A modest proposal赏析

A modest proposal

Jonathan Swift, one of the greatest writers, is famous for his satiric works, especially his masterpiece, Gulliver’s Travels. A modest proposal is full of ironies. In this essay, Jonathan criticizes the ineptitude of Ireland’s politicians, the hypocrisy of the wealthy, the tyranny of the English. He thinks landlords and the English government should be responsible for all the misery of Irish people.

Irony

1.The title----a modest proposal

（A modest proposal is actually a horrible proposal. This proposal is about how to find out a fair, cheap and easy method to deal with the prodigious number of children of poor people in Ireland, making them sound useful numbers of the commonwealth, would deserve so well of the public. And the solution the author offers is to sell these babies to the wealthy Britain people for food.）

2.The third paragraph ----I shall now therefore humbly propose my own

thoughts, which I hope will not be liable to the least objection.

3.The fifth paragraph----I do therefore humbly offer it to public

consideration that of the 120,000 children already computed,20,000 may be reserved for breed, whereof only one-fourth part to be males;

which is more than we allow to sheep, black cattle, or swine.

（两次humbly具有反讽效果；将人与畜生相提并论,讽刺英国地主

阶级和政府对爱尔兰人民生命的漠视）

4.The fifth paragraph---And my reason is, that……therefore one male

will be sufficient to serve four females.(同上一点)

5.The seventh paragraph---I grant this food will be somewhat dear, and

therefore very proper for landlords, who, as they have already devoured most of the parents, seem to have the best title to the children…(censure the cruelty of landlords, they devoured Irish people but pay no sympathy to them or their children)

6.The eighth paragraph---I think of no one objection that will possibly

be raised against this proposal, unless is should be urged the number of people will be thereby much lessened in Kingdom. This I freely own , and it……,upon earth. (强烈谴责了英国政府的无能，地主阶级吃人本质，他们维护贵族利益，对穷苦人民的悲惨生活视而不见，这在世界上绝无仅有，相当罕见。充满讽刺效果。)

7.The eighth paragraph---all the expedients

(They’re actually truly modest proposals, but not be adopted.)

8.The last paragraph: The author hopes the above ten truly modest

proposals can be put into practice.

中国与美国的基础教育的对比

中国与美国的基础教育的对比 摘要：本文将对比中国和美国在基础教育方面的差别，分析中美基础教育的不同之处，简要分析产生差距的原因。 关键词：基础教育；中美差距；原因 1中美基础教育的历史背景 1.1中国：在中国古代文献中，教育一词最早见于《孟子·尽心上》中“得天下英才而教育之”，教育就是教诲培养的意思。是人类文化传播的首要手段，为中国教育的成功奠定了基础。在私学兴起之前，那时的教育由官府控制，在私学兴起之后，受教育的对象不止仅限于贵族阶级，扩大平民百姓，因为私学的产生，教师可以自由选择地点教学，学生亦可以选择教师来学习，为当时的教育普及发展做出了很大的贡献。由于出现了许多不同的私学，不同派系不同主的私学出现了相互抗衡，相互补充的百家争鸣的盛况，极大丰富了当时的文化发展。经过了许多朝代教育的发展，教育与政治的关系逐渐加强，学而优则仕的观念深入人心，特别是在汉武帝为加强中央集权而推行的儒学教育，从中央到地方都以儒学为尊的思想影响着后来的基础教育发展。古代“小学”教育的主要容是识字，写字，习经史，学六艺等，检查学生的学业情况也靠考试，在宋代有“日考”，“月考”，“季考”等多种考试方法。受当时科举考试制度的影响，童生学习的容也相对固定，固定的背诵考试相关的篇目，全然不顾理解与否，而考查方式也很简单，以考生能否背诵来判断是否学好，借以选拔进入下一阶段的学习。 1.2美国：美国是最早实行义务教育的国家，早在十九世纪，美国就普及了小学教育，在之前17世纪初，首批欧洲移民在北美大陆定居下来以后，教育活动随之开始，由于新英格兰地区的移民大多是英国的清教徒，他们崇尚书本并信奉教育，所以新英格兰地区的教育活动最为活跃，对日后的美国教育特色的形成和发展的影响也最为突出。自19世纪初到20世纪80年代末，美国为支持教育的发展已经经历了四次大的革命浪潮：第一次教育改革是在美国在其教育体制不完整且带有强烈的殖民性和色彩的情况下发起的，这次革命主要是对教育的容世俗化，初等教育的公立化和学校序列的体系化做出的改革，使得当时公立小学和中学普遍建立起来，初中高各级学校互相衔接的机制得以健全。第二次教育改革为了应对充满激烈竞争和公立主义的垄断资本主义社会的各种问题，美国发起了进步主义教育运动，提出了“全儿童”的概念，反对唯智主义，很大程度上成为美国教育思想的主流。第三次国防教育法改革和第四次“国家危险”改革促使美国教育的进步。 2中美基础教育理念 2.1中国基础教育侧重公平，统一：由于中国人口众多，地域广阔，不同地方的教育发展状况不一，为了让全体国民都享有一定的受教育的权利，政府在基础教育阶段的政策主要是为了保证基础教育水平都稳步提升。像法国，前联以及中国在课程决策上具有集权化的传统, 强调中央对课程的开发、管理与控制，课程权力高度集中于中央,课程几乎完全由国家决定,地方和学校都没有课程决策的权力,只能执行国家的决定，保证全国教育的基本水平。这种教育的理念使政府把很大的精力放在保障弱势群体和贫困群众的教育水平，虽然教育的差距任

对比中美中小学教育

对比中美中小学教育 ——激发学生的创造激情 教科院 113班 33号 张晓彤

对比中美中小学教育 ——激发学生的创造激情 摘要：基础教育改革必须坚持继承中的创新和扬弃中的突破，学习和借鉴美国先进的教育理念，公平对待学生，充分重视和尊重学生的自信，个性发展及创造性，让他们在无限的空间实现飞跃，开启学生的想象力、创造力；课堂教学以问题解决为中心，把思维空间留给学生，研究一个具有多种解决方法或答案的“开放性”问题；培养探究性学习，激发学生的创造激情。 关键词：美国教育；中国教育；自信心；创造性；探究性 面对一个全球化的新经济时代，面对一场世界性的教育大转型，人类第一次真正感受到了离政治、经济很远的教育的潜在作用力，从而刮起了一场教育改革的世纪旋风，在历史发展的重大时刻，新世纪中国教育改革声浪之大，为以往所未见，把基础教育予以前所未有的关注，尤其是中小学教育得到前所未有的发展。 一、营造民主氛围和宽松环境，树立学生信心 美国是一个拥有多元文化的移民国家，吸引各国优秀人才是其经济、科学、文化发展的重要组成部分．但美国自身在短短几百年历史中所形成的一些特有的民族特性，在美国的经济发展中起到了不可忽视的主导作用。美国非常重视爱国主义教育，美国小学不开设与中国对应的思想品德教育课程，他们的爱国主义教育通过组织学生参加各种社会活动，参观、访问、了解重大历史事件来进行，不讲很多道理，却直观、形象地从小培养孩子的民族自豪感。 美国学校从小重视和尊重孩子的自尊心和自信心，只有孩子对自己充满信心，长大才能在无限的空间实现飞跃。美国从小学就为孩子营造培养信心的环境。在美国的中小学里，学生在课堂上具有跟老师平等的人格和地位，可以随时与老师进行对话、交流、讨论甚至争辩，在这个过程中，学生从小就养成了人“生而平等”的人格感，能够在活动、游戏、讨论、实验等各个环节中学会独立动手、动 脑分析解决问题，学会如何与人相处的团队精神。 自信心是一种积极的心理品质，是培养学生各种良好习惯的动力基础，更是人格的核心。缺乏自信是制约孩子健康成长的严重阻碍，正如拿破仑所说：“默

英文Proposal 范文

To: College of Business Administration Dean’s Office From: Zihao Fu Subject: A Proposal for setting up a food truck beside the new business building Introduction As the construction began in September, the new business building is finally coming to us. Taking up 140,00 square feet of space the building will have one 250-person lecture hall, three tiered 80-person classrooms, thirteen 50-person classrooms, three 50-station computer labs and many other features. This is definitely exciting for students, as they will be enjoying the business education in a fresh environment with brand new facilities. Faculties should also be pleased with bigger and brighter offices. The new business building can also work as an attraction that appeals to potential future K-State students. Since this is still a very early stage of the construction, it is still feasible for us to add more practical features to the building to better dealing with potential problems. Meanwhile the proposal can also increase the overall attractiveness of College of Business. Problem Description In the blueprint of the new business building we could see that a coffee shop is included. However, having only one coffee shop may not be sufficient. At a round 11 o’clock to 1 o’clock is the “peak hours” f or lunch. Long-winded lines are very common in Union’ food court, Einstein Bros Bagels as well as Derby Dining Center. It is hard to imagine a coffee shop with limited capacity can serve the whole business school, which has the biggest amount of undergraduate students in the university, efficiently. Taking a close look at the campus map I could not help but notice that the new business building is located at the Southeast side of the campus and seems to be alienated from other major buildings. With only one dining facility near the building can result in students who are taking classes at noon in the building has very limited choice for lunch. In addition, they will have to walk a long way to other dining facilities around the campus. Some other students might decide not to have lunch due to the intense schedule and the tiring long way. However, the lacking of essential nutrition and energy intake can cause really negative impact on students’ brain function. The lacking of concentration and reduce students’ attention in class, which ultimately affects their academic performance. Hence, I am proposing a solution to the problem.

Research Proposal 的模板、写作建议以及样本 计算机

Research Proposal N.Mavaddat Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering The University of Western Australia Crawley,W.A.6009 navid@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5317410847.html,.au April2002 A.Proposed Study 1.Title Automatic Determination of Vanishing Points and Geometric Cues for Single View Recti?cation and Metrology. 2.Contribution From a single two-dimensional image of a three-dimensional object or scene it is possible to extract substantial information about the original object or even partially reconstruct the image of the object from a di?erent viewing angle.[4]This has many applications in the?elds of architecture, archaeology,forensic science and many others.This analysis can provide,in the case of metrology, measurement of the original scene,and in the case of recti?cation,the necessary information to construct a virtual model of the scene.A critical part of the analysis process is to accurately identify attributes of interest. One such attribute of interest are the‘vanishing points’of a scene.These are de?ned as points at which the extensions of parallel lines appear to converge in the perspective view of the image. In practice the detection of the vanishing points is made by visual inspection of the image and is both cumbersome and not very accurate.An automatic method of the vanishing point detection would eliminate the subjective inspection of the image and expedite the process. In my Honours project I was able to advance a method for automatic detection of the vanish-ing points through the combination of image analysis techniques and projective geometry.The method was successfully applied to the detection of the vanishing points for several images and reconstruction of images from di?erent perspectives.However,the above method can only be readily implemented when there are su?cient straight lines in the image that can be detected by computational methods and their convergence point determined.In general the two-dimensional images may contain none or a very few straight lines.Hence the proposed method has to be much improved and augmented to be a useful tool for practical applications.The attributes of interest are not con?ned to vanishing points.Other attributes such a horizon lines are also useful for single view image analysis.These attributes have yet to be explored and their detection processes automated.Further work includes the development of prototypes for proposed applications of single view metrology and recti?cation. In addition to vanishing points,other geometrical cues can greatly assist the accuracy and feasi-bility of single view metrology.These geometrical cues include determination of right angles and

怎样写好research-proposal(中文)教学文稿

大多数学生和刚起步的研究者都不了解什么是研究计划，也不知道其重要性。简单的说，一个人研究计划的好坏决定了其研究的好坏。一个构思欠佳的研究计划会毁了整个项目，即使它勉强通过了论文答辩委员会。另一方面，一个高质量的研究计划，不仅确保了研究项目的成功，你作为一个研究者的潜力也会给论文委员会留下一个好印象。 一个研究计划是为了说服别人你有一个有价值的研究计划，同时你有这个能力和相应的工作计划来完成它。总之，一个研究计划应包含所有研究过程中的关键步骤，同时也会给读者足够的信息来评估这个拟定的研究。 不论你的研究领域是什么，你选择了什么样的方法，所有的研究计划必须解决以下问题：你打算完成什么，为什么你要做这件事，以及你打算怎样去完成它。 研究计划应该有足够的信息来向你的读者证明你有一个重要的研究想法，你对相关文献和主要问题有很好的把握，同时你的方法是切实可行的。 研究计划的质量不仅取决于研究项目本身，同时也取决于你的计划书写作。一个好的研究项目也可能会有仅仅因为不好的写作而被否决的风险。因此，非常值得你去写得连贯，清晰并且令人信服。 这篇文章强调的是计划书的写作，而非研究思路的开展。 标题： 标题应该简明扼要。比如，“一个关于…的研究”，这样的句子就应该避免。通常，标题是表达功能关系，因为这样的标题清晰的表达了独立和相关的变量。然而，应尽可能，想一个内容翔实又吸引人的标题。一个有效的标题不仅会激发读者的兴趣，也预示了他们会喜欢这个计划。 摘要： 摘要是一个300字左右的简要归纳。它应该包括研究问题，研究的理论基础，假说（如有的话），方法以及主要发现。对方法的描述可能包括试验设计，步骤，样本，还有任何将被用到的手段。 引言： 引言的主要目的是为你的研究问题提供必要的背景。如何设定研究问题可能是计划书写作最难的部分。 如果研究问题被限定在一个概括的，不着边际的文献回顾里，研究问题就会显得琐碎和无趣。然而，如果同样的问题被设定在一个当前非常被关注的研究领域里，它的重要性就变得不言而喻了。 不幸的是，对如何设定你的研究问题并没有任何硬性规定，正如没有对如何写出有趣和翔实的开头段的规定一样。很大程度上要靠你自己的创造力，要取决于你清晰思维的能力和你对问题领域理解的深度。 首先，尝试着把你的研究问题放到当前的热门领域，或是一个陈旧但依然可行的领域；其次，你需要提供一个简要而适当的历史背景；再者，提供该问题的当下背景，在这里，你提出的研究问题应该是关注的焦点。最后，确定“关键角色”（key players），参考最相关和最有代表性的论文。总之，把你的研究问题放到

Research Proposal 写作步骤

英语研究计划书（Research Proposal）的写作步骤和组成部分 先扔一些指导英语研究计划书写作的文章的链接 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5317410847.html,.hk/researchers/rp/wrp https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5317410847.html,/ 序言：写研究计划书的难处在哪里 研究计划书的重要性暂不讨论。个人认为本科生写研究计划书有这些问题： 1. 几乎从未写过研究计划书，接触科研的机会也不多，也没有相关课程教怎么写。不知如何下手。 2. 不知如何搜索英文文献、从英文文献中搜寻和提炼自己需要的信息。 3. 用英语写学术文章，在遣词造句、思维方式方面比较生疏。 STEP1 定研究题目的大方向 选择标准：与自己的本科专业、相关研究或调研经历、要申请的专业、目标教授有关。 注意： 1. 研究的主题最好是当今国际上比较热的，至少别太过时； 如果时间充裕，可以浏览国际上相关领域知名期刊近年来发的文章的题目和摘要，归纳总结一下别人都在研究些什么；也可以在有几个兴趣方向后，问问相关专业领域的老师，他们会比较清楚。 2. 一开始没必要把题目定的太细致，有个大方向即可。 到下一步阅读文献的过程中，随着对研究主题了解的深入和看别人的研究，会产生很多新的想法。如果一开始就限定死了，很可能到后面就发现这个研究缺乏可行性、或者前人已经研究过了。 STEP2 找文献&阅读文献 文献选择的几个标准 1. 以英语文献为主。参考文献列表中也可以有少量中文文献。在刚开始读文献时，可以先看些中文的，这样方便你了解相关研究背景。以免在看英文文献时云里雾里，看不懂。 2. 相关专业具有影响力的期刊（若不知道，可以咨询相关专业的老师，他们比较清楚）上发的文章； 3. 相关领域权威泰斗人士发的文章（可以追踪他长期的研究，一一阅读他从早期到现在的论文，这样能了解到这个研究主题发展的脉络）；

Research Proposal的写作步骤及组成部分

STEP 1 定研究题目的大方向 选择标准：与自己的本科专业、相关研究或调研经历、要申请的专业、目标教授有关。 注意： 1. 浏览国际上相关领域知名期刊近年来发的文章的题目和摘要，归纳总结一下别人都在研究些什么；也可以在有几个兴趣方向后，问问相关专业领域的老师，他们会比较清楚。 2. 一开始没必要把题目定的太细致，有个大方向即可。 到下一步阅读文献的过程中，随着对研究主题了解的深入和看别人的研究，会产生很多新的想法。如果一开始就限定死了，很可能到后面就发现这个研究缺乏可行性、或者前人已经研究过了。 STEP 2 找文献&阅读文献 文献选择的几个标准 1. 以英语文献为主。参考文献列表中也可以有少量中文文献。在刚开始读文献时，可以先看些中文的，方便了解相关研究背景。以免在看英文文献时云里雾里，看不懂。 2. 相关专业具有影响力的期刊上发的文章； 3. 相关领域权威泰斗人士发的文章（可以追踪他长期的研究，一一阅读他从早期到现在的论文，这样能了解到这个研究主题发展的脉络）； 4. 近几年的文章，太久的（比如10年前的）参考价值降低； 5. 如果你的目标教授有发表相关的英语文章，也可以找出来看看。 6. 中文有很多垃圾期刊，少看那上面的文章，不如不看 7. 硕士和博士学位论文涵盖的内容比较综合，可以看个几篇，用于了解该领域的研究情况，来龙去脉，补充一些基础背景知识之类的。

找文献的方法： 英文：通过Google学术搜索; 如果你所在的学校买了该数据库，就可以直接下载。 中文：一般是通过中国知网搜索。 需要看多少篇文章:写一篇研究计划书，需要精读15篇以上英文论文。中文的5-10篇，多看一些也无所谓（看得快嘛），但要避免看垃圾文章。 看文献的Tips 1. 将觉得需要认真看、反复研究的重点文章打印出来，反复看，也方便做记号和前后对照翻阅。 2. 在读的过程中，遇到写得好的、关键的、觉得有可能在研究计划书中用上的句子，复制粘贴到一个word文档里并简要标明出处。 3. 读文献的过程中有任何想法都要赶紧记下来。可以用笔记本手写，也可以建一个word文档记。 4.认真研究英文文献的句子，模仿他们的行文和表述方式。在此推荐一本英语学术写作的书，可以先简要阅读一遍，名字叫The elements of style，网上能搜到英文原版和中译版。 STEP3 开始写 1. 写的过程中，记得随时翻阅相关文献。觉得写不下去时，就再去看文献，也可以求助于老师或学术能力比较强的师兄师姐。 2. 字数在1500-2000字左右为宜（不包括参考文献）

bec proposal范文

May 21,2013 Dear Mr.Michael James, Re:Application for Most Improved Organisation Award I am writing to apply for the Most Improved Award which I have seen advertised in "China Daily" of Monday 14th April 2013. We are LDs Car Ltd Company.Our headquarter is located in No.569,Yuelu Road,Yuelu District,Changsha,Hunan,China.And we have 40 branches,13 in China and the other 27 branches in US,UK,Australia and Canada respectively.We are specialize in producing user-friendly cars in the world.Although our company has 50 years long history,being considered as traditional car brand,we never stop the step by developing new technologies and updating our products in coincide with up-to-date technology.Innovation and Low-Carbon Concept are new corporate philosophy. Last year,our research and development department designed a new model car which is called "Solar Powered Auto".This new model car has a attractive appearance and comfortable interior layout.The most breaking point is that we use solar energy rather than traditional petrol to power car itself.Thus we have built a important landmark in the car field. Through our promotion we have tried in the Chinese market ,we can easily find that the district economy has considerably improved due to the fact that our new products had increased the domestic consumption.Also,the feedback of field surveys from our customers shows that most of them satisfied with the environment-friendly cars. If we can win this award,we will make full use of the prize money to benefit our staff.Basically,the cash gifts will be given to those highly hardworking employees.We will also offer sticky rewards ,such as an all-expense-paid trip for an employee and his or her spouse,physical health check-ups,memberships or discounts on membership fees at health clubs and fitness centers and so on. With this great improvement our business has made,I believe that our company is totally qualified for this award. In the meantime,if you require any further information about our company,please do not hesitate to call me.My phone number is 342566658.I look forward to hearing from you soon. Yours sincerely,

英语proposal范文

Introduction This proposal sets out to examine options for the successful globalization of our ‘Borders’ brand. The initial market under consideration is Continental Europe. For the purposes of this proposal, we will be considering three aspects of the brand, namely our logo, the ‘Borders’ concept and finally, the product itself, ‘Borders’ wellington boots. Findings The following points summarise our key findings. ?It was found that our existing logo, a pair of wellington boots encircled by the word ‘Borders’, is visual enough to be used in markets where English is not widely spoken. ?Attitudes to outerwear differ throughout Europe and our boots are likely to appeal to different market sectors in different countries. This has serious implications for the benefits we wish to publicise. Although Danish farmers would be willing to purchase such a high quality, product, farmers in some countries would be unlikely to choose a British brand over a domestic product. However, the very Britishness of the product would appeal to the style-conscious elements of the French and Italian markets, summoning up images of the English upper classes and country houses. ?Our current product is multi-purpose and as such would not need adapting to suit different sectors of the European market.

Project Proposal 项目建议书 英文 模板

Proposal for Junior Achievement Project Yanqin Fu Xiaoping Hu South Westfalia University of Applied Science

Table of Contents Executive Summary (1) Statement of Need (2) Project Description (4) Project Evaluation (7) Budget (8) Organization Profile (12) Timeline (13) Conclusion (14) Appendices (15)

Executive Summary With the fast growth of college graduate population, it is more and more difficult for students to find a job. Under this circumstance, setting up new businesses is becoming an effective way out. The government of China is laying great effort to encourage students to start up businesses. “Booming private capital is key to overall economic development”, says Prime Ministry Wen Jiabao. However, the lack of knowledge and experience is setting obstacles for the students. Therefore, we need urgently to strengthen students’ability in doing business. This proposal aims at introducing how the organization “Brilliant” plans to carry out the project of fostering entrepreneurship of college students in Hangzhou, and asking for a fund of 833,000 yuan to support the project.

英语的建议书范文

英语的建议书范文 不知道英语的建议书怎么写？别着急，下面整理了英语的建议书，欢迎大家阅读学习！ Dearclassmates: Noweverybodyadvocatesprotectingtheearth,protectourhomes,sol etusalsostarttoact,withourwisdom,useourhandstoprotecttheear thtogether,savenaturalresources.ThefollowingismySuggestions . Thefirstpoint:theuseofpaper 1,willnotrunoutofpaperinoldexercisebooksbound,dothedraft 2,savepaper,writeadraftpaperfull,notjustwriteafewwordsjustt hrowitaway.

3,trytosavepaper,toiletpaperandpapernapkin,useahandkerchief insteadofjustreplacewithahandkerchief. 4,inthewastepaperpracticewritingbrushcalligraphyandpainting traditionalChinesepainting. Thesecondpoint:theuseofwatersaving 1,canbeusedbutrelativelycleanwaterflushthetoilet,cleanthefl oororwatertheflowers. 2,waterintermittentcanturnoffthefaucet,avoidunnecessarywast e. 3,asmallamountofclothestowash,avoidwashingmachineswashwithp lentyofwater.

申请文书Research proposal怎么写

申请文书Researchproposal怎么写 首先，先讨论最常见的SOP。无论申请什么学校，一定都会要求SOP。这份文件通常分以下几个部份：大学时期修过课程，大学时期研究，硕班时期修过课程，硕班时期研究，课外活动，打工或经验，毕业后的研究经验，未来研究计划。Statementofpurpose里的研究计划大概只有一段左右。整篇statement大约为1000字上下最为常见。Researchproposal一般来说是申请博士才会需要，但是有一些硕士班申请也会要求。通常researchproposal会比statementofpurpose长。依学校要求可能少则1000字，多则高达十几二十页。至于researchproposal要写得多详细有两种方式：一个是挑一个研究的方向，写得很详细，展现出现你有能力做深度的研究；另一个是挑两三个研究的主题，每一个都讨论一页左右，让学校觉得你是一个很有弹性，愿意多方学习的人。最重要的是，一定要去学校的网站看有哪些研究者，哪些教授，这些教授最近的学生在做什么主题，他们自己又是做什么主题。你写的研究方向如果是教授几年前在做的主题，可能他现在已经没有在做了，或是做腻了，教授可能就不会特别想收你。教授最近在做什么研究，学校的网站会给你最初步的了解，但是最重要的是看教授最近发表的paper或是书，或是他的学生发表的paper或是书是在做什么主题。Researchproposal通常还会包含一个literaturereview，也就是把目前为止学者们做的研究做到哪里了，写出来。那接下来你得说明，你赞成哪些**，不赞成哪些**，以及最重要的是，你未来的研究，跟前人的研究有什么不同，你的学术贡献在哪里如果是你比较toppriority想申请的学校，建议博士班申请可以将自己的研究想法，过去做过的研究成果，以及未来想走的方向写一封大约500字的email给你中意的教授。甚至如果有时间的话，可以去参加conference，遇到教授时就直接上前跟他攀谈。如果没有conference可参加，那就直接寄信问教授是否有意愿跟你会面。寄简短的researchproposal给教授，要注意的是，不要只写：我对你的研究很有兴趣…我毕业于XX大学…我觉得你

Proposal英文版

A Proposal to Study the Feasibility of Applying the Mobile Dining Service Platform Submitted to Mingjie Wang Instructor of Business English Reading & Writing Courses ZISU Prepared by Yingchun Du Department of Business English Class 1 ZISU October 19th, 2014

Internal Communication DATE: February 9, 2014 TO: Dr. Mingjie Wang FROM: Yingchun Du SUBJECT: Feasibility Study – Mobile Dining Service Platform Authorization and Background At our class on October 15th, our group discussed our research topic and decided to study the feasibility of the mobile dining service based on the widely-use of it. We have also made a simple list about our research and I submit this proposal to get the teacher's approval.

research proposal写作指南——phd必备

RESEARCH PROPOSAL GUIDELINES A research proposal is a required document as part of an application for admission to a postgraduate research degree at the University of Sydney. It is necessary to prepare a proposal that clearly summarises your proposed research project. The proposal should be prepared by you and reviewed by your supervisor(s) before submission with your application for admission. If you are admitted, this initial research proposal will be used as a basis for preparation of your final research program in your first year of candidature. Below are the guidelines to help you prepare your initial research proposal for admission. Requirements of faculties may vary so please contact your supervisor(s) or the relevant Postgraduate Research Coordinator for more information. CONTENT DESCRIPTION MINIMUM – MAXIMIM LENGTH Up to 2000 words. PROJECT TITLE Working title for the project. SUPERVISOR NAME(S) Names of supervisor(s). PROPOSED MODE OF RESEARCH Describe your mode of research. For example, creative work, laboratory/field research, clinical investigations, archive/library study. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES What are the overall aims of the work? What objectives are necessary to meet the aims? SYNOPSIS Briefly describe the key aspects of what you will be investigating. BACKGROUND Brief review of literature in the area of interest. Describe what research lays the groundwork for your topic. EXPECTED RESEARCH CONTRIBUTION Why is the topic/creative work important? Describe how the research may be novel and its impact on the discipline. THE PROPOSED METHODOLOGY Approach or methodology to be used in the research, the materials/equipment you intend to use, your space/laboratory/studio requirements. WORK PLAN An initial plan for completion with annual milestones (eg. over 3 years). RESOURCES Provide details of major resources required for you to carry out your research project. What significant resources are required for the success of your proposed project? (eg. travel, equipment). REFERENCES A short bibliography of the cited literature.