研究生英语阅读教程(基础级2版)课文09及其翻译

The Weird World of Tobacco

By Anna Quidlen

[1] Imagine that millions of Americans are addicted to a lethal (poisonous/ deadly) drug, yet the Food and Drug Administration had repeatedly refused to regulate (control) it. Imagine that when (while) the FDA does its duty, an appeals court decides it cannot do so, that the drug is so dangerous that if the FDA regulated it, it would have to be banned.

[2] Welcome to the topsy-turvy (是非颠倒的) world of tobacco, where nothing much makes sense (be meaningful) except the vast profits, where tobacco-company executives slip-slide along the continuum (连续统一体) from aggrieved (sad) innocence to heartfelt (sincere真诚的) regret without breaking (shed blood) a sweat, and where the only people who seem to be able to shoot straight (hit the target命中目标的) are the jurors (judges) who decide the ubiquitous (common) lawsuits.

[3] The most recent panel (court) handed down a judgment of $ 145 billion—the largest jury award in history—on behalf of sick smokers in Florida. Lawyers for the tobacco companies thundered that the judgment would bankrupt them, yet the stock market scarcely (hardly) shuddered. Experts said the amount would likely (possible) be reduced when cooler judicial heads prevailed.

[4] The jurors—who gave up two years of their lives, listened to endless witnesses and yet deliberated (gave) only a few hours—could be forgiven if they felt they'd fallen down Alice's rabbit hole into Wonderland, where the Queen of Hearts cries "Off with their heads (Kill them)" but no one is ever executed (killed).

[5] Al Gore, for instance, inspired (=encouraged) by the death of his sister from lung cancer, has insisted that he will do everything he can to keep cigarettes out of the hands of children. But he says he would never outlaw cigarettes because millions of people smoke. How many users mandate legality? What about the estimated 3.6 million chronic cocaine users, or the 2. 4 million people who admit to having shot (injected) or snorted heroin?

[6] I can almost feel all the smokers, tired of standing outside their office buildings puffing in the rain, jumping up and down and yelling, "Tobacco is different from illicit drugs!" Because it is legal? Now there's a circular argument.

[7] A hundred years ago the sale of cigarettes was against the law in 14 states. The Supreme Court had concluded of (about) cigarettes, "They possess no virtue (good quality), but are inherently bad, and bad only." At the time (Then), Coca-Cola contained traces of cocaine, and heroin was in cough syrups.

[8] Since then tobacco companies have spread political contributions around like weedkiller on the lawn in summer, supporting largely complicit Republicans, who like free enterprise (and soft money) more than they hate emphysema. (George W. Bush responded to a question about the recent mega-settlement (judge/ decision) by bemoaning a litigious nation.)

[9] Responsibility-minded Americans accept (considered) the argument that individuals have the right to poison themselves, although studies showing that the vast majority of smokers began as minors (as young children) raise questions about informed consent.

[10] Official tobacco apologists (apology. n./ apologize. vt.) spent years insisting their product did not cause cancer, and then that it was not addictive (n.). Now they've done a 180, arguing that since there is no such thing as a safe cigarette, the FDA, created to regulate the safety of products, cannot touch them. If this sounds (=is) like having it both ways, that's because it is.

[11] Meanwhile (=at the same time), Philip Morris makes large contributions to soup kitchens, ballet companies, museums and shelters—being a good citizen with the profits of a product that kills 400, 000 people a year. And magazines run articles about the dangers of cigarettes in the same issues that advertise them.

[12] Even tobacco foes have fudged (hesitated). When Dr. David Kessler ran (administrate) the FDA, he publicly concluded (said) what everyone already knew: that cigarettes are nothing more than a delivery device (media) for nicotine, a dangerous and addictive drug. But the agency did not take the obvious next step. The Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act forbids the sale (sell) of any drug that is not safe and effective, and part of the FDA's mandate (responsibility) is to regulate devices. Cigarettes are a device (media/ equipment). The drug and chemicals they deliver are patently (obviously) unsafe. Ergo (Therefore), cigarettes should be banned.

[13] That's not going to happen in our lifetime. Too many tobacco farmers, too many tobacco addicts; a right to a livelihood (happiness), a right to a lifestyle. [These arguments (reasons) hold for (support) legalizing illicit drugs as well, but never mind.]

[14] "Prohibition" is a dirty word in America. But tobacco can in no way be compared with alcohol. Many people can and do drink safely and in moderation, while it is impossible to smoke without some pernicious health effects, and nearly (almost) all smokers can be described as addicts.

[15] Public-service announcements, catchy (attractive) commercials (advertisements) for kids, settlements with the states to recover (pay) health care costs: the tobacco companies, which once swore they were doing nothing wrong, are now willing to lose some ideological battles to win the war of the profit margin. One Philip Morris executive appearing at a recent (press) conference told Kessler, whose efforts to restrict sales and advertising aimed at children spawned (fought) a battle royal of billable hours, that he welcomed "serious regulation (control) of the tobacco industry at the federal level". Now they tell us.

[16] Why shouldn't the Marlboro men play the angles? The public and the pols have provided them with so many (chances to play angles).

[17] Here is the bottom line: cigarettes are the only legal product that, when (while) used as directed (directly) cause death. (843 words)

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Anna Quindlen (1956— ) is a graduate of Barnard College. As a columnist at The New York Times from 1981 to 1994, in 1990 Quindlen became only the third woman in the paper's history to write a regular column for its influential Op-Ed page. In 1992 Quindlen won the Pulitzer Prize for Commentary. In 2000, Quindlen became the first writer ever to have books appear on the fiction, nonfiction, and self-help New York Times Best Seller lists.

EXERCISES

I. Reading Comprehension

A. Answer the following questions or complete the following statements.

1. After a panel judgment of $ 145 billion was awarded, the stock market _____.

A. witnessed an immediate downturn

B. soared in a matter of days

C. slightly increased in sales volume

D. remained almost unaffected

2. Which of the following is closest in meaning to "without breaking a sweat" as used in Para. 2?

A. Without much difficulty.

B. Without much consideration.

C. Without much delay.

D. Without much guilt.

3. After the jurors reached the $ 145 billion verdict, tobacco companies _____.

A. had to pay the amount as demanded

B. didn't receive the punishment they deserve

C. announced to apply for bankruptcy

D. gave up profits for a better corporate image

4. What is the reason given by Al Gore for not banning cigarettes?

A. There are millions of smokers in the U. S.

B. There are millions of tobacco farmers in the U. S.

C. Tobacco companies are important tax-payers.

D. Tobacco consumption is a stimulus to economy.

5. Which of the following statements is true?

A. Sale of cigarettes has always been a legal commercial activity.

B. Use of cocaine or heroin has always been banned by law.

C. Cigarettes are not as harmful as cocaine or heroin in nature.

D. Cocaine or heroin used to be considered safer than cigarettes.

6. We can draw the conclusion that the author's attitude toward Republican policy on tobacco is _____.

A. supportive

B. indifferent

C. critical

D. obscure

7. What is the present argument put forward by tobacco companies to reject FDA regulation?

A. Little evidence proves that cigarettes can cause cancer.

B. Few smokers show signs as tobacco addicts.

C. FDA lacks the legal right to ban cigarettes.

D. Smokers have the right to smoke as they wish.

8. What does the author think of the arguments against banning cigarettes and the future of cigarettes?

A. The arguments are strong, and cigarettes will not be banned.

B. The arguments are strong, but cigarettes will be banned.

C. The arguments are not strong, and cigarettes will be banned.

D. The arguments are not strong, but cigarettes will not be banned.

9. The author's primary purpose in writing this text is to _____.

A. prove the harmful effects of cigarettes

B. advocate regulation and banning of cigarettes

C. analyze the lawsuits against tobacco companies

D. call on smokers to give up cigarettes

10. Tobacco companies are now willing to admit wrongdoing because they have their mind on _____.

A. smokers' health

B. government regulation

C. commercial profit

D. public pressure

B. Complete the following outline of the text by filling in the blanks.

1. The world of tobacco is a weird world because _____.

2. Arguments for and against banning of tobacco

3. Tobacco companies have tried to win support for their products by

(1) making contributions to the Republicans to win their political support.

(2) making contributions to soup kitchens, ballet companies, museums and shelters to build

an image of being a good citizen.

(3) admitting their wrong-doing in order to win the war of the profit margin.

4. Conclusion:

The author's attitude toward tobacco: Tobacco should be banned.

The future of tobacco: Tobacco may not be banned in our lifetime.

II. Vocabulary

A. Read the following sentence% and decide which of the Jour choices below each sentences is closest in meaning to the underlined word.

1. We now are provided with several television commentators (narrator) to explain the action to us, with the help of the ubiquitous slow-motion instant replay. (provider sb. with sth.)

A. continuous (continue: vt./vi.)

B. successful

C. ever-present (everlasting/ common)

D. popular

2. The jury deliberated (gave/ discussed) for eighteen minutes and recommended a sentence of from two to five years in the state penitentiary(监狱, 收容所, 教养所).

A. spoke

B. discussed

C. complained

3. Mr. Anna formally disbanded the fact-finding team Thursday because of Israel's objections to the mission's composition and mandate.

A. motivation

B. identity

C. purpose

D. authority

4. The number of old people is on the rise (increasing), and with this fact comes the number of people with chronic diseases associated more with old age.

A. enduring (lasting)

B. painful

C. severe

D. incurable

5 In the 1984 revised version of The Black and White Truth about Basketball, Greenfield again challenges his readers by asserting that the two races have inherently different styles on the court.

A. importantly

B. intrinsically

C. inevitably(=unavoidably)

D. interestingly

6. I didn't speak to Dominick Dunne or Mark Fuhrman, because their points of view are unclear, and their factual recitations are patently false. (insincere)

A. obviously

B. improperly

C. unfortunately

D. favorably( be in/ out of favor)

7. Sophie asked her mother to pick her up from the camp a day earlier than scheduled (planned). Although Sophie was "sick of camp and ready (willing) to come home", Ms. Wexler objected, and finally prevailed.

A. consented (=agreed)

B. disagreed

C. triumphed (=won)

D. changed

8. In the years 1659 to 1681 the celebration of Christmas was actually outlawed in Boston and the Christmas spirit was fined.

A. forgone (gone forever)

B. disliked

C. condemned

D. forbidden

9. The personal computer is only a decade old, and the language it spawned (brought about) has made only minor (small/ unimportant) inroads in English, but this will change.

A. processed (processed food)

B. prohibited

C. produced

D. pronounced

10. The case of Hemant Lakhani, the Briton charged in the USA with attempting to sell a missile to an undercover agent from the FBI, has highlighted the threat posed by the ever-expanding illicit arms trade. (accuse sb. of sth./ charge sb. with sth./ highlighter)

A. profitable

B. illegal (=illicit)

C. unacceptable

D. notorious

B. Choose the best word or expression from the given for each blank Use each word or expression only once and make proper changes where necessary.

the bottom line on behalf of pernicious bankrupt heartfelt

hand down addicted to lethal judicial catchy

1. Smokers become addicted to nicotine, and on stopping smoking (when) the sudden loss of nicotine can cause unpleasant symptoms such as irritability, restlessness and craving for (longing for) a cigarette.

2. If these are adhered to they go a long way to ensuring that those (those people) who are dying may do so with dignity and without the need to resort to a lethal dose of drugs. (tourist resort; turn to sb. for help)(tourist resort/ resort to fight = turn to sb./ sth. for help)

3. We should take some comfort from the ability of the judicial system to fight back against corruption (corrupted officials).

4. Tougher (severe/ harsh) punishments are being handed down (carried out) these days.

5. Robin Thompson spoke on behalf of his colleagues about the issue (=problem).

6. The bottom line was they would end up the contract if I ever revealed the truth of what happened.

7. There is a pernicious culture of excellence: everything has to be not merely (only) good but the best.

8. Neither the Trust Fund Bureau, the core of the system, nor any other parts of the FILP have any loans to borrowers who have gone (become) bankrupt, nor do they have any overdue loans to public (institute->)institutions.

9. We expressed our heartfelt (sincere) thanks for helping us care for Daisy.

10. The card has a catchy (=attractive) message: "My heart beats at 90/min for you, my blood pressure rises to 120/80 thinking of you."

III. Cloze

There are ten blanks in the following passage. Read the passage carefully and choose the right word or phrase from the list given below far each of the blanks. Change the form if necessary.

polled end up compare with ethnic fuel die of legislation experience approximately had been considered

Studies examining tobacco use among teenagers and minorities l fueled (urged) a drive to draft comprehensive tobacco 2 legislation in the United States Congress.

A study published in the last month's edition of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's weekly report showed that 42. 7 percent of 3 approximately 16,000 high school-age children 4 polled (surveyed) had used some type of tobacco product within the previous month. The study also found that the number of high school cigarette smokers rose by 32 percent in the past five years, including an 80 percent rise among black teenagers. Health officials were troubled (=worried) because low smoking rates among black teenagers 5 had been considered an ongoing (everlasting) success story.

Titled "Tobacco Use Among U. S. Racial/Ethnic Minority Groups" was the first-ever report by a surgeon general to focus on tobacco use among racial and 6 ethnic minorities. According to the report, the rise of tobacco use among black teenagers means that 1.6 million blacks currently (at present) under the age of 18 will become regular smokers, and about 500, 000 of those will 7 die of a smoking-related disease.

Cigarette smoking is a leading cause of death (=the first killer) and disease among blacks, Native Americans, Asian Americans, and Hispanics, the report said. Although most groups, including blacks, have 8 experienced a drop (fall) in respiratory cancer rates, rates among Native Americans rose in the past five years. Nearly 40 percent of Native American adults smoke cigarettes,

was a deciding factor in their decision to approve a bill that could 10 end up (result in) costing the tobacco industry more than $ 500 billion over 25 years.

IV. Translation

Put the following parts into Chinese.

1. Welcome to the topsy-turvy world of tobacco, where nothing much makes sense except the vast profits, where tobacco-company executives slip-slide along the continuum from aggrieved Innocence to heartfelt regret without breaking a sweat, and where the only people who seem to be able to shoot straight are the jurors who decide the ubiquitous lawsuits.

欢迎来到乌七八糟的烟草世界。在这里，除了巨大的利益，没有什么具有重要意义；在这里，烟草公司的负责人不费吹灰之力就能穿梭于不同角色之间，从表现愤愤不平的无辜转而变为诚心诚意的悔过；在这里，似乎惟一能够言行正直（shoot straight:言行正直）的人就是那些判定随处可见的烟草诉讼案的陪审员们。

2. The jurors—who gave up two years of their lives, listened to endless witnesses and yet deliberated only a few hours—could be forgiven if they felt they'd fallen down Alice's rabbit hole into Wonderland, where the Queen of Hearts cries "Off with their heads" but no one is ever executed.

这些陪审员放弃了生命中的两年时光，聆听了无数证人证言，却仅用了几个小时就商议定案。如果他们感觉像是爱丽丝跌下了兔子洞进入仙境，听着红心王后高喊“砍掉他们的脑袋”，却从未有一个人被砍头，这种感觉是可以谅解的。

3. Since then tobacco companies have spread political contributions around like weed-killer on the lawn in summer, supporting largely complicit Republicans, who like free enterprise (and soft money) more than they hate emphysema.

从此以后，烟草公司就像夏天在草坪上播洒除草剂一般四处提供政治捐款，主要支持和自己立场相似的共和党人，因为共和党人虽然痛恨肺气肿，但却更喜爱自由企业(以及软资金)。

4. Responsibility-minded Americans accept the argument that individuals have the right to poison themselves, although studies showing that the vast majority of smokers began as minors raise questions about informed consent.

责任意识强的美国人接受任何人都有权毒害自己的观点，但是研究显示绝大多数吸烟者开始吸烟时仍未成年，这就对知情吸烟提出了疑问。

5. Public-service announcements, catchy commercials for kids, settlements with the states to recover health care costs: the tobacco companies, which once swore they were doing nothing wrong, are now willing to lose some ideological battles to win the war of the profit margin.

公益服务通告，针对儿童的好看易记的广告，与各州达成和解补偿卫生保健费用：曾经发誓绝没有做错任何事情的烟草公司现如今也愿意为最终保住利润而部分放弃意识形态的斗争。

V. Oral Practice and Discussion

1. What actions have tobacco companies taken to improve their image?

2. According to the author, does the FDA have the authority to regulate cigarettes?

3. How did tobacco companies defend against FDA regulation?

4. What are the arguments for not banning tobacco?

5. Do you think that cigarettes should be banned? Give your reasons.

6. Why is it so hard for smokers to quit smoking?

VOCABULARY ITEMS

1. weird: adj. of a strikingly odd or unusual character; strange/ odd (<->even)奇怪的

2. lethal: adj. capable of causing death; extremely harmful; devastating; fatal/ vital命的；极其

有害的；毁灭性的; vital vitamin()

3. addict: v. to become dependent on sth. , esp. a drug使成瘾; plus: pre.; addictive: n. be addicted to sth.

4. topsy-turvy: adj. in a state of complete disorder and confusion乱七八糟的

5. continuum: n. a set of continuous things连续的事物; continue: vt./ scale->on large scale

6. aggrieved: adj. showing hurt, angry, and bitter feelings感到委屈的; grief (n.)->grieve (vi.)

7. ubiquitous: adj. (especially of sth. that is not liked or approved of) appearing, happening, or existing everywhere（尤指不喜欢或反对的事物）无处不在的; universe (n.)->universal (a.）

8. shudder: v. to shake uncontrollably for a moment, esp. from fear, cold, or strong dislike发抖，颤抖; conquer—> conqueror-> conquest(n.)

9. judicial: adj. of, relating to, courts of law or to the administration of justice司法的，法庭的;

jury; judge(n./vt.)

10. prevail: v. to gain control or victory获胜，占上风; available: be on sale

11. deliberate: v. to consider carefully, often in formal meetings with other people仔细考虑，商议

12. outlaw: v. to declare (sth.) illegal; place under a ban; prohibit宣布为非法；禁止; n. outlaws

13. mandate: (1)n. the right and power given to a government, or any body of people授权; history->her-story; go dating; history->herstory

(2)v. to make mandatory, as by law or decree批准,颁布; man-dominated

society

14. chronic: adj. of long duration; continuing长期的；持续的; ~ disease

15. snort: v. to ingest a drug, such as cocaine or heroin, by sniffing用鼻吸的方式吸（食）毒品，如海洛因或可卡因

16. puff: v. to breathe in and out while smoking a cigarette吸和喷烟

17. inherently: adv. by its or one's nature固有地，内在地; inhere

18. illicit: adj. (done) against a law or a rule非法的，违法的; illegal

19. syrup: n. a thick sweet liquid糖浆

20. complicit: adj. associated with or participating in a questionable act or a crime同谋的，协助或参加有嫌疑的活,动或犯罪的

21. emphysema: n. a diseased condition of the lungs marked by an abnormal increase in the size of the air spaces, resulting in (led to) labored breathing肺气肿；dying language

22. bemoan: v. to express sorrow or disappointment because of因…示失望，悲叹，感叹

23. litigious: adj. tending to engage in lawsuits好诉讼的; self-employed

24. fudge: v. to act in an indecisive manner(way)犹豫，不果断; hesitate (vi.)-> hesitation

25. foe: n. an enemy敌人

26. patently: adv. openly, plainly, or clearly; obviously显然地，明显地

27. ergo: adv. consequently; therefore因此，因而; i.e.=that is/ namely

28. pernicious: adj. tending to cause death or serious injury; deadly致命的，恶性的

29. catchy: adj. attractive or appealing; easy to remember动人的，引人注目的；易记的

30. spawn: v. to give rise to; engender造成；使产生; gene/ generator

31. billable: adj. that may or should be billed收费的; taxable

32. shoot straight: to hit the target正打中目标; gun shot; aim at->shoot->hit->miss

33. hand down: to declare publicly or officially公布，宣布; hand in<->hand out-> handout

34. soft money: 软资金，非法政治资金; hard/ soft drink

35. to have it both ways: to gain advantage from each of the opposing opinions or actions两全其美，两者兼得

36. soup kitchen: a place where people with no money can get free food救济夯人的, 施粥所；施食物处

37. profit margin: the difference between the cost of production and the selling price利润幅度，盈利率; profit from sth. <-> profit sb.

38. battle royal: a fierce battle or struggle大混战，激战，激烈的争论; to wage (start) a war/ fight in a battle

39. top<->bottom line: the most important factor to consider in a decision or a situation要点或关键之处；底线

NOTES

1. Food and Drug Administration: 美国食品和药物管理局

2. Al Gore: 前美国议员，克林顿时期副总统(l989-2001)

3. George W. Bush: 美国总统(2000—)

4. Philip Morris: American tobacco manufacturer美国烟草制造商; manual/ manual labor

5. David Kessler: former director of FDA前美国食品和药物管理局局长

6. pols: politicians

READING SELECTION B

Drunk Driver’s ED

By Rob Waldron

[1] Unfortunately, I know more than I care to about the aftermath of drinking and driving. As a high school freshman in Wayland, Mass., in 1980, I suffered through the death of a classmate on my hockey team who was killed in an alcohol-related crash. Two years later I attended the funeral of another student in my class who died while driving under the influence.

[2] I thought drunk driving had hurt me as much as it could. I was wrong. Four years ago my brother Ryan, a senior at Middlebury College in Middlebury, Vt., drove 70 to 100 miles an hour on a rainy rural road into a tree, ending his life. His blood-alcohol level was nearly three times the legal limit.

[3] It was one of the worst accidents that officers at the crash site had ever seen. The two policemen who were assigned to wipe Ryan's blood and tissue off the car's broken wind shield found it impossible to talk to my family about the details.

[4] Ryan was last seen drinking vodka punch at an on-campus social house. He left the party intending to drive to his apartment three miles away to pick up a toga for yet another event. He never made it home.

[5] After his death we found out that Ryan had developed a drinking problem. But even though he drank to excess at nearly every social function, usually three to four times a week, many of his friends never realized he was becoming an alcoholic.

[6] We were told that a staff member in the student-activities office where Ryan often registered his social house's parties had suspected that he had a drinking problem. And Ryan was not the only Middlebury student to be involved in a dangerous alcohol-related incident: in the year before his death, one of Ryan's fellow students nearly died in a binge-drinking episode. She was saved only

because someone in the hospital emergency room pumped her stomach as she lay unconscious. Her blood-alcohol level was 0. 425 percent.

[7] I know that my brother was ultimately responsible for his death, but in my view, college administrators can work harder to keep kids like Ryan from getting behind the wheel. Many schools, however, have been reluctant to address the problem. Why? Perhaps because taking responsibility will make trustees and college presidents legally liable for students' drunk-driving behavior.

[8] If administrators accepted this responsibility, they might ask themselves: Should we expel students who receive a DUI? Has the university president met with the town's mayor to create a unified policy toward drunk driving? Have we contacted organizations like MADD and SADD to help us implement alcohol-education programs?

[9] On campuses like Middlebury's, where many students own cars, administrators can use more aggressive methods to combat drinking and driving. Yet after Ryan's death, his university refused my family's request to fund an officer to patrol the main entry into the campus on weekend evenings for out-of-control drivers.

[10] Why does the problem of drunk driving persist? It's not easy to solve.

[11] A lot of college students are young and irresponsible, and drinking is part of their culture. Many administrators have not wanted to abolish fraternities and social houses for fear that ending such beloved traditions would lower alumni donations.

[12] College officials, I ask that you go home tonight and consider your love for your son or daughter, brother or sister. Imagine the knock on your door at 3 a. m. when a police officer announces that your loved one has died. Then go to a mirror and look deep into your own eyes. Ask yourself: have I done enough to help solve this problem?

[13] The choice is simple. You can choose to be a leader and an agent of change on a controversial issue. Or you can continue authoring your students' eulogies. My family, in its grief, begs you to do the former. (638 words)

Reading Comprehension

Answer the following questions or complete the statements.

1. The article is most probably addressed to

A. drunk-driving students

B. family members of drunk-driving students

C. school administrators

D. law-enforcement officers

2. The author began to be aware of the disaster caused by drunk driving when

A. his brother died four years ago

B. he was in high school

C. he graduated from high school

D. he was in college

3. The author's brother Ryan drove his car into a tree when he was on his way

A. to his apartment from school

B. to school from his apartment

C. to a party from school

D. to a party from his apartment

4. The author's family was probably informed of Ryan's death

A. in the morning

B. in late afternoon

C. around dinner time

D. in the small hours

5. The fact that Ryan was an alcoholic

A. was no secret among many of his friends

B. was unknown to his family until his death

C. was not considered an issue by his teacher

D. did not draw anybody's attention

6. The author suggests that on the issue of students' deaths caused by drunk-driving, the universities

A. have faithfully fulfilled their duties

B. have not done their fair share of duty

C. should be held legally responsible

D. should not assume responsibility

7. Many universities show little enthusiasm in solving students' drinking problem because

A. drinking is considered to be beyond their mandate

B. drinking is generally regarded as part of youth culture

C. they are doubtful of the effectiveness of aggressive methods

D. they are afraid of taking legal liability for such behavior

8. Which of the following is the request of the author's family for Ryan's university?

A. To impose a ban on social houses and on-campus drinking.

B. To expel any student who has received tickets for drunk driving.

C. To patrol the main school entry on weekend evenings for drunk drivers.

D. To initiate alcohol-education programs with the help of social organizations.

9. According to the author, which of the following statements concerning drunk-driving is true?

A. Students are keenly aware of the seriousness of this problem.

B. Punishments for drunk-driving are not severe enough.

C. Universities can enact active policies to address the issue.

D. Drinking as part of national culture is likely to persist for ever.

10. The author's tone in writing this article is . .

A. sincere

B. satirical

C. arrogant

D. helpless

VOCABULARY ITEMS

1. Ed: abbr. for education教育〔缩写）

2. aftermath: n. the result or period following a bad event such as an accident, storm, war, etc.后果，余波

3. hockey: n. 曲棍球

4. punch: n. a drink made from fruit juice, sugar, water, etc., and usu. wine or other alcohol(用果汁、糖、水制成并掺酒的）混合饮料

5. toga: n. a loose one-piece outer garment worn in public by male citizens in ancient Rome; a robe of office; a professional or ceremonial gown托加袍；官服；职业或典礼用装

6. function: a large gathering of people for pleasure or on some special occasion集会，社交集会

7. alcoholic: n. a person who is unable to stop the habit of drinking too much alcohol酗酒者

8. binge-drinking: drinking too much alcohol酗酒

9. trustee: n. a member of a group appointed to control the affairs of a company, college, or other organization（公司、学院等的)理事，董事

10. fraternity: n. (at some American universities) a dub of male students usu. living in the

same house《美国男学生)大学生联谊会

11. alumni: n. a former student of a school, college, or university校友

12. eulogy: n. a speech or written tribute, especially one praising sb. who has died颂词，颂文，尤指对死者的赞颂

NOTES

1. Mass.: Massachusetts美国马萨诸塞州州名（麻省）

2. Vt.: Vermont美国佛蒙特州州名

3. vodka: 伏特加酒

4. DUI: driving under the influence酒后驾车

5. NADD: Mother Against Drunk Driving反对酒醉驾车母亲协会

6. SADD: Students Against Destructive Decisions (founded as Students Against Driving Drunk) 反对酒醉驾车学生协会

第九课B 对酒后驾车者的教育

罗布·沃尔德伦

[l ］非常不幸地，我对酒后驾车后果的了解远远超过了我对此的关注。1980 年我在马塞诸塞州韦兰上高中一年级时，就曾有过痛苦的经历。我的一位同学，曲棍球队的队友，就死于一场酒后驾车事故。两年后，我又参加了班里另一位同学的葬礼。他也是死于酒后驾车。

[2 ]我原以为酒后驾车对我的打击己经足够大了。我错了。四年前，在佛蒙特州密特伯利学院上四年级的我的弟弟瑞安，在一个雨天乡间的道路上以70 到100 英里的时速撞到树上，结束了他的生命。他的血液中酒精含量儿乎达到了法定含量的三倍。

[3 ]那是车祸现场的警员们所见过的最可怕的事故之一。有两位警员被分派将瑞安的血和脑浆从汽车的挡风玻璃上擦掉，他们发现根本没有办法向我的家人讲述细节。

[4 ］瑞安最后一次被人看到是在校内的社交活动场所喝伏特加潘趣酒。随后他离开聚会准备开车到三英里之外的住所去拿件衣服参加另外一个活动。他却永远没能开到家。

[5 ］瑞安死后我们发现他己经染上了酗酒的毛病。尽管他在每次的社交聚会中都司办饮酒过量，通常每周三到四次，他的很多朋友都没有意识到他己经开始酗酒。

[6 ]我们得知在瑞安经常登记参加社交活动的学生活动办公室中有一位职员曾经怀疑他有酗酒的问题。但是瑞安不是密特伯利学院唯一一个卷入与饮酒有关的危险事故的学生：瑞安死的前一年，他的一位同学就差点死于狂欢饮酒的事故。她能幸免于难全是因为在她人事不省的时候医院急诊室给她洗了胃。她的血液酒精含量己经达到了0 . 425 ％。

[7 ]我知道归根到底我的弟弟应该为他的死负责，但是我认为学校的管理者能够更加努力地不让瑞安这样的孩子酒后驾车。但是许多学校却不愿处理这一问题。原因何在？可能是因为承担责任就会使学校的理事们和校长们从法律上为学生酒后驾车的行为负责。

[8 ]如果管理者接受了这一责任，他们可能会问自己：如果学生收到了酒后驾车罚单是否应该开除？学校的校长是否己和市长会面就酒后驾车问题制定了统一的政策？我们是否联系了反对酒醉驾车母亲协会和反对酒醉驾车学生协会这样的组织帮助我们实施有饮酒有关的教育计划？

[9]在像密特伯利这样许多学生拥有汽车的学校，管理者能够采用更加积极的措施来制止

醉酒驾车。但是在瑞安死后，学校却拒绝我家的请求专聘一名警察于周末晚间在校园的大门处巡视醉酒失控的驾车学生。

[10]为什么酒后驾车的问题持续存在？因为它不容易解决。

[11］许多大学生年轻，不负责任，喝酒是他们文化的一部分。许多管理者不愿取缔学生联谊会和社交场所，担心中止这些受学生欢迎的传统活动会使校友的捐款减少。

[12]学校的官员们，我请你们今晚回家后想想对自己儿子女儿和兄弟姐妹的爱。想象一下半夜三点有人敲门，一位警员宣布你爱的人己经死亡。然后走到镜子前，凝视自己的眼睛。自问一下：我有没有尽力帮助解决这个问题？

[13］选择并不复杂。你们可以选择在一个有争议的问题上作为引导者和促成改变的行动者。或者你们也可以继续为学生们书写悼词。我的家人，在悲痛之中，恳请你们选择前者。

研究生英语系列教材下unit5原文+翻译

Unit5 An Alpine Divorce 1.John Bodman was a man who was always at one extreme or the other. This probably would have mattered little had he not married a wife whose nature was an exact duplicate of his own. 1约翰?伯德曼是一个常常走极端的人。这本来应该没什么，但可惜，他妻子的性格整个儿是他的翻版。 2.Doubtless there exists in this world precisely the right woman for any given man to marry and vice versa; but when you consider that one human being has the opportunity of being acquainted with only a few hundred people, and out of the few hundred that there are but a dozen or less whom one knows intimately, and out of the dozen, one or two close friends at most, it will easily be seen, when we remember the number of millions who inhabit this world, that probably, since the Earth was created, the right man has never yet met the right woman. The mathematical chances are all against such a meeting, and this is the reason that divorce courts exist. Marriage at best is but a compromise, and if two people happen to be united who are of an uncompromising nature there is bound to be trouble. 2毋庸置疑，对于任何一个男人，这世上总会有一个相当合适的女人能和他成家，反之亦然。但是如果你考虑一下:每个人仅有机会结识几百个人而已，在这几百个人之中熟知的只有那么干几人甚至更少，在这十几个人之中又最多只有一两个知心朋友;别忘了，居住在这世上的人有多少个百万，因此显而易见:自地球存在以来，这合适的男人极有可能从来就没有遇到过他那个合适的女人。。从概率上来讲，这样相遇的机会微乎其微，这也正是离婚法庭存在的原因。婚姻充其量不过是一种妥协，而如果恰好两个个性上互不妥协的人结合了，那就肯定会有麻烦。 3.In the lives of these two young people there was no middle distance. The result was bound to be either love or hate, and in the case of Mr. and Mrs. Bodman it was hate of the most bitter and egotistical kind. 3对于两个这样的年轻人来说，生活没有什么中间点，其结局注定要么是爱，要么是恨，而就伯德曼夫妇而言，他们到头来有的是那种最刻骨、最傲慢的恨。 4.In some parts of the world, incompatibility of temper is considered a just cause for obtaining a divorce, but in England no such subtle distinction is made, and so until the wife became criminal, or the man became both criminal and cruel, these two were linked together by a bond that only death could sever.' Nothing can be worse than this state of things, and the matter was only made the more hopeless by the fact that Mrs. Bodman lived a blameless life, while her husband was no worse than the majority of men. Perhaps, however, that statement held only up to a certain point, for John Bodman had reached a state of mind in which he resolved to get rid of his wife at all hazards. If he had been a poor man he would probably have deserted her, but he was rich, and a man cannot freely leave a prospering business because his domestic life happens not to be happy. 4在这世界上的某些地方，夫妻性情不合就能够成为离婚的正当理由，但是在英格兰，并没有如此微妙的区分，所以除非妻子犯罪，或丈夫犯罪并且为人残暴，否则两者的婚姻关系将一直维系下去，直至死神将他们分开。没有什么比这种事情更糟糕的了，而更令人绝望的是伯德曼太太为人无可厚非，而她丈夫也并不比一般男人差。然而，也许上面的表述只能说在某种程度上是正确的，因为约翰?伯德曼已经忍无可忍，下定决心不管付出什么代价也要摆脱他的妻子。如果他是个穷人，也许他会抛弃她，但是他很富有，而一个人不能因为家庭生活碰巧不幸就轻易放弃一份蒸蒸日上的事业。 5.When a man's mind dwells too much on one subject, no one can tell just how far he will go.

研究生英语系列教材上unit1-原文+翻译

研究生英语系列教材上unit1-原文+翻译

TRAITS OF THE KEY PLAYERS 核心员工的特征 What exactly is a key play？ 核心员工究竟是什么样子的? A “Key Player” is a phrase that I've heard about from employers during just about every search I've conducted. 几乎每次进行调查时，我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。 I asked a client —a hiring manager involved in recent search — to define it for me. 我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理，给我解释一下。 “Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise that you can count on to get the job done. “每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工，在某个专业领域，你可以指望他们把活儿干好。 On my team of seven process engineers and biologists, I've got two or three whom I just couldn't live without,” he said. 在我的小组中，有七名化工流程工程师和生物学

家，其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的，”他说， “Key players are essential to my organization. “他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。 And when we hire your company to recruit for us, we expect that you'll be going into other companies and finding just: 当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候，我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人： the staff that another manager will not want to see leave. 其他公司经理不想失去的员工。 We recruit only key players.” 我们只招募核心员工。” This in part of pep talk intended to send headhunters into competitor's companies to talk to the most experienced staff about making a change. 这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话，目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。

大学英语2翻译原文及答案

Unit1 1.背离传统需要极大的勇气 1) It takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from the tradition. 2.汤姆过去很腼腆，但这次却非常勇敢能在大庭广众面前上台表演了。 2) Tom used to be very shy, but this time he was bold enough to give a performance in front of a large audience. 3.很多教育家认为从小培养孩子的创新精神是很可取的。 3) Many educators think it desirable to foster the creative spirit in the child at an early age. 4.假设那幅画确实是名作，你觉得值得购买吗？ 4) Assuming (that) this painting really is a masterpiece, do you think it’s worthwhile to buy/purchase it? 5.如果这些数据统计上市站得住脚的，那它将会帮助我们认识正在调查的问题。 5) If the data is statistically valid, it will throw light on the problem we are investigating. Unit2 1.该公司否认其捐款有商业目的。 1) The company denied that its donations had a commercial purpose.

阅读教程翻译

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Unit One 旅行通用语 1 数十年来，法兰西语言研究院一直捍卫着法语的尊严。几年前，由于法国人对英语词汇的入侵非常敏感，该机构颁布了净化法语的法律，其内容甚至涉及专业术语。就拿波音747 (Boeing747)来说吧，现在法国人必须用法语词gros-porteur；表示出租的leasing也变成了credit-bail。此类例子不胜枚举，触及生活的方方面面。法国总统希拉克很可能会继续加大力度，直至连英特网internet和字节流(信息组)byte stream之类的词也找到相应的法语新词。哎，真不知未来的法语会变成什么样。 2 不幸的是(或许并非不幸)，英语没有受到如此的保护。在美国，随处可见严重偏离英国标准英语的美式英语。“honour”普遍被写成“honor”，“night”也变成了“nite”。许多词意广为人知的英式英语单词被赋予新的解释，交流也变得有些困难。比如说，汽车的行李箱“boot”变成了“trunk”(一个在英国指代树干的单词)；引擎盖“bonnet”变成了“hood”(英式英语中的风帽)；老式婴儿尿布“nappy”变成了“diaper”(英式英语中的菱格花纹织物)；婴儿小外套“matineejacket”也变成了“vest”(英国的内衣汗衫)。显而易见，两国英语曾同出一源，而如今却将两国彼此隔离。当然了，按美国人的观点，是英国人的语言表达出了问题。 3 实际使用中，甚至还有更糟的英语呢!只要你在外国旅游并注意一下菜单、海报、旅店、甚至当地日常生活中的英语，就可以证明过去的标准用语在这些地方已变得不伦不类，让我详例如下： 4 旅行作家波洛?菲利浦曾不惜笔墨地渲染自己的几番经历，我觉得该有更多的读者了解一下。他提及某份荷兰的灯泡目录，上面对用户承诺有“a speedy execution’——快速处死(毫无疑问，想表达的应是“送货及时”)。此外，东柏林的一个衣帽间告示要求客人“please hang yourself here”——请在这儿吊死自己(本想说的是“将衣帽挂在这儿”)。只希望没人会真的从字面上去理解。 5 我还可以补充一些多年周游世界时的亲身经历。例如，奥斯坦德的一家精品店正在宣扬其货品立意新颖，却用了“revolting new ideas”，即“令人作呕的立意”。孟买的几家糕饼屋也鼓吹自己是“No.1 loafers”，目口头号游手好闲者，可是其本意是要宣称自己的糕饼全市第一。 6 我并不知道基督教影响如此之广，直到我在香港看到一位牙医的宣传：“我们由最新的循道宗信徒拔牙”，这儿的“Methodists”(循道宗信徒)显然应改为“methods”，即“方法”。 7 恐怕没人能确定这些误用实际上是体现了英语的普及还是仅仅反映了局限于地方的习惯用法。但可以确定的是，海法医学会绝对应该阻止其会员挂这样的铜招牌：“妇女及其它疾病的专家”。 8 看来旅店对多语种告示颇为青睐，希望它们会有利于人们更好地使用现代化设施。没有它们，旅店就会显得沉闷而缺乏效率。然而，在布鲁塞尔的一家旅店中，这条电梯告示只会令毫无防范的房客更愿意爬楼梯：“使用电梯时，请按要去楼层的按钮。若更多人进入电梯，请分别按各自要去楼层的按钮。电梯会按楼层的字母顺序，依次送客。没复位的按钮显示着接收到的要去楼层的指令”。伊斯坦布尔的一则旅店告示则没这么复杂：“想要客房服务时，请开门喊叫‘客房服务’”。至少那儿的客人不用对付也许经常失灵的电子设备。 9 在土耳其，人们对于“直言不讳”的喜爱在一个已远近闻名的安卡拉导游册中得到了充分体现。导游册这样招揽顾客：“来我们餐馆吧，你会在欧洲救护车中享用中东风味美食”(显然这儿的救护车“ambulance”应为氛围“ambience”)。而另一家瑞士餐馆的菜单也同样吸引人：“我们的葡萄酒绝人他念”。(“our wines leave nothing to hope for'’一语双关，可本意显然是“我们的葡萄酒美味绝伦”)。 10在东欧，奥匈帝国时期的老牌大旅馆从未放弃过礼节。一则旅馆房间告示上写着“诚邀尊贵的客人在12点到14点之间占客房女服务员的便宜”(take advantage of t he chambermaids)。然而，这可能造成意外的交通阻塞。最近的一次莫斯科画展也未必能让偶尔光顾者欣然前往，根据其告示，“画展将展出俄罗斯艺术家的300幅作品，他们中的大部分人在过去十年中已被处死了”。 11 曼谷一家洗衣房的广告词邀请来访的顾客“留下你的衣服，尽情享受吧!”就像是鼓励人们在这座远东娱乐首府干些出格之事。

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必修二 Unit1 IN SEARCH OF THE AMBER ROOM寻找琥珀厅Frederick William I, the King of Prussia, could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history. This gift was the Amber Room, which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it. The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey. The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days. It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the country's best artists about ten years to make. 弗雷德里克?威廉?我,普鲁士国王,从未想像过这恩赐与俄罗斯人会令人惊喜的历史。这个礼物,琥珀屋的,赐给这个名字,因为好几吨的琥珀被用来制造它。琥珀被选有一个美丽的黄棕色的颜色就像蜂蜜。房间的设计是别致的流行的日子。这也是一种珍惜用金子来装饰和珠宝,将国家的最好的艺术家们大约10年了。 In fact, the room was not made to be a gift. It was designed for the palace of Frederick I. However, the next King of Prussia, Frederick William I, to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it. In 1716 he gave it to Peter the Great. In return, the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers. So the Amber Room became part of the Czar's winter palace in St Petersburg. About four metres long, the room served as a small reception hall for important visitors. 事实上,这个房间没有是作为礼物送人的。它是设计出用于弗雷德里克的宫殿。然而,普鲁士的下一任国王弗雷德里克威廉?我、就是琥珀属于,决定不去保持它。在1716他给了彼得最重要的东西。作为回报,沙皇送给他一群他最好的士兵。所以琥珀房成了沙皇的一部分在圣彼得堡冬宫。大约四米长,房间作为一个小接待大厅为重要的游客。 Later, Catherine II had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers. She told her artists to add more details to it. In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted. Almost six hundred candles lit the room, and its mirrors and pictures shone like gold. Sadly, although the Amber Room was considered one of the wonders of the world, it is now missing. 后来,凯瑟琳二世琥珀屋的搬到一座宫殿外面圣彼得堡她在她的夏天。她告

研究生英语阅读教程(提高版)课后翻译(带原文)

Lesson 1 1. Yesterday’s terrorism darkened, marked and forever altered the way Americans live their lives. 昨日发生的恐怖主义活动使美国人的生活暗淡无光，在他们的生活中留下了印迹，并永远地改变了他们的生活。 2. “We are going to have to learn what a lot of other countries have gone through: to manage fear at a cultural and national level,” said Charles Figley, a professor of trauma psychology at Florida State University. “We’re getting a lesson in the way fear works.” 佛罗里达州立大学创伤心理学教授查尔斯?费格里说:“我们得学一学其它许多国家曾经经历过的东西，那就是从文化上和在全国范围内来应对恐惧。”他还说:“我们正在体验恐惧是怎样起作用的。” 3. In a country long proud and even boastful of its openness—a country where an ordinary citizen can stroll through the U.S. Capitol unescorted—the terrorist attacks are likely to force Americans to a lot of that. Metal detectors now mark the front door of many government buildings, and security guards are a fixture in the lobby of most large office buildings. 美国是一个一向以开放自豪甚至洋洋得意的国家，在这里，人们可以独自在美国国会大楼中闲庭信步，而现在，恐怖袭击很有可能迫使美国人处处小心，惶惶不可终日。其实我们很大程度上已经是这样了。许多政府大楼的前门装设的金属探测器已然成为一道风景线，大部分的办公大楼里也必备保安。 4. But retaliation carries the risk of setting off a tightening spiral of violence and counterviolence not unlike the Middle East or Northern Ireland. Unlike countries that have had to learn to live with violence,”We are new at this,” said Florida’s Dr. Figley, who heads a project that has trained trauma teams in Yugoslavia.”My fear is we will overreach and make things worse rather than better by retribution, revenge, racism and marginalizing ethnic groups.” 报复有很大的危险，会引发和在中东及北爱尔兰一样的紧张的暴力和反暴力的恶性攀升。与那些不得不在暴力中学习如何生存的国家不同，“我们是新手，”曾在南斯拉夫训练过创伤急救队的项目负责人费格里博士说，“我所担心的是惩罚、报复、种族主义和排斥少数民族的举动会过于偏激，适得其反。” 5. Fear of terrorism is likely to lead Americans to tolerate more government surveillance—such as overhead video cameras at sporting events—than they have to date. “It’s very likely in the wake of today’s events that we’re going to see a greater acceptance on the public’s part—and on the court’s part—to approve certain kinds of police tactics,” said William Stuntz, a Harvard Low School professor. 对于恐怖主义的恐惧会使美国人接受比现在更多的来自政府的监控，例如在运动竞赛场上高架的摄象机。哈佛大学法学院教授威廉姆斯?斯汤资说，“经过目前前这些事件，我们将发现，无论是公众，还是法庭，都会在更大程度上接受某些警察的策略。” Lesson 5 戴维先到一步，事后他气愤地向我发难说当他告诉领班准备和谁一起吃饭时，领班的语气骤然逆转。一瞬间就从“这是个什么人？”变成“这边有请，先生。”当我们赶到时，拍照的人已经在饭店外忙个不停了。戴维开始嘲笑我是伦敦这家高级饭店里的知名人物。这时，我俩向屋内望去并同时看到了我们的偶像。

研究生英语综合教程(下)课文+翻译修改版

★愉悦舒适不能指引你领略人生的全部，与逆境的艰苦搏斗常常会使人生变得丰富而有意义。 Unit 1 The Hidden Side of Happin ess 幸福隐藏的另一面 1 Hurricanes, house fires, cancer, whitewater rafting accidents, plane crashes, vicious attacks in dark alleyways. Nobody asks for any of it. But to their surprise, many people find that enduring such a harrowing ordeal ultimately changes them for the better.Their refrain might go someth ing like this: "I wish it had n't happe ned, but I'm a better pers on for it." 1飓风、房屋失火、癌症、激流漂筏失事、坠机、昏暗小巷遭歹徒袭击，没人想找上这些事儿。但岀人意料的是，很多人发现遭受这样一次痛苦的磨难最终会使他们向好的方面转变。他 们可能都会这样说：我希望这事没发生，但因为它我变得更完美了。” 2 We love to hear the stories of people who have been transformed by their tribulations, perhaps because they testify to a bona fide type of psychological truth, one that sometimes gets lost amid en dless reports of disaster: There seems to be a built- in huma n capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstances. Positive responses to profoundly disturbing experiences are not limited to the toughest or the bravest.In fact, roughly half the people who struggle with adversity say that their lives subsequently in some ways improved. 2我们都爱听人们经历苦难后发生转变的故事，可能是因为这些故事证实了一条真正的心理学上的真理，这条真理有时会湮没在无数关于灾难的报道中：在最困难的境况中，人所具有的 一种内在的奋发向上的能力会迸发岀来。对那些令人极度恐慌的经历作岀积极回应的并不仅限于 最坚强或最勇敢的人。实际上，大约半数与逆境抗争过的人都说他们的生活从此在某些方面有了改善。 3 This and other promising findings about the life-changing effects of crises are the province of the new science of post-traumatic growth. This fledgling field has already proved the truth of what once passed as bromide: What does n't kill you can actually make you str on ger. Post-traumatic stress is far from the on ly possible outcome. In the wake of eve n the most terrifyi ng experie nces, only a small proportio n of adults become chr oni cally troubled. More com monly, people rebou nd-or eve n eve ntually thrive. 3诸如此类有关危机改变一生的发现有着可观的研究前景，这正是创伤后成长这一新学科的研究领域。这一新兴领域已经证实了曾经被视为陈词滥调的一个真理：大难不死，意志弥坚。 创伤后压力绝不是唯一可能的结果。在遭遇了即使最可怕的经历之后，也只有一小部分成年人会 受到长期的心理折磨。更常见的情况是，人们会恢复过来一甚至最终会成功发达。 4 Those who weather adversity well are liv ing proof of the paradoxes of happ in ess.We n eed more tha n pleasure to live the best possible life. Our con temporary quest for happ in ess has shriveled to a hunt for bliss-a life protected from bad feelings,free from pain and confusion. 4那些经受住苦难打击的人是有关幸福悖论的生动例证：为了尽可能地过上最好的生活，我 们所需要的不仅仅是愉悦的感受。我们这个时代的人对幸福的追求已经缩小到只追求福气：一生 没有烦恼，没有痛苦和困惑。 5 This anodyne definition of well-being leaves out the better half of the story, the rich, full joy that comes from a meanin gful life. It is the dark matter of happ in ess,the in effable quality we admire in wise men and women and aspire to cultivate in our own lives. It turns out that some of the people who have suffered the most, who have been forced to contend with shocks they n ever an ticipated and to reth ink the meaning of their lives, may have the most to tell us about that profou nd and inten sely fulfilli ng jour ney that philosophers used to call the search for "the good life". 5这种对幸福的平淡定义忽略了问题的主要方面一种富有意义的生活所带来的那种丰富、完 整的愉悦。那就是幸福背后隐藏的那种本质一是我们在明智的男男女女身上所欣赏到并渴