘ could be identified.

F——3.Although slavery was abolished as a result of the Civil War, the owners of plantations in the South made more profits from selling their agricultural products.

F——4. President Roosevelt‘s New Deal had little effect in dealing with the economic crisis in the early 1930s

F——5. The 1960s was a period of consolidation for the American business.

T——6. American agriculture exports outweigh imports, leaving a surplus in the agricultural balance of trade.

T——7. Auto production is one of the important sectors in American manufacturing industry. F——8. The growth and decline of the American foreign trade has little to do with the world economy.

T——1. Education is governed by state and local governments instead of the national government in America.

T——2. All American children are offered 12 years of compulsory public education.

F——3. After 12 years o schooling, American students receive a bachelor‘s degree upon graduation.

T——4. When selecting a college or university, students have a great concern for its size, location and academic quality.

T——https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5616043254.html,ually,an undergraduate student has to earn at least 120 credits to receive a degree. F——6. Outstanding graduates of Yale university include President Wilson and more than 80 senators.

F——7.It is The New York Times that first uncovered the Watergate Scandal in 1972.

F——8. Thanksgiving Day falls on the fourth Tuesday in November.

T——1.Walt Whitman introduced great innovations to American literature ,and devised a poetic

style , free verse .

F——2.Emily Dickinson‘s poems are usually long , exploring the inner life of the individual . F——3.Stephen Crane is famous for his writings about the meeting of America and Europe . T——4.Ezra Pound leads the School of Imagism , which advocates a clear , highly visual presentation .

T——5.Jack Kerouac‘s On the Road is a representative work of the Beat Writers.

T——6.Alice Walker was passionate about the civil rights movements and the women‘s movement of 1960s , and The Color Purple is her masterpiece .

F——7.America‘s most renowned playwright is Tennessee Williams , and his plays are highly experimental in form and style .

T——8.Arthur Miller is concerned with the conflicts of the individual within society , and Death of a Salesman is his masterpiece .

Ⅱ.Choose the best answer to complete each of the following statements.

1.The two main islands of the British Isles are——

A.Great Britain and Ireland

2. ——is the capital city of Scotland.

B.Edinburgh

3. Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, ——is the smallest.

D.Northern Ireland

4. English belongs to the ——group of the Indo-European family of languages.

C.Germantic

5. The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of ——words to

English.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5616043254.html,tin and Greek

6. The evolution of Middle English was reinforced by the——influence.

A.Norman

7. Samuel Johnson‘s dictionary was influential in establishing a standard form of——.

C.spelling

8. At present,nearly ——of the world‘s populations communicate in English.

C.one third

1. The——attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.

D.Germanic

2. By the late 7th century, ——became the dominant religion in England.

D. Roman Christianity

3. The——marked the establishment of feudualism in England.

C.Norman Conquest

4. The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of——

C. the House of Tudor

5. The direct cause ofor the Reformation was King Henry Ⅷ‘s effort to——.

A.divorce his wife

6. The English Civil War broke out in1642 between ——

B.the Royalist and the Parliamentarian

7. ——was passed after the Glorious Revolution.

A.The Bill of Rights

8. The Industrail Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of the ——century.

C.19th

1.The British government is characterized by a division of powers between three of the

following branchs EXCEPT the——.

C.monarchy

2. The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on——.

D.public attitude

3. As a revising chamber ,the House of Lords is expected to——the House of Commons.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5616043254.html,plement

4. ——is at the center of the British political system.

A.The Cabinet

5. The main duty of the British Privy Council is to ——.

B.give advice

6. Generally speaking,the British Parliament operates on a ——system.

B.two party

7. The politices of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism and——.

D.a belief in individualiam

8. In Britain,the parliamentary general election is held every——years.

C.five

1. The —— in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy in Britain.

A.oil crisis

2. Of the following practices, ——did not belong to Thatcher‘s social welfare reform.

C.reducing unemployment

3. The Blair government was successful in the following aspect EXPECT——.

D.reducing inequality

4. Britain has devoted about——of its land area to agriculture.

C.70%

5. Britain‘s important fishing areas include all the following EXCEPT——.

D.the sea area between Britain and Ireland

6. Coal mining industry in Britain provides——of the energy consumed in the country.

B.one fourth

7. The car industry in Britain is mostly ——.

A.foreign owned

8. Of the following sectors in Britain, ——has experienced spectacular growth since the end of

the World War Ⅱ.

C.the service sector

1. In Britain,the division between grammer schools and vocational schools was ended by the

introduction of comprehensive schools in the ——.

D.1960s

2. Over——of British children receive primary and secondary education through the

independent system.

C.7%

3. Partially funded by central government grants,most of the British universities receive the

remaining funds from all the following sources EXCEPT——.

B.loans

4. To be admitted to the Open University, one needs——.

B.no educational qualifications

5. Among Britain‘s quality press,the following newspapers are regarded as the ―Big

Three‖EXCEPT——.

C.The Observer

6. Life On Earth is a kind of ——program produced by the BBC is popular worldwide.

C.documentary

7. ——is Britain‘s top pay television provider.

D.BSkyB

8. The following Christmas traditions are particularly British EXCEPT——.

A.Trooping the Color

1. The most significant achievement of the English Renaissance is——.

B.drama

2. ——is viewed as Romantic poetry‘s ―Declaration of independence‖.

C.The preface to Lyrical Ballads

3.Of Dicken‘s novels, ——is considered most autobiographical.

B.Davied Copperfied

4. ——is a representative of English Critical Realism in the turn of the 19th century.

D.Thomas Hardy

5. Of the following books, ——is NOT written by Thomas Hardy.

C.Adam Bede

6. ——is not included in the modernist group.

A.Oscar Wilde

7. Of the following writers, —— is NOT a Nobel Prize winner.

B.James Joyce

8. Waiting for Godot is written by——.

A.Samuel Beckett

B 1. The U.S. lies in ----North America, with Canada to the north, Mexico to the south, the

Atlantic to its ----and the Pacific to its -----.

A. northern, east, west

B. central, east, west

C. southern, west, east

D. western, west, east

C 2. The continental United States has-----states.

A. 50

B. 49

C. 48

D. 35

A 3. The state of ----- is the largest in area of all the U.S. states.

A. Alaska

B. Hawaii

C. Texas

D. Florida

B 4. The longest river in the U.S. is ------

A. the Missouri River

B. the Mississippi River

C. the Ohio River

D. the Lake Itasca

C 5. Some of the world-famous universities like Harvard, Yale and MIT are located in----.

A. the South

B. the West

C. New England

D. the Midwest

D 6. San Francisco, Los Angeles and San Diego all belong to ----

A. Montana

B. Utah

C. Maine

D. California

A 7. The Immigration Act of 1924 restricted further immigration into the United States,

particularly from------.

A. Europe

B. Asia

C. Africa

D. South America

D 8. The characteristics of the dominant American culture are---

A. English-speaking, Northern European, Roman Catholic and middle-class

B. English-speaking, Western European, Roman Catholic and upper-class

C. English-speaking, Northern European, Protestant and upper-class

D. English-speaking, Western European, Protestant and middle-class

C 1. The first successful English conoly in North America was founded at——in——.

A.Jamestown,Louisiana

B.Boston, Massachusetts

C.Jamestown,Virginia

D.Plymouth,Gergia

C 2. The Seven Years‘War occurred between——.

A.the French and the American Indians

B.the French and the Spanish

C.the French and the British

D. the British and the American Indians

D 3. ―No taxation without representation‖was the rallying slogan of——.

A.the settlers of Virginia

B.the people of Pennsylvania

C.the colonists in New England

D.the people of the 13 colonies

B 4. In May 1775, ——was held in Phiadelphia and began to assume the functions of a

provisional government.

A.the First Continental Congress

B.the Second Continental Congress

C.the Boston Tea Party

D.the Congress of Confederation

C 5. Abraham Lincoln issued the ——to grant freedom to all slaves.

A.Declaration of Independence

B.Constitution

C.Emancipation Proclamation

D.Bill of Rights

A 6. The policy of the United States was ——at the beginning of the two World Wars.

A.nuetrality

B.full involvement

C.partial involvement

D.appeasement

C 7. President ——introduced the NⅡew Deal to deal with the problems of the Great

Depression.

A.Wilson

B.Truman

C.Roosevelt

D.Kennedy

D 8. The Vietanam War was a long time suffering for Americans,and its continued

throughout the terms of president——.

A.Johnson,Nixon and Ford

B.Truman,Eisenhower and Kennedy

C.Kennedy,Johnson and Nixon

D.Eisenhower,kennedy and Johnson

B 1.The US.Constitution came into effect in

A. 1787

B. 1789

C. 1791

D.1793

C 2. The Constitution of the United States

A. gives the most power to Congress

B. gives the most power to the president

C. tries to give each branch enough power to balance the others

D. gives

the most power to the Supreme Court

B 3.The Bill of Right

A. defines the rights of Congress and the rights of the President

B.

guarantees citizens of the US specific individual rights and freedom

C. is part of the Declaration of Independence

D. has no relationship with the

Constitution.

D 4.The terms for a Senator and Representative are ___ and ___ years reapectively.

A. 2;4

B.2;3

C. 2;6

D.6;2

C 5. All the following can make legislative proposals EXCEPT

A. the senator

B. the Representative

C. the secretary of state

D. the president

C 6.The following are all powers of the President EXCEPT

A. vetoing any bills passed by Congress

B. appointing federal judges when

vacancies occur

C. making laws

D.issuing executive orders

D 7. The Supreme Court is composed of ___ justices

A. 6

B. 7

C. 8

D.9

C 8. The president is directly voted into office by ___

A. all citizens of America

B. the citizens over 18 years old

C. electors elected by the voters

D. the senators and the representatives

C 1.America produces a major portion of the world‘s products in the following fields

EXCEPT ___

A. machinery

B. automobiles

C. ore

D. chemicals

C 2. The modern American economy progressed from___ to____, and then to ____

A. a colonial economy, a handcraft economy, an industrial economy

B. a

farming economy, a handcraft economy, an industrial economy

C. a colonial economy, a farming economy, an industrial economy

D. a

handcraft economy, a farming economy, an industrial economy

D 3. Chartered companies were NOT granted the ___ by the British King or Queen.

A. political authority

B. economic rights

C. judicial authority

D. diplomatic authority

D 4. ____ urged the federal government to establish a national bank.

A. George Washington

B. President Roosevelt

C. Abraham Lincoln

D. Alexander Hamilton

D 5. The following inventions took place during the ?second industrial revolution‘

EXCEPT___

A. typewriter

B. telephone

C. electric light

D. refrigerator

D 6. President Johnson tried to build a ?Great Society‘ by introducing various programs like

the following EXCEPT_____

A. Medicare

B. Food Stamps

C. Education Initiatives

D. Unemployment Pension

B 7. The following statements are all true EXCEPT___

A. Agribusinesses reflect the big, corporate nature of many farm enterprises

B. Agribusinesses maintain a balanced trade pattern between agricultural imports and

exports.

C. Agribusinesses range from one-family corporations to multinational firms.

D. Agribusinesses include a variety of farm businesses and structures.

A 8. Employment in the___ sector has been increasing in the US since the 1970s.

A. service

B. agriculture

C. manufacturing

D. high-tech

C 1.Foemal education in the US consists of _____, secondary and higher education.

A. kindergarten

B. public

C. elementary

D. private

B 2. Of the following subjects,_____ are NOT offered to elementary school students.

A. mathematics and language arts

B. politics and business education

C. science and social studies

D. music and physical education

B 3. Higher education in the US began with the founding of _____

A. Yale University

B. Harvard College

C. Princeton University

D. music and physical education

B 4. Of the following,____ are NOT among the categories of American higher education.

A. universities and colleges

B. research institutions

C. technical institutions

D. community colleges

C 5. To get a bachelor‘s degree, all undergraduate students are required to do the

following EXCEPT____

A. attending lectures and completing assignments

B. passing examinations

C. working for communities

D. earning a certain number of credits

B 6. _____is sold especially to the upper or upper-middle class and has a reputation for its

serious attitude and great bulk.

A. The Washington Post

B. The New York Times

C. The Los Angeles Times

D. New York Daily News

B 7. Of the following,____ is not among the three major radio and TV networks in America.

A. the National Broadcasting System (NBS)

B. the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS)

C. the Columbia Broadcasting system (CBS)

D. the American Broadcasting

System(ABS)

B 8. The National Day of the US falls on _____ each year.

A. June 4th

B. July 4th

C. June 14th

D. July 14th

C 1.Of the following writer, --------are from the Colonial and Revolutionary Periods .

A. Benjamin Franklin and Edgar Allan Poe

B. Edgar Allan Poe and Jonathan Edwards

C. Benjamin Franklin and Jonathan Edwards

D. Edgar Allan Poe and Washington Irving

D 2. ----- is regarded as the ―father of American literature‖

A. James Fenimore Cooper

B. Ralph Waldo Emerson

C. Thomas Jefferson

D. Washington Irving

C 3. Of the following , ---- is considered Herman Melville‘s masterpiece

A. The Last of the Mohicans

B. The Legend of Sleepy Hollow

C. Mody Dick

D. Daisy Miller

D 4. Of the following ,-----is NOT characteristic of Mark Twain‘s works

A. colloquial speech

B. a sense of humor

C. a realistic view

D. an idealistic view

D 5. Of the following writer, ----- is NOT included in the group pf naturalists

A. Stephen Crane

B. Frank Norris

C. Theodore Dreiser

D. Herman Melville

A 6. F. Scott Fitzgerald‘s finest novel is ---- ,and its theme is about ---

A. The Great Gatsby , the American Dream

B. Tender Is the Night , love

C. Tales of the Jazz Age , the loss of oneself

D. The Beautiful and Damned , the evil of human nature

A 7. Of the following writer, ----- is NOT a Nobel Prize winner

A. Alice Walker

B. Ernest Hemingway

C. William Faulkner

D. Eugene O‘Neill

B 8. -----is the first African – American winner of the Noble Prize for Literature

A. Ralph Ellison

B. Ernest Hemingway

C. William Faulkner

D. James Baldwin

1、What is Standard English?

Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of the southeastern England; it is widely used in media and taught at schools. It is preferred by the educated, middle-class people. Is has developed and has been promoted as a model for the correct British English. It is also the norm(标准) carried overseas. Today, Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is taught and used.

2、Explain the rise and fall of the British Empire.

Colonization of Newfoundland, the first British colony overseas, in 1583 marked the beginning of the British Empire. By 1837, Britain had long been an empire which included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and many small states in the West Indies. By the end of the 19th century, the British Empire included a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world‘s landmass. During the mid-19th century, the British government consolidated the existing colonies by bringing them under the direct control of the government. Before World War Ⅰ, Britain had the largest colonial empire in the world. However, Britain suffered great loss to its manpower in the two World Wars and exhausted its reserves of gold, dollars and overseas investment. Most of Britain‘s colonies gained indepen dence since the 1940s, which inevitably led to the fall of the Empire.

3、What is the Commonwealth of Nations?

It is a voluntary association of independent sovereign states, all of which acknowledge the British monarch as symbolic head of the association. The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort, and its member states have full autonomy to manage their own internal and external affairs. It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and equal interaction after gaining independence. The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy, human rights, and to promote economic cooperation and growth within its members.

4、What were the major causes of Britain’s relative economic decline in the postwar period?

First, Britain suffered great economic losses in two World Wars and had gone heavily into debt to finance the war. Second, the era of the British Empire was over. India and other British colonies, which provided raw material & large market for British goods, gained independence. Third, Britain was forced to maintain an expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of 1960s. Fourth, Britain had to make Substantial financial contributions to NATO and the UN Security Council. Finally, Britain failed to invest in industry after WWII whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught up with Britain by investing in the most modern equipment and means of production.

5、What is the stream of consciousness?

Stream of Consciousness is a literary technique which was pioneered by Dorthy Richardson, Virginia Woolf, and James Joyce. Stream of consciousness is characterized by a flow of thoughts and images, which may not always appear to have a coherent structure or cohesion. The plot line may weave in and out of time and place, carrying the reader through the life span of a character or further along a timeline to incorporate the lives (and thoughts) of characters from other time periods.

6、Why is the United States regarded as a “melting pot” and a “salad bowl”? The melting pot is a metaphor for a heterogeneous society becoming more homogeneous, the dif ferent elements "melting together" into a harmonious whole with a common culture. It is particul arly used to describe the assimilation of immigrants to the United States; the melting-together m etaphor was in use by the 1780s.

After 1970 the desirability of assimilation and the melting pot model was challenged by proponen ts of multiculturalism, who assert that cultural differences within society are valuable and should be preserved, proposing the alternative metaphor of the salad bowl – different cultures mix, but r emain distinct

7、What was the course of the American Civil War?

1. Economic and social differences between the North and the South.

2. States versus federal rights

3. The fight between Slave and Non-Slave State Proponents.

4. Growth of the Abolition Movement.

5. The election of Abraham Lincoln.

8、what are the differences between the Democrats and the Republicans in terms of political ideology.

9、What is the Beat Movement ?

The Beat Movement began in the middle of the 1950s.The word ―beat‖ suggests a non-conformist,rebellious attitude towards conventional values concerning sex ,religion and the American way of life,an attitude which result from the feeling of depression and exhaustion and the need to escape into an unconventional ,communal mode of life.The representatives are Allen Ginsberg, William Burroughs and Jack Kerouac.

Chapter 11

Ⅰ.Read the following statement and decide whether they are true(T) or false (F). Ⅱ.Choose the best answer to complete each of the following statements.

Chapter 12

Ⅰ.Read the following statement and decide whether they are true(T) or false (F). Ⅱ.Choose the best answer to complete each of the following statements.

Chapter 13

Ⅰ.Read the following statement and decide whether they are ture(T) or false (F). Ⅱ.Choose the best answer to complete each of the following statements.

英语国家概况的复习资料

英语国家概况考试题型如下： 1.选择题（30 X 1’） 2.填空题（20 X 1’） 3.简答（10 X 2’）--必须回答完整的句子 4.分析题（6 X 5’）-- 必须回答完整的句子 总分100 分 主要内容包括： 一．U.S. Geography 1.Full name of U.S.. 2.Number of States: 50 states. 3.After President Jefferson brought the Louisiana territory from France there was a desire for territorial expansion among many frontier men. 4.The U.S. has a land area of 9.3 million square kilometers. The fourth largest countries. 5.Taxas is the largest mainland state of the U.S.. Alaska is the largest state of the U.S.. 6.Hawaii is in the Pacific Ocean. 7.America’s movies are mostly made in Hollywood near the city of Los Angeles in south California. 二．U.S. People 1.The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the US is the Blacks (Afriican-Americans). 2.The “first Americans” were the Indians. 3.The Asian-Americans are the fastest-growing racial and ethnic group in the United States. 4.The first permanent settlement in North America was established in today’s V erginia in the year of 1607. 5.The “Three Faiths” in the U.S. refer to: ?Protestan ?Catholic ?Jewish 6.The majority of the Catholics in the U.S. are descendants of immigrants from Ireland, Italy and Poland. 7.American society is a stratified one in which power, wealth and pestige are unequally distributed among the population. 8.WASP stands for White Anglo-Saxon Protestant.

英语国家概况

英语国家概况-Land and people I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts 英国的不同名称及其各组成部分 1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England. 地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。 2. Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。 3. The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones. 不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。 4.Three political divisions on the island：England, Scotland and Wales. 大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。 (1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section. 英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。 (2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh 苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。它有三大自然区：北部高地，中部低地及南部山陵。首府：爱丁堡。 (3) Wales is in the west of Great Britain. Capital: Cardiff 威尔士位于大不列颠的西部。首府：加的夫 (4) Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. Capital: Belfast. 北爱尔兰是英国第四个区域。首府：贝尔法斯特。 5.The Commonwealth (of nations)is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. It was founded in 1931, and has 50 member countries until 1991. 英联邦是独立的前英国殖民地组成的自由联合体。它成立于1931年，至1990年止已有50个成员国。 II. Geographical Features 英国的地理特征 1.Geographical position of Britain: 英国的地理位置： Britain is an island country surrounded by the sea. It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east. 英国是一个岛国。它位于大西洋北部，与欧洲大陆的北海岸隔海相望。南面的英吉利海峡和东面的北海将它与欧洲其它部分隔开。 2.The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands; and the east and southeast are mostly lowlands. 英国的西部和北部主要是高地，东部和东南部主要是低地。 III. Rivers and Lakes 河流与湖泊 Ben Nevis is the highest mountain in Britain (1,343m).

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Chapter 1 land and people are the differences between Britain and the British Isles, Great Britain,England,the United Kingdom and the British Commonwealth The British Isles,Greant Britina and England are geographical names, no the official names of the country,while the official name is the United Kingdom,but the full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern British Commonwealth is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britian. the geographical position of Britian Britain is an island country. It lies in the north Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of is separated from the rest of Europe by the English channel in the south and the North Sea in the east. in Great Britain are mostly highland and lowland The north and west of Britain are mainly highland, while the south and south-east are mostly lowlands. Britain have a favourable climate why Yes,it has a favourable climate, because it has a maritime type of climate---winters are mild,not too cold and summers are cool, not too has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole has a small range of temperature,too. are the factors which influence the climate in Britain Which part of Britain has the most rainfall and which part is the driest

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英语国家概况》期末复习题（含答案） （第I卷客观题共45分） 1. 选择题（共30 分; 每题1 分） U.K. 1. The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on ___ . D A. passing the bills B. advising the government C. political parties D. public attitude 2. The policies of the Conservative Party in Great Britain are characterized by pragmatism and . D A. government intervention B. nationalization of enterprises C. social reform D. a belief in individualism 3. Oxford University is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. 4. Cabinet members are chosen by ___ in Britain. B A. the monarch B. the Prime Minister C. the Archbishop D. the Lord Chancellor 5. English belongs to the Germanic group of Indo-European family of languages. 6. The Severn River is the longest river in Britain. 7. The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except ___ . A A. Trooping the Color B. Queen 's Christmas message C. Boxing Day D. Christmas pantomime 8. Among Britain q'uaslity press, the following newspapers are regarded as the “ BigThree with the exception of The Observer. 9. In 2012, Britain had a population of about 63 million. 10. The two main islands of the British Isles are Great Britain and Ireland. 11. British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher once said that, “ Britain and tht e dUSntiates will stand side by side ”. 12. The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it ___ . A A. set up the National Health Services B. improved public transportation C. abolished the old tax system D. enhanced the economic development 13. Margaret Thatcher go'v s ernment introduced the biggest changes in British economic policy since World War II. 14. Charles Dickens is a representative of English Critical Realism at the turn of the 19 th century. 15. The three principle features of the climate of Britain are the following EXCEPT ___ . C A. the frequent fog in winter B. the large number of rainy days C. extreme coldness even in summer D. changeability all the year round 16. Samuel Johnson 'dsictionary was influential in establishing a standard form of spelling in English. 17. The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of Latin and Greek words to English. 18. __ was not among the four self-governing dominions in the British Empire. C A. Australia B. Canada C. India D. the Union of South Africa 19. Of the following sectors in Britain, service industry has experienced spectacular growth si nee the end of World War II. 20. Cambridge has more Nobel Prize winners than any other institution in Britain.

英语国家概况

《英语国家概况》补充材料 A：名词解释补充 The Pilgrim Fathers（英国清教徒）: This is given to those members who made the first crossing on the famous Mayflower, which landed at Plymouth harbor in December 1620. Jacksonian democracy（杰克森式民主）:It is used in American politics to describe the period when the “common man” participated in the government, occurring after Jeffersonian democracy. The Progressive Movement（革新运动）:It was a reform movement that reached its height in the early 20th century. This arose as a response to the vast changes brought by industrialization. The Union Flag（英国国旗）:Also known as the Union Jack. It is the national flag of the UK. It symbolizes the 4 administrative nations, the England, Scotland, Wales and the Northern Ireland. The red cross stands for England, the diagonal Red Cross stands for Ireland and the diagonal white cross stands for Scotland. British Commonwealth（英联邦）:Also known as the Commonwealth of Nations. It includes the UK and the 40 or so former British colonies that are now sovereign states. It was formally established in 1931. European Union（欧盟）:It is an economic and political union established in 1993. The establishment of the European Union expanded the political scope of the European Economic, especially in the area of foreign and security policies, and provided for the creation of a central European bank and the adoption of a common currency. Domesday Book（末日审判书）: The written record of a census and survey of English landowners and their property made by order of William the Conqueror in 1085-1086. Stonehenge（巨石阵）:A group of standing stones on a plain in the southern England. The arrangement of the stones suggests that it was used as a religious center and also as an astronomical observatory. Julius Caesar（凯撒大帝）:He is a roman general, statesman and historian. He invaded British, conquered the army of his political enemy Pompey, and pursued other enemies to Egypt. He returned to Rome, and was given a order by the people to rule as dictator until he was murdered. Protestantism（新教）: One of the 3 major branches of Christianity, originating in the 16th century Reformation in Europe. Margaret Thatcher（撒切尔夫人）: She is the first British female Prime Minister who held the office of PM Longer than anyone else in the 20th century. She was elected in 1979, shored up a Conservative-led government, favored privatization plans. Her nickname is “The Iron Lady”; she was elected to three consecutive terms and resigned in1990 Keynesian（凯恩斯主义）: The economic theories of economist Keynes, who advocate government monetary and fiscal programs, designed to increase employment and stimulate business activity. Westminster Abbey（威斯敏斯特教堂）:A famous church located in London, where English monarchs are crowned and distinguished English subjects are buried. The Poets’ Corner conta ins the graves of great English writers. Grammar school: Originally meant to educate the young in Latin grammar and that of another European language. These schools in modern UK are intended to teach a highly academic class and teach students to deal with abstract concepts. The American Revolution（独立战争）: Also known as the War of Independence, it began in 1775 and ended in 1783. It ended 2 centuries of British rule for most of the North American colonies and created the United States of America.

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英语国家概况课程标准 课程代码： 适用专业：商务英语 一、课程概述 1．课程性质 语言是文化的载体，文化是语言的基础。英语语言学习和英国国家文化相互依存、密不可分。一个优秀的英语语言学习者，若不了解该语言背后所承载的民族文化，其交际能力也会受到限制。该课程能使学生了解和掌握英美两国政治，历史，经济，社会，文化和教育等基本知识，了解英美国家社会发展、现状和影响这两个国家社会发展的因素，拓展学生的知识面，培养学生文化意识，启发学生了解西方社会，了解交际规则，增强学生的英语语言学习能力，为后续专业课程的学习打下一定的基础，进而为培养高技能应用型复合人才打下基础。 2．课程设计思路 本课程在设计上围绕合作学习法—任务型教学法、比较教学法、线索梳理法、启发式等教学法。 合作学习法—任务型教学法 合作学习法又称协作学习，是以合作学习小组为基本形式，系统利用教学中动态因素之间的互动，促进学生的学习，以团体成绩作为评价标准，共同完成教学活动。任务型教学法是一种以任务或活动为核心单位计划组织语言教学的途径,一种强调“在做中学”的语言教学方法。合作学习法与任务型教学法结合是指教师设计学习任务，指导并帮助学生以小组为单位通过合作、协商完成学习任务的教学过程。主要采用组织演示、演讲、讨论等形式。 2）比较教学法 比较教学法是在教学过程中，利用教学内容的相互联系和区别，促进学生掌握和巩固教学内容、达到教学目标的一种逻辑思维方法。例如，在学习美国的政体时，我们可以和英国政体、甚至是我国的政体进行比较，异中求同，同中求异。从而对“Parliament”、“Congress”和我国的NPC （The National People’s Congress）形成更深刻的理解。运用这种教学法不仅有利于学生掌握基本知识与技能，而且有利于提高学生的创造性思维能力。3）线索梳理法 线索梳理法，尤其是历史年代轴线表示法是表达历史线索最清晰的一种方式，这种方式的特点是易于梳理，可操作性强，非常直接，便于记忆。比如说，英国历史很长，如果不进行梳理，很难记忆，如果整理成一条线索，效果却不能同日而语： Early settlers——Roman invasions——Anglo-Saxons——the Viking and Danish Invasions——the Norman Conquest——William’s Rule——the Great Charter——the Hundred Year’s War——the English Reformation——the English Renaissance——the Civil War——the Glorious Revolution——the Industrial Revolution——the two World Wars 同样，美国历史部分可整理成这样一条线索： The war of Independence——the War of 1812——territorial expansion and Westward Movement——the Civil War——the two World Wars——the Cold War——the Berlin Blockade——the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s——the Vietnam War 二、课程培养目标 1．知识目标 了解主要英语国家的地理，历史，经济和政治等方面的概况；了解主要英语国家的文化传统，风俗习惯和社会生活的其他有关情况。 2．技能目标 扩大知识面，有效弥补英语专业学生知识面窄的不足；提高英语阅读的能力和语言应用能力。 3．素质目标

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第一章British the republic of ireland became independent in the year(1949) the british empire was replaced by the british commonwealth in(1931) the English people and the English language were born from the union of(norman conquerors an the defeated anglo-sax ons the first known settlers of Britain were (the iberians) about 80000 scots speak gaelic which is an ancient (celtic language) the ancestors of the welsh were the ancient(celts) the average population density in Britain is(250)people per square kilo in 1066 harold and his troops fought against William on Senlac field near(hastlings) the Plantagenet dynasty was found by(henry 2) english reformation was carried out by(henry8) simon de Montfort reform beginning of English (parliament) from 1649 to 1658,it was ruled first by oliver Cromwell as(lord protector) it was during the reign of(anne)the the name great Britain came into being in 1707 the 1851 london great exposition was held in the crystal palace designed by queen(victoria)husband albert. the house of commons has(650)members of parliament british conservative party(tory)party in the 18th century the house of common is headed by（the speaker） the economic policy in the 1950s and 1960s was based on(john maynard keynes) in Britain less than(2/)are farmers britain became a net exporter of oil in the(1980s) the following financial institutions have their headquarters in London except(royal bank of scotland) to stimulate economic recovery, the thacher polcies but(interventionism) britain is the(sixth)largest trading nation british oil fields were discovered on the(north sea) the national health service was established in(1948) (central government)is directly responsible for the nhs children up to the age of (16) can receive family allowance for children (the baptists)is not among the anglican churches (the Methodist church)is the largest of the free churches the principal non-Christian communities in Britain are(the jews) the church of scotland is a(Presbyterian) (the free churches)in Britain have also been known as dissenters (7) roman catholic provinces in great Britain the church of english has two provinces, they are(Canterbury and york) there are some (90)universities the universities of oxford and cambridge date from the (12th and 13th) (public schools)are independent schools secondary education in(northern ireland) is selective harrow school is a(public school) higher education is usually defined as advanced course of a standard higher(gce a level) the following universities belong to red brick except(glasgow) the leading scientific society in Britain is(the royal society) the times is a (quality daily) the daily mirror is a popular daily

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3.The time joining the British parliament: However, in 1707 by agreement of the English and Scottish parliaments, Scotland joined the Union. 4.Difference between the British Isles ,UK, Great Britain , and England: British Isles: the island of Great Britain the island of Ireland

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(2020年整理)英语国家概况选择题.doc

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