考研英语听力考试中容易混淆的词语及其表达法
考研英语听力考试中容易混淆的词语及其表达法
1） a big time：尽兴，高兴的时刻
e.g. I had a big time there.
the big time：第一流，最高级
e.g. Don’t worry, you are in the big time now.
2）according to：按照，根据
e.g. They were commended or criticized according to their work. according as：随……而定
e.g. The thermometer rises or falls according as the air is hot or cold. 3）admit to：承认
e.g. I have to admit to a dislike for modern music.
admit sb.(in) to：允许某人进入某地或加入某组织、行业
e.g. They have admitted me into their club.
4）all for：完全赞成
e.g. I am all for holding a me eting to discuss it.
for all：尽管
e.g. They could not open the box for all their forces.
5）all in all：总的说来
e.g. All in all, it is a success.
all in：疲倦，筋疲力尽
e.g. He was all in, but he stuck it out.
6）as it is (was)：照目前的情况来看
e.g. As it is, we shall be able t o complete our task in time.
as it were：可以说，姑且这样说
e.g. He is, as it were, a walking dictionary.
7）as much as：几乎，实际上
e.g. By running away he as much as admitted that he had taken the money.
as much…as：与……一样多
e.g. It is as much our responsibility as yours.
8）as well：也，还是……为好
e.g. He gave me advice, and money as well.
Since you have begun to do it, you may as well finish it.
as well as：不仅……而且，除……之外
e.g. With television, we see a picture as well as hearing sound.
Small towns as well as big cities are being ra pidly industrialized.
9）at one time从前某个时期
e.g. At one time, we met frequentl y.
at a time：每次，一次
e.g. You can borrow only two books at a time.
10）attach to：属于，归因于
e.g. No blame attaches to him.
attach oneself to：参加，加入
e.g. He attached himself to the group of climbers.
11）be a credit to：为……增光
e.g. I hope you will be a credit to your school.
do credit to：为……增进荣誉
e.g. This piece of work does credit to you.
12）bear in mind：记住
e.g. I hope you will bear in mind all I am saying.
have in mind：考虑
e.g. Don’t give your confidence to others regarding the plan you have in mind.
13）begin with：以……为起点
e.g. He advised me to begin with something easy.
to begin with：首先
e.g. To begin with, we must consider the problem from all sides.
14）build up：逐步建成，增强
e.g. They are trying hard to build up an independent economy.
He went for an ocean voyage and built up his health.
build on：以……为基础，依赖
e.g. Let’s build on your idea.
We shall build on your supporting us.
15）by day：在白天
e.g. Most of them work by day and study by night.
by the day：（指工作报酬等）按日计算
e.g. Will you pay me by the day or by the hour?
16）can but只好……罢了
e.g. We can but try to make him see how unreasonable he has been. cannot but：不得不，禁不住
e.g. I cannot but tell her the truth.(=I cannot help telling her the truth)
17）come forth：出现，发行
e.g. Many new things are coming forth..
Do you know that a set of new stamps has come forth?
come forward：自告奋勇，提出供讨论
They have come forward with an offer to help.
The matter was deferred at last evening’s meeting, but will come forward at our next session.
18）compare …to比拟（指出其中的相似点）
e.g. Man’s life is often compared to a candle.
compare …with：把……和……相比（指出其不同之处）
e.g. He compared his camera with mine.
19）consist in：包含在……中
e.g. Happiness consists in good health.
consist of：由……组成
e.g. The apartment c onsisted of two rooms and a kitchen.
20）end on：两端相碰，正对
e.g. The two ships collided each other end on.
We shouldn’t place the bicycles end on.
on end：竖着，连续地，不断地
e.g. Place the box on end.
She often works for 20 hours on end.
21）familiar to：某事为某人熟知
e.g. There were facts not familiar to me.
familiar with：熟悉或通晓某事
e.g. He is familiar with English, German and French..
22) feel for sb.：同情某人，为某人难过
e.g. I feel for you in your sorrow.
feel for sth：（用手、脚、棍子等）摸索，寻找某物
e.g. She felt under the pillow for her watch.
23) for a moment：片刻，一会儿
e.g. She was silent for a moment, weighing in her mind the pros and cons.
for the moment：此刻、暂时
e.g. I cannot recall his name for the moment.
24) get down：下去，下来；写下来
e.g. The bus was so jammed that I could not get down.
Here’s the telephone number I got down for you.
get down to：认真着手进行处理
e.g. It is no good shirking the job, it will have to be got down to.
25) get into trouble with sb.：遭到某人的（训斥等）
e.g. Poor Tom is always getting into trouble with the boss.
get sb. into trouble：使某人陷入困境
e.g. The letter got me into trouble.
26) give sb. a hand：帮助某人或参与某人做某事
e.g. Give me a hand with the cleaning, please.
give sb. one’s hand：与某人握手
e.g. She gave me her hand and wished me a good trip.
27) go through：检查，搜查；通过，穿过
e.g. They went through our luggage at the customs.
It took us a whole week to go through the great forest.
go through with：把……坚持到底
e.g. We should go through with the experiment now we’ve started.
28) good for：有益于
e.g. This book is good for your English study.
for good：永久地
e.g. The lost money was gone for good.
29) have a fancy for：爱好，喜爱
e.g. She has a fancy for nice clothes.
have a fancy that：猜想，认为
e.g. I have a fancy that he will come tonight.
30) head up：领头；领导
e.g. A band headed up the parade.
Mr. Jones will head up the new business.
heads up：注意，小心
e.g. Heads up, now! You can do better than that.
31) in a way：在某种程度上
e.g. In a way, it is an important book.
in the way：妨碍，挡路
I will visit you next weekend if there is nothing in the way.
32) in black：穿黑色衣服
e.g. Arabian women are always dressed in black clothes.
in the black：赢利，赚钱
New production methods put the company in the black.
33) in charge of：负责
e.g. Who is in charge of this work?
in the charge of：照护
e.g. The patients are in the charge of the nurse.
34) in hand：控制
e.g. There was a little riot ing, but the police soon had the situation in hand.
hand in：递交，交给
e.g. He handed in his resignation in protest against it.
35) in one’s honor：向……表示敬意或感谢
e.g. The day was kept as a holiday in honor of victory.
on one’s honor：用人格担保
e.g. We were on our honor not to cheat on the exam.
36) in possession of：占有
e.g. He is in possession of this house.
in the possession of：被占有
e.g. The keys are in the possession of the door keeper.
37) in spirit：在内心，在精神上
e.g. In spirit, at least, these laws were very fair.
in spirits：情绪或心情（好、坏等）
e.g. He is in poor spirits because of his failing in the exam.
38) keep up：继续，保持
e.g. They entered into a correspondence which was kept up for almost ten years.
keep up with：与……齐步前进，跟上
e.g. With their help, he has kept up with the class.
39) look about：环视
e.g. He looked about him with great interest.
look about for：四处寻找
e.g. She was looking about for the key she had just lost.
40) look up：向上看
e.g. He looked up and nodded to me.
look up to：尊敬
e.g. It must be rewarding to be looked up to by so m any people.
41) make one’s way：开路
e.g. As soon as he saw us, the teacher made his way through the crowd to greet us.
make one’s way to：向……走去
e.g. In the evening we made our way to the appointed meeting place.
42) measure to：测量到某一精度
e.g. Measure this part t o mm.
measure up to：够得上，可以匹敌
e.g. The new techniques measure up to advanced world standard.
43) more than：很，非常
e.g. He was more than upset by the accident.
more…than：比……更
e.g. I regarded her more highl y than me.
44) much as：虽然
e.g. Much as I should like to go, I can’t go right now.
as much：同样的或同样多少的
e.g. You have always helped me and I will always do as much for you.
45. no less than：不亚于，竟达……之多
e.g. There were no less than one hundred people at the meeting.
not less than：不比……差，至少
e.g. There were not less t han one hundred people at the meeting.
请大家注意区分以上两句的差别，第一句是指“竟达100人之多”，第二句则是“至少有100人”，要明白no less than是一种强调说法，它和not less than的区别在于事先假定的程度或是数量有所不同，no less than在某种意义上说来没有超过的意思，而not less than 可能会超过，这种表达方式正好与no more than以及not more than 相反。
46. no more than：同样不；仅仅，只有
e.g. This book is no more interesting than that one.
It is no more than empty talk.
not more than：不比……更，不如；至多
e.g. He is not more clever than you are.
There were not more than 5 factories in our city before liberation.
47. on sale：出售的；廉价出售
e.g. Many new farm tools are on sale in this store.
I got this book on sale; it was very cheap.
for sale：出售的，上市的
e.g. I shall put these goods up for sale.
在作“出售的”的意思的时候，on sale和for sale还是有一些不同的，一般来说，for sale多指物主亲自或委托代理人经手出售，而on sale通常表示店里的货物是供出售的。
48. once again：再一次
e.g. I want to try this once again.
once and again：一再
e.g. I have told him once and again not to do that.
49. out of question：毫无疑问，必定
e.g. Out of question, this plan can be fulfilled ahead of time.
out of the question：不可能的
e.g. What you propose is out of the question.
50. refer to：提及，涉及
e.g. I would like to refer back to the first of my three points.
refer to…as：称作，叫做
e.g. Coal is often referred to as food for industry.
51. search sb.：认真搜查某人身体
e.g. They searched him but nothing was found on him.
search for sb.：搜查某地为找到某人
e.g. They searched for him everywhere but failed.
52. settle down：落下；定居
e.g. The dust slowly settled down.
He has settled down in the countryside.
settle down to：专心致力于；逐渐习惯于
e.g. He settled down to his homework.
They settled down to a new job.
53. speak for itself：不言而喻
e.g. One does not to be told that this fact speaks for itsel
f.
speak for oneself：发表本人的意见
e.g. What others think I do not know, I can onl y speak for mysel
f.
54. submit to：屈服于
e.g. He has to submit to an operation.
submit…to：提交
e.g. They must submit the case to the court.
新东方必背一百句
Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope , or pronghorn.
Of the millions who saw Haley’s comet in 1986,how many people will live long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century. Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.
Because of its irritating effect on humans , the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largel y, disco ntinued.
In order to remain in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable.
The greater the population there is in a locality, the greater the need there is for water, transportati on, and disposal of refuse.
It is more difficult to write simply, directly and effectively than to employ flowery but vague expressions that onl y obscure one’s meaning.
With modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize t hem with warmer,. Less severe interiors. The difference between libel and slander is that libel is printed while slander is spoken.
The knee is the joint where the thing bone meets the large bone of the lower leg.
Acids are chemical compounds that, in wate r solution, have a sharp taste, a corrosive action on metals, and the ability to turn certain blue vegetable dyes red.
Billie Holiday’s reputation as a great jazz-blues singer rests on her ability to give emotional depth to her songs.
Essentially, theory i s an abstract, symbolic representation of what is conceived to be reality.
Long before children are able to speak or understand a language, the y communicate through facial expressions and by making noises. Thanks to modern irrigation, crops now grow abunda ntl y in areas where once nothing but cacti and sagebrush could live.
The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for more accurate sundials with which to regulate them.
Anthropology is a science in that anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and techniques to document observations that can be checked by others.
Fungi are important in the process of decay, which returns ingredients to the soil, enhances soil fertility, and decomposes animal debris. When it is struck, a tuning fork prod uces an almost pure tone, retaining its pitch over a long period of time.
Although pecans are most plentiful in the southeastern part of the United States, they are found as far north as Ohio and Illinois. Eliminating problems by transferring the blame to others is often called scapegoating.
The chief foods eaten in any country depend largel y on what grows best in its climate and soil.
Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event’s occurring is equal to the probability that it will not oc cur.
Most substance contract when they freeze so that the density of a substance’s solid is higher than the density of its liquid.
The mechanism by which brain cells store memories is not clearl y understood.
By the middle of the twentieth century, painters and sculptors in the United States had begun to exert a great worldwide influence over art. In the eastern part of New Jersey lies the city of Elizabeth, a major shopping and manufacturing center.
Elizabeth Blackwell, the first woman medical doctor in the United States, founded the New York infirmary, an institution that has always had a completely female medical staff.
Alexander Graham Bell once told his family that he would rather be remembered as a teacher of the deaf than as the inventor of the telephone.
Because its leaves remain green long after being picked, rosemary became associated with the idea of remembrance.
Although apparently rigid, bones exhibit a degree of elasticity that enables the skeleton to withstand considerable impact.
That xenon could not form chemical compounds was once believed by scientists.
Research into the dynamics of storms is directed toward improving the ability to predict these events and thus to minimize damage and avoid loss of life.
The elimination of inflation would ens ure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have the same value as the amount of money borrowed.
Futurism, an earl y twentieth-century movement in art, rejected all traditions and attempted to glorify contemporary life by emphasizing the machine and motion.
One of the widest and most inaccessible parts of the United States is the Everglades where wildlife is abundant and largel y protected. Lucretia Mott’s influence was so significant that she has been credited by some authorities as the origi nator of feminism in the United States.
The activities of the international marketing researcher are frequentl y much broader than those of the domestic marketer.
The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in North American Rockies that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from those flowing into the Pacific.
Studies of the gravity field of the Earth indicate that its crust and mantle yield when unusual weight is placed on them.
The annual worth of Utah’s manufacturing is greater than t hat of its mining and faming combined.
The wallflower is so called because its weak stems often grow on walls and along stony cliffs for support.
It is the interaction between people, rather than the events that occur in their lives, that is the main focus of social psychology.
No social crusade aroused Elizabeth William’s enthusiasm more than the expansion of educational facilities for immigrants to the United States.
Quails typicall y have short rounded wings that enable them to spring into full flight ins tantly when disturbed in their hiding places. According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees facially, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows.
Not until 1866 was fully successful transatlantic c able finally laid.
In his writing, John Crowe Ransom describes what he considers the spiritual barrenness of society brought about by science and technology.
Children with parents whose guidance is firm, consistent, and rational are inclined to possess high levels of self-confidence.
The ancient Hopewell people of North America probably cultivated corn and other crops, but bunting and gathering were still of critical importance in their econom y.
Using many symbols makes it possible to put a large amount of information on a single map.
Anarchism is a term describing a cluster of doctrines and attitudes whose principal uniting feature is the belief that government is both harmful and unnecessary.
Probably no man had more effect on the daily lives of most peopl e in the United States than did Henry Ford a pioneer in automobile production.
The use of well-chosen nonsense words makes possible the testing of many basic hypotheses in the field of language learning.
The history of painting is a fascinating chain of ev ents that probably began with the very first pictures ever made.
Perfectl y matched pearls, strung into a necklace, bring a far higher price than the same pearls sold individually.
During the eighteenth century, Little Turtle was chief of the Miami tribe whose territory became what is now Indiana and Ohio.
Among almost seven hundred species of bamboo. Some are fully grown at less than a foot high, while others can grow three feet in twenty-four hours.
Before starting on a sea voyages, prudent navigators lear n the sea charts, study the sailing directions, and memorize lighthouse locations to prepare themselves for any conditions they might encounter.
Of all the economically important plants, palms have been the least studied.
Buyers and sellers should be aware new developments in technology can and does affect marketing activities.
The applications of electronic controls made possible by the microprocessor and computer storage have multiplied the uses of the modern typewriter.
The human skeleton consists of mor e than two hundred bones bound together by tough and relativel y inelastic connective tissues called ligaments.
The pigmentation of a pearl is influenced by the type of oyster in which it develops and by the depth, temperature, and the salt content of the water in which the oyster lives.
Although mockingbirds superbl y mimic the songs and calls of many birds, they can nonetheless be quickly identified as mockingbirds by certain aural clues. Not only can walking fish live out of water, but they can also travel short distances over land.
Scientists do not know why dinosaurs became extinct, but some theories postulate that changes in geography, climate, and sea levels were responsible.
The science of horticulture, in which the primary concerns are maximum yield and superior quality, utilizes information derived from other sciences.
Snow aids farmers by keeping heat in the lower ground levels, thereby saving the seeds from freezing.
Even though the precise qualities of hero in literary words may vary over time, the basic exemplary function of the hero seems to remain constant.
People in prehistoric times created paints by grinding materials such as plants and clay into power and then adding water.
Often very annoying weeds, goldenrods crowd out less hardy plants and act as hosts to many insect pests.
Starting around 7000 BC, and for the next four thousand years, mush of the Northern Hemisphere experienced temperatures warmer than at present.
When Henry Ford first sought financial backing for making cars, the very notion of farmers and clerks owning automobiles was considered ridiculous.
Though once quite large, the population of the bald eagle across North America has drasticall y declined in the past forty years.
The beaver chews down trees to get food and material wi th which to build its home.
Poodles were once used as retrievers in duck hunting, but the American Kennel Club does not consider them sporting dogs because they are now primarily kept as pests.
As a result of what is now known in physics and chemistry, sci entists have been able to make important discoveries in biology and medicine.
The practice of making excellent films based on rather obscure novels has been going on so long in the United States as to constitute a tradition.
Since the consumer considers th e best fruit to be the most attractive, the grower must provide products that satisfy the discerning eye. Television, the most pervasive and persuasive of modern technologies, marked by rapid change and growth, is moving into a new era, an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world.
Television is more than just electronics; it is a means of expression, as well as a vehicle for communication, and as such becomes a powerful tool for reaching other hu man beings.
Even more shocking is the fact that the number and rate of imprisonment have more than doubled over the past twent y years, and recidivism-that is the rate for rearrest-is more than 60 percent.
His teaching began at the Massachusetts institute o f Technology, but William Rainey Harper lured him to the new universit y of Chicago, where he remained officiall y for exactly a generation and where his students in advanced composition found him terrifyingly frigid in the classroom but sympathetic and unde rstanding in their personal conferences.
The sloth pays such little attention to its personal hygiene that green algae grow on its coarse hair and communities of a parasitic moth live in the depths of its coat producing caterpillars which graze on its mouldy hair. Its muscles are such that is quits incapable of moving at speed of over a kilometer an hour even over the shortest distances and the swiftest movement it can make is a sweep of its hooked arm.
Artificial flowers are used for scientific as well as for decorative purposes. They are made from a variet y of materials, such as wax and glass, so skillfully that they can scarcel y be distinguished from natural flowers.
Three years of research at an abandoned coal mine in Argonne, Illinois, have resulted in findings that scientists believe can help reclaim thousands of mine disposal sites that scar the coal-rich regions of the United States.
When the persuading and the planning for the western railroads had finally been completed, the really challenging task remained: the dangerous, sweat y, backbreaking, brawling business of actuall y building the lines.
Because of the space crunch, the Art Museum has become increasingl y cautious in considering acquisitions and donations of art, in some cases passing up opportu nities to strengthen its collections. The United States Constitution requires that President be a natural-born citizen, thirty-five years of age or older, who has lived in the United States for a minimum of fourteen years.
Arid regions in the southwestern United States have become increasingl y inviting playgrounds for the growing number of recreation seekers who own vehicles such as motorcycles or powered trail bikes and indulge in hill-climbing contests or in caving new tails in the desert.
Stone does not decay, and so tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the man who made them have disappeared without trace.
Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it we re not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.
It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties an dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement.
There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young man has a glorious future before him and old one has a splendid future behind him, and maybe that is where the rub is.
I find young people exciting. They have air of freedom, and they have not a dreary commitment to mean ambitions or love comfort. They are not anxious social climber, and they have no devotion to material things.
I am always amazed when I hear people saying th at sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield.
It is impossible to say simply for the fun and exercis e: as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you love, the most savage combative instincts are around.
It has been found that certain bats emit squeaks and by receiving the echoes, they can locate and steer clear of obstacles-or locate fl ying insects on which they feed. This echo-location in bats is often compared with radar, the principle of which is similar.
As the time and cost of making a chip drop to a few days and a few hundred dollars, engineers may soon be free to let their imaginations soar without being penalized by expensive failure.