【优质】翻译作业期中前
第一章翻译标准与英汉对比
请翻译下列句子。
1.Can you answer a question which I want to ask and which is puzzling me?
2.Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed
and digested.
3.That government of the people, by the people, and for the people, shall not perish
from the earth.
4.学得有趣，效率就会高；学得辛苦，效率就低。
5.请旅客在此填写报关表格。
6.认识错误，才能改正错误。
7.西部地域辽阔，交通不发达，首先要进行基础设施的建设。
作业答案：
1.我有个问题不懂，想请教你，你能回答吗？（形合转为意合；化整为零）
2.书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则需咀嚼消化。（被动译成具有主动形式
的简化被动态）
3.这个民有、民治、民享的政府永世长存。（化静为动）
4.Learning is more efficient when it is fun, less efficient when it is drudgery. （意
合转为形合；化零为整）
5.Passengers are requested to fill in the customs declaration form here. （为使语气
更委婉，主动变被动）
6.Mistakes must be perceived before they can be corrected. (为加强上下文的连贯
性，主动变被动)
7.Since the western region covers a vast area with poor transport
facilities/transportation, we should first of all conduct infrastructure construction.
(意合转为形合；化零为整)
第二章词法翻译技巧(一)：增词译法
请将下列句子翻译成英文。注意增词译法的使用。
1.请把这张表填一下，填完给我。
2.天气寒冷，河水都结冰了。
3.这个小男孩饭前都洗手，然后用餐巾纸擦干。
4.只是晚上躺在床上的时候，她才感到神志清醒。
请将下列句子翻译成汉语。注意增词译法的使用。
5.The sun came out and the grass dried.
6.We’ll go to the countryside at the beginning of June, when the summer harvest will start.
7.When one is older, one is also more experienced.
8.Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.
9.The host carved, poured, served, cut bread, talked, laughed, proposed health.
作业答案：
1.Please fill in this form, and give it to me when you have finished.
2.It was so cold that the river froze.
3.The little boy always washes his hands before meals and then dries them with napkins.
4.It is only during the night when she lies in bed that she feels she has a clear mind.
5.太阳一出，草就干了。
6.我们六月初要到乡下去，那时夏收就要开始了。
7.一个人的经验是随年龄而增长的。
8.读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修饰之学使人善辨。
9.主人又是切肉，又是倒茶，又是上菜，又是切面包；谈啊，笑啊，敬酒啊，忙个不停。
第三章词法翻译技巧(二)：省词译法
请将下列句子翻译成汉语。注意省词译法的使用。
1. Winter is the best time to study the growth of trees. Although the leaves are gone and branches are bare, the trees themselves are beautiful.
2. For generations, coal and oil have been regarded as the chief energy source to transport man from place to place.
3. He is a good friend that speaks well of us behind our backs.
4. If you don’t go there tomorrow, they will get angry.
请将下列句子翻译成英文。注意省词译法的使用。
5. 我们必须培养分析问题解决问题的能力。
6. 多年来那个国家一直有严重的失业现象。
7. 他连续讲了两个小时的法语，没有出现任何错误。
作业答案：
1. 冬天是研究树木生长的最好季节；虽然树叶落了，树枝光了，但树木本身却很美丽。
2.几十年来，煤和石油一直被认为是交通运输的主要能源。
3.背后说好话的，才是好朋友。
4.你明天不去，他们会生气的。
5.We must cultivate the ability to analyze and solve problems.
6.For many years there has been serious unemployment in that country.
7.He has been talking in French for two hours without any mistakes.
第四章词法翻译技巧(三)：合词译法请将下列句子翻译成汉语。注意合词译法的使用。
1. These are ways and means of Propaganda.
2. The room is cozy and comfortable.
3. She was surprised and taken aback.
4. Really and truly?
5. I hate all this hustle and bustle.
请将下列句子翻译成英文。注意合词译法的使用。
6. 试一试是完全正确的。
7. 他遭受百般疼痛。
作业答案：
1. 这是一些宣传方法。
2. 这个房间非常舒适。
3. 她着实吃了一惊。
4. 千真万确（你敢肯定没错？）
5. 我讨厌这种拥挤不堪的场面。
6. It’s right and proper to try it.
7. He suffered aches and pains.
第五章词法翻译技巧(四)：转性译法
请将下列句子翻译成汉语。注意转性译法的使用。
1）A force is needed to move an object against inertia.
2）In this case the temperature in the furnace is up.
3）The design aims at automatic operation, easy regulation, simple maintenance and high productivity.
4）In the fission process the fission fragments are very radioactive.
5）The new mayor earned some appreciation by the courtesy of coming to visit the city poor.
请将下列句子翻译成英文。注意转性译法的使用。
6）他说起谎来可神啦，能让任何人都相信他。
7）我们必须充分利用现有的技术设备。
8）他们特别强调提高铁的质量。
9）我不知道他们要干什么。
10）她不顾生病，仍去开会。
作业答案：
1）为使物体克服惯性而运动，需要一个力。
2）这种情况下，炉温就升高。
3）设计的目的在于操作自动，调节方便，维护简易，生产率髙。
4）在裂变过程中，裂变碎片具有强烈的放射性。
5）新市长有礼貌地前来访问城市贫民，获得了他们的一些好感。
6）He was a terrific liar: he could make anybody believe him.
7）We must make full use of the existing technical equipment.
8）They laid special stress on raising the quality of iron.
9）I am ignorant of what they intend to do.
10）She attended the meeting in spite of her illness.
第六章句法翻译技巧（一）：换序译法
请将下列句子翻译成汉语。注意换序译法的使用。
1. From the moment they set foot on the territory of their motherland, they were warmly received by their compatriots.
2. Somebody tapped me on the shoulder. I looked up from the exercise books of my young pupils①, which I was just correcting②, into the lined③, kindly④ face of a little⑤ woman farmer of old age⑥.
3. With the third party acting as an intermediary①, to take the interest of the whole into account②, we strongly③demanded with frankness and sincerity④many times⑤at the end of the autumn⑥of the same year⑦that you should compensate all our losses.
4. Perhaps the factor that makes a positive outcome most likely is the clear recognition by the government and business community that there is an overriding need for innovation.
5. Her schedule has brought her almost every honor in running, including eight U.S. records at varying lengths, and a legitimate claim of being the greatest female runner in history.
6. Never before has our country been as united as it is today.
7. The rest of the world will have to react to this millennial economic shift to Asia, and to the rising power of China.
请将下列句子翻译成英文。注意换序译法的使用。
8. 发生了这样的事不是你的错。
9. 一直在一旁观看的小学生们开始鼓起掌来。
10. 会议没能取得一致意见就结束了。
作业答案：
1.从他们踏上祖国土地的那一刻起，就受到同胞们的热情接待。（定语从句前置）
2.有人轻轻拍了拍我的肩膀。我放下正在改的②小学生的①作业本，抬头一看，是一个老农妇⑥，个子矮小⑤，满脸皱纹③，和蔼可亲④。（定语前置与定语后置）
3.考虑到大家的利益②，我们在第三方的调停下①，于同年⑦秋末⑥多次⑤开诚布公地④强烈③要求贵方赔偿我们的一切损失。（状语前置与状语后置）
4.政府和企业社团清楚地认识到革新是压倒一切的需要，这也许才是最有可能产生积极结果的因素。（表语前置）
5.她的成绩表（含八项不同赛程的美国记录）为她带来了跑步领域几乎所有可以获得的荣誉，令她成为有史以来当之无愧的最杰出的女子赛跑运动员。（同位语前置并加括号）
6.今天，我们国家空前团结。（倒装部分后置，否定转肯定）
7.在新千年，经济重心将向亚洲转移，中国将迅速崛起，世界其他地区将不得不对此作出反应。（宾语前置）
8.It’s not your fault that this has happened.（主语从句后置）
9.The pupils that had been watching started to applaud. （定语后置）
10. The meeting ended in disagreement.