【VIP专享】新编英语教材5翻译答案(英语专业)

Unit 10

1.John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behaviour of the individual as over against any way in which he can affect traditional custom, is as the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue over against those words of his own baby talk that are taken up into the vernacular of his family.

答案：John Dewey has pointed out seriously that how far a social habit can impact an individual behavior as compared with how far an individual behaviour can impact a social habit can be likened to how far a native language can affect the entire vocabulary of a family dialect as compared with how far the entire vocabulary of a family dialect can affect a native language.

2.When one seriously studies the social orders that have had the opportunity to develop autonomously ,the figure becomes no more than an exact and matter-of-fact observation.

答案：The result from a serious study of various cultures that are allowed to grow with no influence from outside proves to be in complete conformity with the reality.

3.Anthropology was by definition impossible as long as these distinctions between ourselves and the primitive,ourselves and the barbarian,ourselves and the pagan,held sway over people’s minds.答案：No scientific study of people and their cultures can be expected to achieve any fruitful end,where we still strongly believe that ours is superior to other cultures,which we have traditionally considered as underdeveloped,uncivilized or irreligious.

4.It was necessary to recognize that these institutions which are based on the same premises,let us say the supernatural,must be considered together,our own among the rest.

答案：We should accept that these cultures,which are like ours created by God,must be treaded as equals to our own culture and included in our study of social customs.

Unit 11

1.Up above me,I knew,were unselfishnesses of the spirit,clean and noble thinking, keen intellectual living.

答案：I believed that in a society high above me lived those who selfless,noble-minded and well-cultivated.

2.But it is not particularly easy for one to climb up out of the working-class-especially if he is handicapped by the possession of ideals and illusions.

答案：But it is surely difficult for a man,especially one full of objectives and imagination in life,to have his working class status changed.

3.I had the muscle,and they made money out of it while I made but a very indifferent living out of it.

答案：I was physically strong,and they profited by the exploitation of my physical strength,which,to my great disappointment, was not able to change my life for the better.

4.He was a muscle bankrupt, and nothing remained to him but to go down into the cellar of society and perish miserably.

答案：He was no longer physically strong/powerful,his strength was used up/exhausted/consumed completely /wore out;and he had to let himself slide down to the bottom of society,left alone in misery till the end of his life.

1.One hundred years later,the Negro is still languished in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land.

答案：One hundred years later,the Negro still lives in a land of poverty isolated from a land of immense /enormous wealth,which surrounds us and is our homeland.

2.It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are concerned.

答案：We can see clearly now that America has failed to execute this document as promised,as far as the black people are concerned.

3.So we have come to cash this check-a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice.

答案：So we are here to demand the fulfillment of a promise which assures us of liberty and justice.

4.This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism.

答案：This is not the time now to try to persuade us to keep quiet and wait patiently,by and by, a solution is eventually found.

Unit 2

1.Moses pleaded a speech defect to rationalize his reluctance to deliver Jehovah’s edict to Pharaoh.答案：Moses justified his unwillingness to pass Jehovah’s order to Pharaoh,saying that he was “slow of speech”.

2.Yet for all the trouble procrastination may incur,delay can often inspire and revive a creative soul.

答案：Delay leads to problems.However,in many cases,it can often stimulate the creativity in an artist.

3.He notes that speedy action can be embarrassing or extremely costly.

答案：He points out that hastiness may give rise to decisions which turn out to be humiliating or expensive.

4.Bureaucratization,which flourished amid the growing burdens of government and the greater complexity of society,was designed to smother policymakers in blankets of legalism,compromise and reappraisal-and thereby prevent hasty decisions from being made.

答案：Excessive red-tape developed because public administration was expanding in scope and because society was growing more and more complicated.In this sense,red-tape helped those in charge of policy to be fully engaged in an enormous amount of paperwork and judgement,thus making it impossible for an immature decision to result.

5....many of my friends go through agonies when they face a blank page.

答案：...many of my friends have a hard time the moment they attempt to put pen to paper.

Unit 13

1.People who are partial to euphemisms stand accused of being “phony”or trying to hide what it is they are really talking about.

答案：Euphemism-prone people are subject to the charge that they are insincere.

2.What we call things affects how we will perceive them.

答案：Things may take on a different look when named differently.

3.It would appear that human beings almost naturally come to identify names with things,which is

one of our more fascinating illusions.

答案：It seems that mankind is predisposed to regard things as being inseparable from the labels they bear.This is a most intriguing delusion.

4.For if you change the names of things,you change how people will regard them,and that is as good as changing the nature of the thing itself.

答案：With the change of the names of things,you have changed their images in the eye of people,which,in effect,means a change in what the things really are.

5.The teacher who prefers us to use the term”culturally different children” instead of “slum children”is euphemizing,all right,but is doing it to encourage us to see aspects of a situation that might otherwise not be attended to.

答案：It is true that the teacher is euphemizing when he has us use”culturally different children” in place of “slum children”, but what he is doing is to try to turn our attention to an aspect of life that might easily be neglected.

6.Saying that someone is “dead” is not to speak more plainly or honestly than saying he has “passed away”.

答案：People are just as frank when they say someone “passed away” as when they say he is “dead”.

Unit 15

1.Most previous analogies are seriously inadequate, for while they may describe a part of the teaching activity,they also suggest patterns that are not fully applicable to teaching.

答案：Almost none of the analogies that have been used so far can fully describe what teaching is all about.(or: Nearly all the analogies that have been used so far can only present a partial picture,rather than a complete one,of what teaching is really about.)In this sense,none of them serves as an analogy for teaching.

2.Rather than emphasizing the mutuality of the endeavor,each of these common analogies turns on

a separation between the professional and his clients.

答案：Each of these popular analogies sees the teacher and his students not as an organic unit tied together in a joint effort,but as being isolated from each other.

3.The teacher as actor also plays to a passive audience,but he measures success by large numbers.答案：The teacher,seen in the role of the actor,would be simply lecturing to an audience ,who do not participate, and he would evaluate his performance not by their involvement in class activities,but by the size of the class.

4.The mountaineer accepts his leadership role,yet recognizes that the success of the journey(measured by the scaling of the heights)depends upon close cooperation and active participation by each member of the group.

答案：The mountaineer knows his own function as a leader and is well aware,too,that whether they can climb to the top is decided by how well each member can cooperate with the others and how far each member is ready to involve himself in the endeavour.

5.Essential skills must be mastered if the trip is to be successful;lacking them,disaster looms as an ominous possibility.

答案：For a good journey,basic skills from an indispensable part,without which one is likely to encounter misfortune.

翻译

1.习俗不同于传统在于前者是一个社会中公认的行为规范，而后者则是指从过去传到现在的思维和行为的习惯方式。（convention, tradition）

Conventions are different from tradition in that the former are the generally accepted standards of behaviour in a society,whereas the latter refers to the customary way of thinking or behaving that has been passed down from the past to the present.

2.孔孟之道在很长一段时期内主宰着中国的社会。（hold sway）

For a long time the teachings of Confucius and Mencius held sway over the Chinese society.

3.他的潦草笔记只有他自己看得懂。（unintelligible）

His scribbling is unintelligible to any one but himself.

4.我们必须在有可能发生最坏事态的前提下采取行动。（premise）

We must act on the premise that the worst can happen.

5.早在儿童学会说话和理解口头语言之前，他们就掌握了通过比较视觉外观的差异来辨识物体的能力。（differentiate）

Long before children are capable of using and understanding verbal language,they posses the ability to differentiate between objects with visual differences.

6.植物园的一个显著特色就是面积宽广。（predominant）

One of the predominant features of the botanical garden is its spaciousness.

7.你相信人类是从类人猿进化而来的吗？（evolve）

Do you believe that human beings have evolved from apes?

8.教师的责任不仅是传授知识，还必须教授学生道德规范。（incumbent）

It is incumbent on teachers not only to impart knowledge but also to teach the students moral principles.

准确地说，只要我们同原始人、我们同野蛮人、我们同异教徒之间的此类界限依然在人们头脑中占支配地位，人类学是不可能有所建树的。我们首先应该使我们的认识达到这样一种成熟的认知程度，即，我们不再自以为我们所信奉的是信仰，而我们邻居们所信奉的是迷信。有必要认识到，这些基于相同的假设（不妨说是种超自然的东西）而形成的习俗，必须与其他的习俗放在一起加以研究，包括我们自己的和他人的风俗。

翻译

1.不要期望每做一件小事就有报酬。从长远来看，你所做的全部努力都会得到适当的回报。（remunerate）

Don’t expect to be remunerated for every minor thing you do.In the long run, all the efforts you

have made will be duly rewarded.

2.植树造林在美化环境、丰富自然、发展国民经济方面都起着举足轻重的作用。（replenish）

Planting is the most important part of creating a beautiful environment,replenishing nature and developing the national economy.

3.那天是植树节。所有的志愿者都积极投入工作，种了数千棵柳树。（pitch in）

It was the Tree-planting Day.All the volunteers pitched in and planted thousands of willow trees.

4.不像他那性情温和的妹妹，他脾气急躁，并且动不动就训斥别人。（fulminate）

Unlike his sweet-tempered sister,he has a quick temper and fulminates at people easily.

5.在反腐败斗争中，努力减少腐败比根除腐败更有效。（diminish）

In the fight against corruption,it is more helpful to try to diminish it rather than eradicate it.

6.在参加辩论之前，你必须确定你所有的论点都正确并且都有根据，（ascertain）

Before you take part in a debate,you are advised to ascertain that all your arguments are sound and well-grounded.

7.他们应该学会解决问题和冲突，启发灵感和批判性思考问题的方法。（resolve）

They should learn to slove problems and resolve conflicts,and to brainstorm and think critically.

8.他一再催促逼迫，使我都不愿意去参加下个周末的聚餐了。（disincline）

All his pushing and goading disinclined me towards going to the party next weekend.

但对于这种情况我并不感到愤慨。人生如戏，他们是强者，好吧，但我并非软弱无能，我会闯出一条自己的路，跻身于他们之中，利用别人的体力为自己赢利赚钱。我不惧怕辛劳。我热爱勤奋地工作。我会潜心投入，大干特干，最终成为一个社会的栋梁。

翻译

1.一份合同，一旦经双方签订，不论发生什么事情都必须予以信守。（honour）

A contract,once executed by and between the two parties involved,must be duly honoured whatever happens.

2.一场强大的风暴席卷了沿海的小乡村。（engulf）

The heavy storm engulfed the small villages along the coast.

3. 但在繁华的城市之外，还有成百上千人仍然在贫困中煎熬。（languish）

But beyond the prosperous cities,millions of people still languish in poverty.

4.我们必须全心全意为人民服务的信条仍为我们绝大多数的人民所遵循。（creed）

The creed that we should serve the people whole-heartedly is still followed by the great majority of our people.

5.管理不善和无效率的工作作风使得这家公司瘫痪了。（cripple）

The corporation was crippled by its poor management and inefficient work style.

6.事实上，他们手中并没有鞭子，而是他们的催促声和紧迫感使人觉得像是他们正在挥舞

鞭子。（urgency）

They don’t really have a whip in their hands,but their nagging and sense of urgency feels like they do.

7.观众热烈的掌声足以证明管弦乐队演出的成功。（evidence）

The success of the performance by the orchestra was evidenced by the warm applause from the audience.

8.生物化学家开始对遗传学有了一个更好的理解。（on the threshold of）

Biochemists are on the threshold of a better understanding of genetic engineering.

很明显，今天，对有色人种公民来说，美国没有能实践自己的承诺。美国没有履行这项神圣的义务，只是给黑人开了一张空头支票，一张盖上“资金不足”的印戳而被退回的支票。但是我们决不相信，正义的银行已经破产；我们决不相信，在这个国家巨大的机会宝库中竟然没有足够的资金。因此，今天我们就是来兑现这张支票的，一张见票即能为我们兑现自由财富和正义保障的支票。

翻译

1.富兰克林在他的《自传》里力劝读者要勤俭。（exhort）

Franklin exhorted readers to be diligent and thrifty in his Autobiography.

2.谁能证实这签名无讹？（attest to）

Who can attest to the genuineness of the signature?

3.人们给他起了“小家伙”的绰号，因为就他年龄而言，他看上去长得很小。（dub）

He is dubbed”Tiny”because he looks so small for his age.

4.他试图为自己拒绝接受这一劝告辩解。（rationalize）

He tried to rationalize his refusal to take the advice.

5.他的一番话引起了我们的不满。（incur）

His words incurred our displeasure.

6.要我们在这么短时间内完成这一工作几乎是不可能的。（virtually）

It is virtually impossible for us to finish the work within such a short time.

7.他反复思考这个手术可能会产生的后果。（ruminate）

He ruminated over the likely consequences of the operation.

8.这个地区的报业很兴旺。

The newspaper business in the region is flourishing.

9.掌握英语需要孜孜不倦的努力。（assiduous）

It takes assiduous efforts to acquire a good command of English.

翻译

1.菲兹杰拉德的小说家生涯有一个吉祥的开端。（auspicious）Fitzgerald’s career as a novelist had an auspicious beginning.

2.这个故事唤起了我对在巴黎期间的往事的回忆。（evoke）

The story evoked memories of my days in Paris.

3.他的皱纹表示他不同意，甚至还不高兴。（denote）

A frown denotes his disapproval, and even his displeasure.

4.惠特曼在他的《自我之歌》中将自我与大众联系了起来。（identify with）Whitman identifies his ego with the masses in his Song of Myself.

5.在背后诽谤别人很可鄙。（contemptible）

Speaking ill of someone behind his back is very contemptible.

6.事故发生之后，警察将来往车辆转引到一条旁道。（divert）

The police diverted the traffic into a side-street after the accident.

7.他越来越傲慢，这使他与许多老朋友疏离了。（alienate）

His increasing arrogance alienated him from many of his old friends.

8.他受到赚钱还债需要的驱动。（motivate）

He was motivated by a need to make money to pay off his debts.

9.他对我们所做的事几乎是欺骗。（amount to）

What he has done to us almost amounts to fraud.

翻译

1.他感到有一种不能抑制的冲动，很想驾车尽快赶到那里。（impulse）

He felt an irresistible impulse to drive there as fast as possible.

2.我认为他的言行不一致。（correspond）

I don’t think that his words and actions correspond.

3.他去取回遗留在演讲厅里的伞。（retrieve）

He went to retrieve his umbrella he had left in the lecture room.

4.要骗取他的同意是不可能的。（cajole）

It is impossible to cajole him into consent.

5.他受到那本小册子的诱惑，游遍了欧洲。（lure）

The brochure lured him into traveling all over Europe.

6.他敦促他的工友坚持原则。（adhere to）

He urged his workmates to adhere to their principles.

7.人们往往瞧不起那些玩两面派的人。（disdain）

One tends to disdain those who resort to double dealing.

8.在许多场合，反感会产生仇恨。（engender）

Aversion,in many cases,engenders hate/hatred.

9.在经过漫长而又艰难的旅程之后，他感到筋疲力尽。（arduous）He felt exhausted after a long and arduous journey.