如何写一篇文章的摘要summary

如何写一篇文章的摘要？

摘要是对一篇文章的主题思想的简单陈述。它用最简洁的语言概括了原文的主题。写摘要主要包括三个步骤：（1）阅读；（2）写作；（3）修改成文。

第一步：阅读

A．认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。

B．给摘要起一个标题。用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想。

C．现在，就该决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。

D．简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。

第二步：动手写作

A. 摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长。因此首先数一下原文的字数，然后除以三，得到一个数字。摘要的字数可以少于这个数字，但是千万不能超过这个数字。

B. 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。不要引用原文的句子。

C. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。

D. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。

E. 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧：

1) 删除细节。只保留主要观点。

2) 选择一至两个例子。原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。

3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。

4) 避免重复。在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。

5) 压缩长的句子。如下列两例：

“His courage in battle might witho ut exaggeration be called lion-like.” 可以概括为：”He was very brave in battle.”

“He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”

可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.”

6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子：

“Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lu shan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting th em ten years ago.”

可以概括为：”Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation services.”

7) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比如：

“She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.”

可以概括为：”She brought home a lot of books to read during the vocation.”

8）使用最短的连接词。比如，可以使用but, then, thus, yet, though，不能使用at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other hand 等较长的连接词。通常，使用分号就能够达成使用连接词的效果。

9) 文章中的第一人称说的话通常在摘要中转换成第三人称，从而把大段的对白简化，比如：

Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly: You use much too much salt on your food, Paul —it’s not good for you!” Paul put down his knife and frowned:”Why on earth not! If you didn’t have salt on your food it would taste awful… like eating cardboard or sand… just imagine bread without salt in it, or potatoes or pasta cooked without salt!” Kate was patient. She didn’t want to quarrel with Paul. She wanted to persuade him. She said firmly:”But too much salt is bad for you. It cause high blood pressure and latter on, heart-attacks. It also disguises the taste of food, the real tastes which are much more subtle than salt, and which we have lost the sensitivity to appreciate any more.”

可以用第三人称概括为：

Kate suggested to Paul that he should eat less salt. She thought that eating too much salt would do hard to Paul’s health and that it could reduce the real tastes of food. But Paul disagreed. He said that food without salt would be tasteless.

第三步：修改成文

草稿拟好以后，对它进行修改。首先，与原文比较看是否把所有重要的观点都概括了，摘要中的观点是否与原文中的完全一致。其次，如果摘要中出现了不必要的词汇、短语或长句子，删除它们。第三，检查拼写、语法和标点符号的错误。最后，保持语言简单明了。

经过上述步骤和方法，一篇摘要就可以完成了。

The summary

Definition

The summary is a brief restatement of the essential thought of a longer composition.

Give the gist of the author’s exact and essential meaning.

A summary should not contain any interpretation or comment.

Uses of summary writing

(1) improving reading comprehension Requires carefully reading Concentration of attention

(2) good for composition writing. express one’s thought clearly, concisely.

(3) Practical uses for scientists, businessmen, lawyers etc. Procedures

(1) reading

1) Read the passage through to get the gist.

2) Give a title to your summary. Topic sentence at the beginning/ end of the passage.

3) Decide important points.

4) take down main points- the subject, title, and important details.

(2) writing

1) length. Summary be 1/4~1/3 the length of the original.

2) your own words, instead of a patchwork from the original.

3) follow the logical order of the original.

4) self-contained, fully and clearly convey the message of the original.

5)compression:

- omit the details.

- reduce the examples.

- simplify the descriptions.

- eliminate all repetitions.

- compress wordy sentences and change phrases to words.

e.g. They acted in a manner that rendered them liable to prosecution.→ They acted illegally.

- use general words instead of specific words.

- use the shortest possible transitions. For example, but, then, thus, yet and for.

- put the main points of a dialogue in indirect speech.

(3) revision

Revise your draft.

Compare it with the original and make sure-

it has all the important points

it doesn’t have unnecessary words or phrases.

the language is simple and direct.

it has no mistakes in spelling, grammar, punctuation.

英文Summary写作方法、范例及常用句式

英文Summary写作方法、范例及常用句式

摘要是对一篇文章的主题思想的简单陈述。它用最简洁的语言概括了原文的主题。写摘要主要包括三个步骤：（1）阅读；（2）写作；（3）修改成文。 第一步：阅读 A．认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。 B．给摘要起一个标题。用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想。C．现在，就该决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。 D．简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。 第二步：动手写作 A. 摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长。因此首先数一下原文的字数，然后除以三，得到一个数字。摘要的字数可以少于这个数字，但是千万不能超过这个数字。 B. 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。不要引用原文的句子。 C. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。 D. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。 E. 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧：

1) 删除细节。只保留主要观点。 2) 选择一至两个例子。原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。 3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。 4) 避免重复。在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。 5) 压缩长的句子。如下列两例： “His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.” 可以概括为：”He was very brave in battle.” “He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.” 6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子：“Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.” 可以概括为：”Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation services.”

Summary的写作技巧和常见句型

S u m m a r y 的写作技巧和常见句型 、概括原文 一）阅读 1. 读懂文章读文章的时候，要养成良好的阅读习惯，划划写写，英文阅读的时候，用铅笔轻轻划出重点词汇。 认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。 2. 拆分文章按照作者的思路，把文章分段，每个段落用几个词，几个短语概括。尽量简短，精 炼。 段落中心句，在段落的开头或末尾。有时也会变态的在当中。 3. 概括主旨写出文章的thesis, 一句话概括文章的主旨。 二）基本结构和技巧 1.重新拟定标题给summary 起一个标题。用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。 2. 阐述观点 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。不要引用原文的句子。写概述的时候，如果能够明确是他人写作的文章，注意要把作者的名字放在第一句（或者是接着写出要阐述的main ideas （主要观点）和supporting points （对主要观点的the author .. ）。

支持）。 3. 词汇运用 注意概述的cohere nee （连贯性），运用好tran siti on words （过渡 词） , like however, furthermore, nonetheless, besides, therefore etc. 4. 删除细节 只保留主要观点。 5. 选择一至两个有代表性的例子 原文中可能包括5 个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。 6. 把长句变成短句，把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。 He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor. 可以概括为：“ He was in finan cial difficulties. His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion- like. ” 可以概括为：” He was very brave in battle. He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor. 可以概括为：“ He was in finan cial difficulties. 6）你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子： Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago. ” 可以概括为：” Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays,

怎么写英文摘要summary

摘要是对一篇文章的主题思想的简单陈述。它用最简洁的语言概括了原文的主题。写摘要主要包括三个步骤： （1）阅读； （2）写作； （3）修改成文。 第一步： 阅读 A．认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。 B．给摘要起一个标题。用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。 一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想。 C．现在，就该决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。 D．简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。 第二步： 动手写作 A.摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长。因此首先数一下原文的字数，然后除以三，得到一个数字。摘要的字数可以少于这个数字，但是千万不能超过这个数字。 B.摘要应全部用自己的话完成。不要引用原文的句子。

C.应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。 D.摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。 E.写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧： 1)删除细节。只保留主要观点。 2)选择一至两个例子。原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。 3)把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。 4)避免重复。在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。 5)压缩长的句子。如下列两例： “Hiscourageinbattlemightwithoutexaggerationbecalledlion-like.”可以概括为：”He was very brave in battle.” “He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”可以概括为： “He was in financial difficulties.” 6)你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子： “BeautifulmountainslikeMountTai,LushanMountain,andMountHuang,were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages,holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train andbus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thoughtof visiting them ten years ago.” 可以概括为：

summary格式及模板

SUMMARY的最常见格式是总分总.开头笼统的介绍以下,给读者一个大概的概念,然后分段总结这个你好总结的东东的各个方面.关键看你要写多少字,概括的是什么,再决定中间这部分是分小段还是一大段内,分开概括.最后就是总结了.有的时候你会感觉总结和开篇介绍很相似,确实是这样,但是总结只是更近一步的对这个事物进行了概括.这个时候,读者就应该对你所总结的事物有一种整体上的认识了. 一段好的摘要必须包括main idea和supporting details。main idea说明文章的主旨，作者主要诉说的故事是关于什么supporting details则帮助发展或说明主题。 如何写英文摘要英文摘要如何写如何写摘要 一、概述文章摘要是对所写文章主要内容的精炼概括。美国人称摘要为“Abstract”,而英国人则喜欢称其为“Summary”。通常国际刊物要求所要刊登的文章字数，包括摘要部分不超过1万字。而对文章摘要部分的字数要求则更少。因此，写摘要时，应用最为简练的语言来表达论文之精华。论文摘要的重点应放在所研究的成果和结论上。 国际会议要求的论文摘要的字数不等，一般为200字-500字。而国际刊物要求所刊登的论文摘要的字数通常是100字-200字。摘要的位置一般放在一篇文章的最前面，内容上涵盖全文，并直接点明全旨。语言上要求尽量简炼。摘要通常多采用第三人称撰写。 科学书籍、论文和学术报告一般都附有内容摘要，这样可以节省读者的时间，使他们不必读完整个文章就能够了解它的主要内容。书籍摘要，一般放在封二或封三；论文和学术报告的摘要，一般放在正文前面。摘要应做到简明扼要，切题，能独立成文，使读者能准确地了解书籍的要义。写摘要时，最好用第三人称的完整的陈述句，文长一般不超过200个词。 摘要分陈述性的（Deｓｃｒｉｐｔive）和资料性的（Informational）两类。陈述性摘要只陈述书籍或文章的主题，不介绍内容。资料性的摘要除了介绍主题外，还应介绍文章的要点和各个要点的主要内容。它可以包括三个组成部分①点明主题，解析文章或书籍的目的或意图；②介绍主要内容，使读者迅速了解文章或书籍的概貌；③提出结论或建议，以供读者参考。 二、常见句型 1）This paper deals with.. 2）This article focuses on the topics of (that,having,etc). 3）3）This eassy presents knowledge that... 4）4）This thesis discusses... 5）5）This thesis analyzes... 6）6）This paper provides an overview of... 7）7)This paper elaborates on .. 8）8）This article gives an overview of... 9）9）This article compares...and summarizes key findings. 10）This paper includes discussions concerning... 11）11)This paper presents up 12）12)This article covers the role of chemicals in...

新高考英语作文新题型(summary writing)

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英语作文Summary

上册两篇 Unit Two Text A Recession-proofing your career Introductory remarks In the text, Dr. Barbara Moses describes a new career development paradigm for today’s employees, that is, guaranteed jobs have already become history and it’s high time to engage in a lifelong, self-monitored process which can help to promote and prepare oneself for a change, esp. during periods of recession. She then suggests some skills which are indispensable when responding to new work trends. She recommends discovering both your overt and covert talents, making sure a wide range of positions are available to you, and never committing to any “hot job” which exceeds either your interest or talent. Moreover, being skilled or qualified is not the only criteria. You must be able to “market” yourself, to convince the employer that you are the most suitable candidate for the job, for which purpose you have to establish a social network that can help you make your career decisions “both inside and outside of your professions.” Always follow work trend s. Finally, psychological elements are also important, so never let yourself down and find a balance between the ambitious Type A and more relaxed Type B. In a word, don't be under the misconception that your job is always secure and if you work hard you’ll surely get a good job. You must be fully responsible for the future prospects of your chosen career. Unit Three Text A Lies Introductory Remarks People usually have very negative views regarding lies. Liars are frequently criticized, even cursed. Yet this passage exemplifies a different perspective, one which cruelly reveals the fact that everyone tells lies and that lies are indispensable for happiness, perhaps even our very survival. According to the author, lies are consoling elements that can soothe dying patients and help consolidate the requirements of a society. Lies make us feel superior to other species and disguise our mortal doom. Religions abound with myths and tales, which are basically lies that provide human beings with a sense of safety. People need big lies, though they are occasionally taken advantage of, because lying disguises our mortality, our inadequacies, our fears and anxieties, our loneliness in the midst of the crowd.

summary的写法

summary的写法 Summary的写法 一、概括原文 （一）阅读 1.读懂文章 读文章的时候，要养成良好的阅读习惯，划划写写，英文阅读的时候，用铅笔轻轻划出重点词汇。 认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。 2.拆分文章 按照作者的思路，把文章分段，每个段落用几个词，几个短语概括。尽量简短，精炼。段落中心句，在段落的开头或末尾。有时也会变态的在当中。 3.概括主旨 写出文章的thesis,一句话概括文章的主旨。 （二）基本结构和技巧 1.重新拟定标题 给summary起一个标题。用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。 2.阐述观点 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。不要引用原文的句子。写概述的时候，如果能够明确是他人写作的文章，注意要把作者的名字放在第一句（或者是theauthor…….）。接着写出要阐述的mainideas（主要观点）和supportingpoints（对主要观点的支持）。

3.词汇运用 注意概述的coherence（连贯性），运用好transitionwords（过渡词）,likehowever,furthermore,nonetheless,besides,thereforeetc. 4.删除细节 只保留主要观点。 5.选择一至两个有代表性的例子 原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。 6.把长句变成短句，把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。 “Hewashardupformoneyandwasbeingpressedbyhiscreditor.” 可以概括为：“Hewasinfinancialdifficulties.” “Hiscourageinbatt lemightwithoutexaggerationbecalledlion-like.” 可以概括为：”Hewasverybraveinbattle.” “Hewashardupformoneyandwasbeingpressedbyhiscreditor.” 可以概括为：“Hewasinfinancialdifficulties.” 6)你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子： “BeautifulmountainslikeMountTai,LushanMountain,andMountHuang ,werevisitedbyonlyafewpeopleinthepast.Today,betterwages,holidayswithp ay,newhotelsonthesemountains,andbettertrainandbusservices,havebrought themwithinreachofmanywho1 neverthoughtofvisitingthemtenyea rsago.” 可以概括 为：”BeautifulmountainslikeMountTai,oncevisitedbyonlyafewpeople,are todayaccessibletomany,thankstobetterwages,paidholidays,newhotelsandb ettertransportationservices.” 7)使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比如：

上海高考英语新题型之概要写作(Summary)

上海高考英语新题型之概要写作 澄衷高级中学孙吉 从2017年起，上海英语高考试卷的题型将面临许多调整，其中之一便是增加了概要写作（Summary writing），也有许多人将之称为“小作文”。概要写作分值占据15分，考查的是考生阅读和写作的综合能力。 概要写作所给定的语篇一般在200-250字，内容丰富多样，包含故事、时政、科普等，体裁以记叙文、说明文为主，字数一般要求在50-60字，答案尽量符合“Key points of a summary”的要求。 一．正确认识概要写作 1. Definition of summary writing（概要写作的定义） By summary, we mean a brief restatement, in your own words, of the content of a passage, an article, a chapter or a book. 2. Key points of a summary（概要写作的要点） Conciseness（简要性）：Omit unnecessary details like examples, explanations and other unimportant information. Length: 1/4-1/3 of the original text. Completeness（完整性）：To include all the main and supporting points delivered in you own words in a condensed manner. Accuracy（准确性）：To give the same attention and stress to the points as the author does. Coherence（连贯性）：Rather than an outline listed as key words and phrases, a summary is a paragraph with necessary transitions and function structures to make it flow. Objectivity（客观性）：Do not include your own ideas or emotions on the topic. The summary should reflect the content of the original passage only. 3. Steps to write a summary（概要写作的步骤） 1）Skim the text to find out the general theme. 2）Analyze the text’s structure to divide it into several sections, find out the main idea of each section and write it out briefly with your own words. (one sentence) 3）Write down the key supporting points for each main idea without involving minor details. 4）Organize the main and related supporting points in a logical order with necessary transitions to achieve coherence. 5）Proofread for grammatical, spelling and punctuation mistakes. 4. Beginning of a summary（概要写作的开头） Begin your summary with: *The author’s name *The article’s or chapter’s name *The author’s thesis statement—a general overview(survey) of the article. The Body: First of all, the author describes……

英语论文中summary的写法

Summary Title: Law in the Louisiana Purchase Author:William Wirt Howe Sources: The Yale Law Journal, V ol. 14, No. 2 (Dec., 1904), pp. 77-81. Published by: The Yale Law Journal Company, Inc. Introduction This paper tends to inquire the introduction and and development of law in the Louisiana Purchase.The topic may have some present interest as a matter of legal history and comparative jurisprudence. To apprehend the subject, we have to consider three sources and streams of influence-French, Spanish and English. Body French influence Going back to the 16th and 17th centuries, France was embarking in discovery and colonization in the western world. At that time, France was divided into the country of the written law and the country of the customary law. The southern portion, called the country of the written law,while, the northern region came to be known as the country of the customary law. Both of the two laws in France, however, were influenced by the Roman law.And then, France copied its law system into its colonies like in Canada and America. So did in 1715 the commerce of Louisiana. In theory, Louisiana was governed by the same system of law, Roman at foundation, but modified by statute, edict, ordinance and custom. Spanish influence In 1762, the Colony of Louisiana was ceded to Spain. In this way, there came in some elements of Spanish law and jurisprudence. In 1769, as Judge Martin states his “History of Louisiana”, it is believed that the laws of Spain became the sole guide of the tribunals in their decisions. But as these laws, as well as those of France, were based on the Roman system. English influence On December 20th ,1803, the United States took possession of the Colony of Louisiana from France. In 1804 the Territory of Orleans was organized, including about the present area of the State of Louisiana. Taking up the legal history of the Territory of Orleans, we find its inhabitants mainly of French and Spanish descent, and strongly attached to the civil law in private matters. In criminal matters, a statute of 1805, which is still in force, adopted the common law of England as the basis of definition and procedure. In 1812 the territory was admitted into the Union as a state, under the name of Louisiana. It will, therefore, be seen that the system is quite eclectic. So far as general provisions

英文Summary写作方法、范例及常用句式

请同学们注意，概要和摘要的写作内容及写作方法是完全不同的。有的人把概要也称为摘要，切记一定要区分开！概要的英语是：summary, 摘要的英语是：abstract 。 概要是对一篇文章的主题思想的简单陈述。它用最简洁的语言概括了原文的主题。写摘要主要包括三个步骤：（1）阅读；（2）写作；（3）修改成文。 第一步：阅读 A．认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。 B．给摘要起一个标题。用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想。 C．现在，就该决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。 D．简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。 第二步：动手写作 A. 摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长。因此首先数一下原文的字数，然后除以三，得到一个数字。摘要的字数可以少于这个数字，但是千万不能超过这个数字。 B. 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。不要引用原文的句子。 C. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。 D. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。 E. 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧： 1) 删除细节。只保留主要观点。 2) 选择一至两个例子。原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。 3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。 4) 避免重复。在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。 5) 压缩长的句子。如下列两例： “His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.” 可以概括为：”He was very brave in battle.” “He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.” 可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.” 6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子： “Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.” 可以概括为：”Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation services.” 7) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比如： “She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.” 1/ 9

Summary practice总结练习

题目Summary practice 要求 Write a summary for the following passage. Make sure that you follo wing the six-step method we introduced in class, and use connective words to clarify the ideas. You should supply a title for your summary. Profit-sharing is a name given historically to a method of applying s ome of the revenues of a company to the benefit of its employees. It relates to the distribution, in cash or in credit, of a proportion of the net profits in advance by an undertaking on the part of the owners or managers. It is sometimes used as a general term to include the acquisition of s hares in the company by its employees, but its use in this sense is stri ctly appropriate only in the small number of cases in which the meth od of distributing all or part of the proportion of the net profits takes the form of a free issue of company shares. There is, however, an ele ment of “profit-sharing” in the numerous cases of employee sharehol ding in which the purchase of shares by employees is assisted by the company, either by enabling them to buy at a reduced price or by ad

Summary的写作技巧和常见句型

Summary的写作技巧和常见句型 一、概括原文 （一）阅读 1.读懂文章 读文章的时候，要养成良好的阅读习惯，划划写写，英文阅读的时候，用铅笔轻轻划出重点词汇。 认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。 2.拆分文章 按照作者的思路，把文章分段，每个段落用几个词，几个短语概括。尽量简短，精炼。 段落中心句，在段落的开头或末尾。有时也会变态的在当中。 3.概括主旨 写出文章的thesis, 一句话概括文章的主旨。 （二）基本结构和技巧 1.重新拟定标题 给summary起一个标题。用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。 2.阐述观点 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。不要引用原文的句子。写概述的时候，如果能够明确是他人写作的文章，注意要把作者的名字放在第一句（或者是the author…….）。接着写出要阐述的main ideas（主要观点）和supporting points（对主要观点的支持）。 3.词汇运用 注意概述的coherence（连贯性），运用好transition words（过渡词）, like however, furthermore, nonetheless, besides, therefore etc. 4.删除细节 只保留主要观点。 5.选择一至两个有代表性的例子 原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。 6.把长句变成短句，把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。 “He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.” 可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.” “His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.” 可以概括为：”He was very brave in battle.” “He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.” 可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.” 6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子： “Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.” 可以概括为：”Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation services.” 7) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比如：