英美文学史简介
英美文学史简介
Part A British Literature
ⅠEarly and Medieval English Literature 早期及中世纪英国文学
1. “Beowulf”, the national epic of the English people.《贝奥武夫》（Beowulf），完成于八世纪，约750年左右的英雄叙事长诗，长达3000多行。是以古英语记载的传说中最古老的一篇。是现存古英文文学中最伟大之作，也是欧洲最早的方言史诗。
2. Geoffrey Chaucer ,the founder of English poetry.
乔叟(1343-1400),英国诗歌之父.
The Canterbury Tales 《坎特伯雷故事集》, 以一伙来自社会各个阶层的香客在宗教朝圣的路上讲述故事为线索，向我们清楚地展示了那个时代人们的生活。在所有的23个故事中，除了两篇之外，其余都是诗歌体裁的作品。
ⅡThe Renaissance [ri′neis(?)ns] 文艺复兴时期文学
1.William Shakespeare 莎士比亚（1564～1616）英国文艺复兴时期伟大的剧作家、诗人，欧洲文艺复兴时期人文主义文学的集大成者。莎士比亚给世人留下了37部戏剧play，其中包括一些他与别人合写的一般剧作。此外，他还写有154首十四行诗sonnet和三、四首长诗poem。
四大喜剧： A Midsummer Night’s Dream 仲夏夜之梦
The Merchant of Venice 威尼斯商人
As You Like It 皆大欢喜
Twelfth Night 第十二夜
四大悲剧:
Hamlet 哈姆雷特(To be, or not to be, that is the question)
Othello 奥赛罗King Lear 李尔王
Macbeth 麦克白其他：Romeo and Juliet 罗密欧与朱丽叶
2.Francis Bacon 培根（1561-1626 ）
The founder of English materialist philosophy and modern science.
Bacon is especially famous for his Essays.
培根,英国唯物主义和现代科学奠基人,散文家.
代表作：散文Of Studies 《论学习》
ⅢThe period of English Bourgeois [bu?′?wɑ:] Revolution and Restoration 资产阶级革命时期文学
1.John Milton 米尔顿
Paradise Lost 《失乐园》
2. John Bunyan 班扬The Pilgrim’s Progress 《天路历程》
ⅣEighteenth Century English Literature 十八世纪英国文学
1. Daniel Defoe:笛福Robinson Crusoe 《鲁滨逊漂流记》
2. Jonathan Swift：斯威夫特Gulliver’s Travels 《格列佛游记》
3. Henry Fielding 菲尔丁
the Founder of the English Realistic Nov 英国现实主义小说奠基人Joseph Andrew 《约瑟夫·安德鲁》
4. William Blake 布莱克and Robert Burns彭斯: Poet
ⅤRomanticism in England 浪漫主义时期文学
1. William Wordsworth 华滋华斯
the representative poet of the early romanticism. 标志着浪漫主义的开始
2. George Gordon Byron 拜伦Don Juan 《唐·璜》
3. Percy Bysshe Shelley 雪莱
Prometheus Unbound《解放了的普罗米修斯》
If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 冬天来了,春天还会远吗?
4. John Keats 济慈Ode to a Nightingale 《夜莺颂》
5. Jane Austen 简·奥斯汀Pride and Prejudice 《傲慢与偏见》
ⅥThe Victorian Age 维多利亚时期文学
1. Charles Dickens 狄更斯
代表作：Oliver Twist 《雾都孤儿》、A Tale of Two Cities《双城记》、David Copperfield 《大卫·科波菲尔》
2. William Makepeace Thackeray 萨克雷代表作：Vanity Fair 《名利场》
3. George Eliot 乔治·艾略特
4. The Bront? Sisters 勃朗特三姐妹
Charlotte Bront?夏洛蒂·勃朗特：Jane Eyre《简·爱》
Emily Bront?艾米莉·勃朗特：Wuthering Heights 《呼啸山庄》
Annie Bront?安妮·勃朗特
5. The Brownings 勃朗宁夫妇
Husband: Robert Browning
Wife: Elizabeth Browning
Sonnets from the Portuguese 《葡语十四行诗集》
ⅦTwentieth Century English Literature 20世纪英国文学
1. Thomas Hardy 托马斯·哈代
Tess of the d’Urbervilles《德伯家的苔丝》
2. John Galsworthy 高尔斯华绥
3. Oscar Wilde 王尔德
Poet，dramatist, novelist and essayist.
The Happy Prince and Other Tales 《快乐王子和其他故事》
4. George Bernard Shaw 萧伯纳the most important English dramatist
5. D. H. Lawrence 劳伦斯
Lady Chatterley’s Lover 《查泰来夫人的情人》
6. Virginia Woolf 伍尔芙
Feminism, the stream of consciousness意识流
女权主义与现代主义小说的先驱
7. James Joyce 乔伊斯
Ulysses《尤里西斯》the stream of consciousness意识流
Part B American Literature
ⅠThe Literature During the Colonial American and the American Revolution殖民地时期及独立战争时期的文学
Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林
ⅡAmerican Romanticism and New England Literature 浪漫主义及新英格兰时期文学
1. Washington Irving华盛顿?欧文(1783-1859)
the first American to achieve an international literary reputation. 是美国文学的奠基人之一。他是第一个得到欧洲承认的美国作家，被称为“美国文学之父”。
2. James Fenimore Cooper 库珀
The Last of the Mohicans《最后的莫希干人》
3. Nathaniel Hawthorne 霍桑The Scarlet Letter 《红字》
4. Edgar Allan Poe 爱伦·坡
十九世纪美国诗人、小说家和文学评论家。创立了侦探、惊悚小说的类型基础。
5. Henry David Thoreau 梭罗Walden 《瓦尔登湖》散文集
6. Walt Whitman 惠特曼
the greatest innovator and pioneer in American poetry
诗集Leaves of Grass 《草叶集》
7. Herman Melville麦尔维尔
Moby Dick 《白鲸》
ⅢThe Age of Realism and Naturalism 现实主义及自然主义文学
1. Mark Twain 马克·吐温
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn《哈克贝里·芬历险记》
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 《汤姆·索亚历险记》
2. Henry James 亨利·詹姆斯The Portrait of a Lady 《贵妇人画像》
3. Theodore Dreiser 德莱塞Sister Carrie 《嘉莉妹妹》
4. Jack London杰克·伦敦The Call of the Wild 《野性的呼唤》
5. Harriet Beecher Stowe：Uncle Tom's Cabin
斯托夫人：《汤姆叔叔的小屋》
ⅣTwentieth-Century American Literature Before the War 20世纪文学1. Robert Frost 弗罗斯特
We have ever learnt one of his poem Two Roads Diverged In A Yellow Wood.
其诗歌相对还是较浅显易懂的
Here's another piece of work of Frost:
Stopping By Woods on a Snowy Evening
Whose woods these are I think I know.
His house is in the village though;
He will not see me stopping here,
To watch his woods fill up with snow.
My little horse must think it queer.
To stop without a farmhouse near.
Between the woods and frozen lake.
The darkest evening of the year.
He gives his harness bells a shake.
To ask if there is some mistake.
The only other sound's the sweep.
Of easy wind and downy flake.
The woods are lovely, dark and deep.
But I have promises to keep,
And miles to go before I sleep,
And miles to go before I sleep.
2. Ezra Pound庞德
a forerunner or founder of American modern poetry
美国现代诗歌的先驱及创始人
Imagism 意象派In a Station of the Metro《在地铁车站》:
The apparition of these faces in the crowd.
Petals on a wet, black bough.
3. T. S. Eliot 艾略特The Waste Land 《荒原》
4.F. Scott Fitzgerald 菲茨杰拉德The Great Gatsby 《了不起的盖茨比》
5. William Faulkner 福克纳The Sound and the Fury 《喧哗与骚动》
6.Margaret Mitchell 玛格丽特米切尔Gone with the wind 《飘》
7. Ernest Hemingway 海明威The Old Man and the Sea 《老人与海》
《研究生英语英美文学欣赏》课程简介
《研究生英语英美文学欣赏》课程简介 课程编号： 课程名称：研究生英语英美文学欣赏 学时与学分：34学时/1学分 时间：2013-2 ---- 2013-7 教学对象：全日制非英语专业研究生 教师：刘晓燕等 课程描叙 一、课程性质和任务 本课程的目的是为培养理解和鉴赏英国和美国文学原著的能力而设置一门选修课程，旨在使学生掌握英国和美国文学源流和发展的基础上，通过阅读代表性的英国和美国文学作品，理解作品的内容，学会分析作品的艺术特色，并努力掌握正确评价文学作品的标准和方法，增强对作品中表现的社会生活和人物感情的理解，提高语言基本功和阅读文学作品的能力和鉴赏水平，提升整体人文素质。本课程的主要内容包括英国和美国文学史上代表作家的简要介绍和作品选读，结合英国和美国文学各个历史断代的主要历史背景，文学文化思潮和流派，社会政治、经济、文化等对英国和美国文学史上最具有影响、最具有代表性的作家的作品中的艺术特色、主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格和思想意义等进行深入地分析。 本课程主要为英美文学欣赏课，课堂讲授与研讨相结合。教师布置学生课前对作家生平、历史背景、和阅读材料进行研究，课堂上进行重点阅读和分析。本课程要求学生大量阅读，结合课堂上所讲授的英美文学的基本知识点和文学理论批评方法，体会经典文学作品的语言精妙之处、人物塑造方法、情节架构、文学修辞手法、写作技巧等等，并进而了解历史时代背景、文化知识、社会政经形势等。此外，本课程还要求学生能积极参与课堂讨论，鼓励新观点和新视角，能运用文学理论批评方法研究作品，学期中将不定期地布置相关作业，学期末将以学术论文的形式考查学习效果。 二、课程的教学内容及学时分配 第1学时英国文艺复兴时期简介 重点：文艺复兴；人文主义；主要作家和艺术特色 第2-3学时莎士比亚（I）（II） 重点：要重点理解莎士比亚思想和创作风格的变化，了解莎士比亚十四行诗的特点，品味莎士比亚作品的特色，能够对莎士比亚部分作品进行现代阐释。 第4学时弗朗西斯·培根和约翰·多恩 重点：理解培根的“论学习”的主要内容和修辞手法的运用；理解玄学派诗歌在16、17世纪的发展，其文艺宗旨与当时的文艺思潮的区别。
英美文学史 复习资料
美国文学史 1，Benjamin Franklin：merchant family，an apprentice in a printing house 2，Emerson：family：clergyman，philosophy of the soul，美国孔子，文明之父，transcendentalism（超验主义nature的出 版，nature is ennobling and individual is divine神圣的）chief spokesman, 最终除了你自己的思想头脑外,没有什么是神 圣的，the ame scholar（speech） 3，Ellen Poe：a poet and fiction writer，begin his literary by writing poets 4，Nathaniel Hawthorne：man and human history originates in puritanism（清教主义）,view ：there is evil in every heart，描写人性和社会的阴暗面，young goodman brown （desperate and gloomy）揭示每个人都有邪恶的秘密， rappaccini`s daughter(人性罪恶之源)，ambiguity is one of the salient characteristics of his art，美国文学史上最受争议的 （ambivalent）,intellectuals us appears as villains(恶棍) in his story，the house of the seven gables，the marble faun，the blithedale romance，the scarlet letter（加尔文主义） 5，Walt Whitman：family：carpenter（木匠）free verse（自由诗体），leaves of grass(获得成功的原因：the democratic ideas)歌整体和部分，when the lilacs last in the dooryard bloomed
英美文学名词解释(1)
Epic: A long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecti ng the values of the society from which it originated. The style of epic is grand宏伟的 and elevated高尚的. John Milton wrote three great epics:Paradise Lost,Paradise Regained and Samson Agonistes. Sonnet(十四行诗 A sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme Renaissance the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival复活 of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition过渡from the medieval to the modern world.the essence of the Renaissance is Humanism The Renaissance Period A period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance. Humanism人文主义 Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. 2>it emphasizes the dignity of human beings and the impo rtance of the present life.Humanists voiced their belie fs that man was the center of the universe and man did not
美国文学史复习提纲 名词解释
I. Explain the following literary terms(名词解释). 1. Romanticism The most profound and comprehensive idea of romanticism is the vision of a greater personal freedom for the individual. Appeals to imagination; Stress on emotion rather than reason; optimism, gen iality. Subjectivity: in form and meaning. 2 American transcendentalism American transcendentalism was an important movement in philosophy and literature that flourished during the early to middle years of the nineteenth century (about 1836-1860). For the transcendentalists, the soul of each individual is identical with the soul of the world and contains what the world contains. 3 Realism: ―nothing more and nothing less than the truthful treatment of material.‖ the Civil war a. verisimilitude of details derived from observation b. representative in plot, setting and character c. an objective rather than an idealized view of human experience or（American Realism: In American literature, the Civil War brought the Romantic Period to an end. The Age of Realism came into existence. It came as a reaction against the lie of romanticism and sentimentalism. Realism turned from an emphasis on the strange toward a faithful rendering of the ordinary, a slice of life as it is really lived. It expresses the concern for commonplace and the low, and it offers an objective rather than an idealistic view of human nature and human experience.） 4. Modernism like modernism in general is a trend of thought that affirms the power of human beings to create, improve, and reshape their environment, with the aid of scientific knowledge, technology and practical experimentation, and is thus in its essence both progressive and optimistic. The general term covers many political, cultural and artistic movements rooted in the changes in Western society at the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth century. American modernism is an artistic and cultural movement in the United States starting at the turn of the 20th century with its core period between World War I and World War II and continuing into the 21st century. 5、American Puritanism: Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the Puritans. The Puritans were originally members of a division of the Protestant Church. The first settlers who became the founding fathers of the American nation were quite a few of them. They were a group of serious, religious people, advocating highly religious and moral principles. As the word itself hints, Puritans wanted to purity their religious beliefs and practices. They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace form God. As a culture heritage, Puritanism did have a profound influence on the early American mind. American Puritanism also had a enduring influence on American literature. 6、Transcendentalism: In New England, an intellectual movement known as transcendentalism developed as an American version of Romanticism. The movement began among an influential set of authors based in Concord, Massachusetts and was led by Ralph Waldo Emerson. Like Romanticism, transcendentalism rejected both 18th century rationalism and established religion, which for the transcendentalists meant the Puritan tradition in particular. The transcendentalists celebrated the power of the human imagination to commune with the universe and transcend the limitations of the material world. They found their chief source of inspiration in nature. Emerson’s essay Nature was the major document of the transcendental school and stated the ideas that were to remain central to it. 7、Free verse: free verse is the rhymed or unrhymed poetry composed without attention to conventio nal rules of meter. Free verse was first written and labeled by a group of French poets of the late 19th century. Their purpose was to deliver poetry from the restrictions of formal metrical patterns and to recreate the free rhythms of natural speech. Walt Whitman was the precursor who wrote lines of varying length and cadence, usually not rhymed. The emotional content or meaning of the work was expressed through its rhythm. Free verse has been characteristic of the work of many modern American poets, including Ezra Pound and Carl Sandburg. 8、Naturalism: A more deliberate kind of realism in novels, stories and plays, usually involving a view of human beings as passive victims of natural forces and social environment. Naturalism was a new and harsher realism. It
英美文学史(作家及作品)
English Literature Geoffrey Chaucer: the Father of English Poetry the Founder of English Realism the Master of modern English language The pioneer of the English Renaissance Beowulf: National epic of the Anglo-Saxons The story of Beowulf is a folk legend which reflects the feature of the tribal world.
英美文学名词解释
1. In the medieval period ， it is Chaucer alone who ， for the first time in English literature ， presented to usa comprehensive __picture of the English society of his time and created a whole galery of vivid ___ from all walks of life in his masterpiece “the Canterbury Tales ”。 A. visionary / women B. romantic /men C. realistic / characters D. natural / figures 2. Although ____ was essentially a medieval writer, he bore marks of humanism and anticipated a new era of literature to come. A. William Langland B. John Gower C. Geoffrey Chaucer D. Edmund Spenser 3. Humanism spume from the endeavor to restore a medieval reverence for the antique authors and is frequently taken as the beginning of the Renaissance on its conscious ，intellectual side ，for the Greek and Roman civilization was based on the conception that man is the ____ of all things . A. measure B. king C. lover D. rule 4. The essence of humanism is to ______. A. restore a medieval reverence for the church B. avoid the circumstances of earthly life C. explore the next world in which men could live after death D. emphasize human qualities 5. Many people today tend to regard the play “ The Merchant of Venice ” as a satire of the hypocrisy of ___ and their false standards of friendship and love ， their cunning ways of pursuing worldliness and their unreasoning prejudice against _________ . A. Christians / Jews B. Jews / Christians C. oppressors / oppressed D. people / Jews 6. In “ Sonnet 18 ”， Shakespeare has a profound meditation on the destructive power of _________ and the eternal __________ brought forth by poetry to the one he loves . A. death/ life B. death/ love C. time / beauty D. hate / love 7.In The Pilgrim’s Progress, John Bunyan describes The Vanity Fair in a ______ tone. A. delightful B. satirical C. sentimental D. solemn 8. The religious reformation in the early 16th-century England was a reflection of the class struggles waged by the _____. A. rising bourgeoisie against the feudal class and its ideology B. working class against the corruption of the bourgeoisie C. landlord class against the rising bourgeoisie and its ideology D. feudal class against the corruption of the Catholic Church 9. The ______ was a progressive intellectual movement throughout western Europe in the 18th century . A. Renaissance B. Enlightenmrent C. Religious Reformation D. Chartist Movement 10.The 18th century witnessed a new literary form -the modern English novel, which, contrary to the medieval romance, gives a ______ presentation of life of the common English people. A. romantic B. idealistic C. prophetic D. realistic 1. The title of the novel “ A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man ” written by James Joyce suggests a character study with strong _________ elements .
美国文学简史名词解释定义
American Puritanism: Puritanism was a religious reform movement that arose within the Church of England in the late sixteenth century. Under siege from church and crown, it sent an offshoot in the third and forth decades of the seventeenth century to the northern English colonies in the New World--- a migration that laid the foundation for the religious, intellectual, and social order of New England, Puritanism, however,was not only a historically specific phenomenon coincident with the founding of New England; it was also a way of being in the world---a style of response to lived experience---that has reverberated through American life ever since. Doctrinally, Puritans adhered to the Five Points of Calvinism as codified at the Synod of Dort in 1619:(1) unconditional election ( the idea that God had decreed who was damned and who was saved from before the beginning of the world); (2) limited atonement ( the idea that Christ died for the elect only); (3) total depravity (humanity's utter corruption since the Fall); (4) irresistible grace (regeneration as entirely a work of God, which cannot be resisted and to which the sinner contributes nothing); and (5) the perseverance of the saints (the elect, despite their backsliding and faintness of heart , cannot fall away from grace). American Dream: The American Dream is the faith held by many in the United States of America that through hard work, courage, and determination one can achieve a better life for oneself, usually through financial prosperity. These were values held by many early European settlers, and have been passed on to subsequent generations. Nowadays the American Dream has led to an emphasis on material wealth as a measure of success and\ or happiness. Gothic tradition: Gothic novel or Gothic romance is a story of terror and suspense, usually set in a gloomy old castle or monastery. In an extended sense, many novels that do not have a medievalized setting, but which share a comparably sinister, grotesque, or chaustrophobic atmosphere have been classed as Gothic. It contributed to the new emotional climate of Romanticism. Historical novel: a novel in which the action takes place during a specific historical period well before the time of writing ( often one or two generations before, sometimes several centuries), and in which some attempt is made to depict accurately the customs and mentality of the period. The central character---real or imagined---is usually subject to divided loyalties within a larger historic conflict of which readers know the outcome. The pioneers of this genre were Walter Scott and James Fenimore Cooper American Romanticism:Romanticism refers to an artistic and intellectual movement originating in Europe in the late 18th century and characterized by a heightened interest in nature, emphasis on the individual's expression of emotion and imagination, departure from the attitudes and forms of classicism, and rebellion against established social rules and conventions. The romantic period in American literature stretched from the end of the 18th century through the outbreak of the Civil
英美文学欣赏知识点
英美文学欣赏知识点100句 1.The work that presented,for the first time in English literature,a comprehensive realistic picture of the medieval English society and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life is Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales. 首次在英国文学，中世纪英国社会的全面逼真的画面，创造了从各行各业生动的人物整体画廊是杰弗里·乔叟的坎特伯雷故事集。 2. Geoffrey Chaucer is regarded as the father of English poetry. 乔叟被看作是英国诗歌之父。 3. The verse form of heroic couplet was introduced into English poetry and employed in the poem with true ease and charm for the first time in the history of English literature by Geoffrey Chaucer. 3.英雄对联的诗体被引入英国诗歌和诗与真正的轻松和魅力，第一次在英国文学的杰弗里·乔叟的历史就业。 4. The Canterbury Tales presents a whole gallery of vivid characters,the team of pilgrims,people from all walks of life,including 31 members altogether. 4.坎特伯雷故事呈现生动的人物整体画廊，朝圣者的队伍，来自各行各业，其中包括31名成员共有人。 5. Generally,Renaissance refers to the intellectual movement during the period between 14th and mid-17th centuries,its essence was humanism. 5.一般来说，文艺复兴是指智力运动在14和中17世纪之间的时期，它的本质是人文精神。 6. English Renaissance Period was an age of poetry and drama.
英美文学史下册
Preview for William Wordsworth I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud 1.Identify the poetic form （01黄唯隽，02李景怡） 2. What is the dominant image? How does the speaker feel like about this image?Is the speaker’s mood changed at the sight of this image? （03黎露琼，04刘江雨） 3. What kind of figures of speech are used here? What is the feature of the language? （05周嘉慧，06罗慧） 4.How do you interpret “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings, which originates in emotion recollected in tranquility” ?(use some of the poetic lines) （07吴明珠，08阳灿） She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways Try to appreciate the poem (meter, rhyme, theme ,rhetorical devices, etc.). https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5917021750.html,pare William Wordsworth and Tao Yuanming. What are their similarities and dissimilarities? （09彭腾，10孙琴） Preview for Jane Austen and Pride and Prejudice Questions for consideration: 6. Pride and Prejudice is also named “the first impression”, do you think that the first impression is very important for you to know others? （11段冬平，12张贵红） 7. Must a single man in possession of a good fortune, be in want of a wife? If your answer is “no”, how would you improve this “truth”? （13王瑞芳，14李亮） 8. What are your opinions on love and marriage? （15曾卉，16章晗）
英美文学四大思潮名词解释(全英)
Romanticism began in the mid-18th century and reached its height in the 19th century.It was an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe.The ideologies and events of the French Revolution and the Industrial Revolution laid the background for Romanticism. The Enlightenment also had influence on Romanticism .It was a revolt against the aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature.The movement validated strong emotion as an authentic source of aesthetic experience, placing new emphasis on such emotions as apprehension, horror and terror, and awe.The Romantic literature of the nineteenth century concentrating on emotion, nature, and the expression of "nothing".famous romanticism writers are such as william Wordsworth:lyrical ballods、william whitman ：leaves of grass Realism beginning with mid nineteenth-century French literature and extending to late-19th- and early-20th-century .It was a reaction againest romanticism and paved the way to modernism.the realism is product of europe capitalist system?s establishment and development.the philosophy and science of europe in 19th century has promated its production authors trend to depictions of contemporary life and society as it was, or is. In the spirit of general "realism" ,realist authors opted for depictions of everyday and banal activities and experiences, instead of a romanticized or similarly stylized