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新编英语教程第三版第一册 unit 5

Unit 5

Language Structure

Main Teaching Points: Sentence of unreal conditions:

1.related to something being done at present

e.g. If you were taking a short course in computer science, you’d be learning computer programming fast.

2. with the connective unless

e.g. Lu wouldn’t sing the English songs unles s she had learned them properly.

3. with connective supposing

e.g. Supposing the price were lowered, then Sue would certainly buy the fur coat.

4. with the connective otherwise

e.g. Bob didn’t work hard. Otherwise he wouldn’t have been sacked.

5. in the if it hadn’t been for… pattern

e.g. If it hadn’t been for the sports meeting, I would have come to the video show.

Dialogue Save Our Heritage

A. Listening to the recording

B. Questions on specific details

1. What happened to the Drum Tower and the Buddhist Temple?

2. What’s the fate of the 1000-year-old corridor and the tombstone of a member of the Tang court?

3. What do A and B think the government should do about the people who damage ancient monuments?

4. What is your opinion about the preservation of historical monuments?

C. Language Points

1. legendary a. very famous and celebrated in many stories传奇的，有名的；celebrated in fable or legend传说中的

e.g. 1) Heracles is a lendary Greek hero.

2) Her enormous appetite is legendary in our company.她的胃口之大在我们公司是出了名的。

2. drown v. die in water because one is unable to breathe淹死；flood or drench sth.淹没，盖过

e.g. 1) The flood drowned the whole village.

2) The desperate woman drowned herself in the river.绝望的女人投河自杀了。

3）The teacher’s voice was drowned out by the noise outside.外面很吵，把老师的声音都盖过了。

3. precinct n. （由建筑物或围墙围成的）场地；周围区域；选举区，警区

e.g. 1) It’s a shame to see so many buildings inside the temple’s precincts.寺庙周围建了这么多现代建筑，这真让人感到羞愧。

2）It is very common in the precincts of a college.在大学校园里这样的事情司空见惯。

3）This block will be rebuilt into a shopping precincts.这一街区将改造成一个商业区。

4. refined a.精炼的，精制的；polite, having good manners and good taste有教养的，举止文明的

refine v.净化；精炼，使文雅unrefined a.不文雅的，庸俗的refined gold 纯金refined manners 文雅的举止

近义词：purified 精炼的；cultivated 有教养的

civilized 文明的，有礼的

elegant 优雅的，端庄的

urbane 文雅的，有礼貌的

polished 优雅的，有教养的

e.g. 1) We should not eat too much refined foods such as sugar and white flour.我们不应该吃太多经过精加工的食品，如糖和白面。

2）The story was told in a refined language. 这则故事的语言非常优美。

3）A refined young woman shall never laugh in that way.一位娴静

的淑女不该那么笑。

5. crude a. natural or unrefined 天然的，未加工的；rough；not well

finished 粗糙简陋的；coarse粗鲁的

crude oil原油crude facts赤裸裸的事实

a crude notion 不成熟的想法

e.g. 1) The Middle East is well-known for the production of crude oil.

中东以盛产原油著称。

2）He made a crude sketch for the lake but forgot to paint it.他把湖面画成一张简略的草图，但是忘了着色。

3）He’s good at telling crude jokes.他擅长于讲粗俗的笑话。

6. ravage v. destroy; damage badly 毁坏；rob and plunder with violence蹂躏，劫掠；n. (pl.) destructive effect of sth.; damage done by sth.毁坏的结果

e.g. 1) Sandstorms are the revages of deforestation on the hills. 沙尘暴实滥伐山林的恶果。

2）The country has been revaged by civil war and foreign intervention.国家遭到了内忧外患的双重蹂躏。

7. ignorance n lack of knowledge of information 无知；不知道

e.g. 1) He is in complete ignorance of history. 他对历史一无所知。

2) Ignorance is the mother of fear. 无知是恐惧的根源。

3）She ignored criticism about hr new book. 她无视人们对她新书的批评。

8. counteract v. act against and reduce the force or effect of sth.抵消，中和；抵制

counter(相反的)+act(行动)=反着做=抵消，对抗

counterattack 反攻

counterbalance 使平衡，抵消

counterpart 相对应的人物等

counterdrug 解瘾药；起反作用的药

e.g. 1) This herb can be used to counteract the effects of poison. 这种药草可以解毒。

2）It is doubted whether we should deliberately intervene in the climate system to counteract global warming. 有人质疑，人类是否应该刻意介入气候系统以抵制全球变暖。

9. vicious a. 恶意的，恶毒的；凶恶的，残忍的；（指动物）危险的

vice n. 邪恶，恶行

be vicious about sb. 对某人有恶意

a vicious kick/look/remark 恶狠狠地踢了一脚/样子/言语

a vicious wind/headache/flu-virus极厉害的大风/头痛/流感病毒

a vicious circle恶性循环——a virtuous circle 良性循环

e.g. 1) The author received lots of vicious letters from all over Britain.

作者收到了英国各地的恶毒的来信。

2）The vicious killer has committed a series of murders.这名凶残的杀手已经实施了多起谋杀案。

3）The word “shrew”is taken from the name of a small but especially vicious animal. “泼妇”一词来源于一种体型虽小但非常凶残的动物的名字。

4）Greed and envy are terrible human vices. 贪婪和嫉妒是人性的罪恶。

10. fortune n. destiny命运；chance, luck 运气；large amount of money财富

e.g. 1) He that hath wife and children hath given hostages to fortunes; for they are impediments to great enterprises, either of virture or mischie

f.(Francis Bacon,Essays) 有妻儿之人已向命运之神交了抵押品，因为妻儿是事业的阻挠，无论是善举还是恶行。

2）It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.(Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice)凡是有钱的单身汉，总想娶位太太，这是举世公认的真理。

a big fortune 一大笔钱 a fortune-teller 算命者

tell one’s fortune 给某人算命

make one’s fortune 发财try one’s fortune碰运气

11. endow sb./sth. with sth认为…具有某种品质：给予，赋予

be endowed with sth.天生赋有，生来具有（具有某种特性、品质等）

e.g. 1) She was endowed with intelligence and wit. 她天资聪颖。

2）She has endowed Marcus with the qualities she wanted him to possess. 她认为马库斯具有她所期望的所有品质。

3）to endow sb. a responsibility 赋予某人以责任

D. Retelling

A and

B toured a city rich in historical monuments. They are talking about the trip.

1. damage done to historical monuments

2. people responsible for the damage

3. treasure taken good care of

4. everyone’s responsibility to save cultural treasures

Reading I Museums

A.Listening to the recording

B.Questions on specific details

1.Give the definition of the word museum.

2.How do museum carry on educational programmes?

3.Do museums display everything that is preserved?

4.What is the common goal of all museums?

5.Where do objects usually come from?

6.What do people visit museums for?

7.Does the last paragraph talk about the things one can see in museums?

8.Have you ever been a visitor to a museum?What have you learnt from

it?

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5e18047660.html,nguage Points

1.devoted to : 献身…的；专用于…的

e.g. 1) This is a temple devoted to Athena.这是一座雅典娜神庙。

2）He is a devoted husband and father.他是一个忠实的丈夫和慈爱的父亲。

3）Mother Teresa devoted the entirty of her life to the cause of charity.特蕾莎修女将毕生精力贡献给了慈善事业。

4）These local newspapers are mainly devoted to gossips.这些地方报纸主要报道一些八卦新闻。

2.carry on:go on ;continue继续；坚持；do sth. or take part in sth. for a

period of time进行；talk excitedly; make a fuss喋喋不休

carry-on n.大惊小怪，不得体的行为；随身携带的行李。

e.g.1) John decided to carry on his father’s business.决定子承父业。

2）Hope on her mind, the brave blind girl carried on with her life.那位失明的姑娘怀着希望勇敢地活了下去。

3）Mrs Bennet is carrying on about the problem of her daughter’s marriage.闹闹叨叨的抱怨女儿的婚姻。

3. gain v. obtain, get 获得；get more of 增加；reach经过努力达到

n. profit; increase in wealth获利，收益；improvement ;increase in amount or power增进

e.g. 1) Dealing with these issues helps her mature and gain wisdom.处理这些事情使她日渐成熟、增长智慧。

2）I’m gaining weight these days! I must do something to stop it.

3) Sometimes the best gain is to lose.有时候失即是得。

gain in sth. 更加，增加gain on sb./sth. 赶上，接近

gain around 取得进展gain time 拖延时间

4. watch v. 观看，注意

n.手表；监视；注意；值班时间

e.g. 1) I’m aways watching out for any pickpocket while taking the bus. 乘公交车时，我总是注意提防着扒手。

watch for 寻找；守候watch out 小心；留神

watch over 照管keep a close watch on密切注意

5. otherwise ad. 另外；在其他方面；不同地

conj.否则

a. 并非如此的

e. g. 1) I think it’s an interesting movie, but my brother thinks otherwise. 我觉得这部电影很有意思，但我弟弟却不这么想。

2）He is a little stubborn, but he’s an otherwise very nice person.他人很好，就是有点固执。

3) Get to bed right now, otherwise you’ll get dark circles under your eyes tomorrow.

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Unit 1 恰到好处 Have you ever watched a clumsy man hammering a nail into a box? He hits it first to one side, then to another, perhaps knocking it over completely, so that in the end he only gets half of it into the wood. A skillful carpenter, on the other hand, will drive the nail with a few firm, deft blows, hitting it each time squarely on the head. So with language; the good craftsman will choose words that drive home his point firmly and exactly. A word that is more or less right, a loose phrase, an ambiguous expression, a vague adjective （模糊的形容词）, will not satisfy a writer who aims at clean English. He will try always to get the word that is completely right for his purpose. 你见过一个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上钉钉子吗？只见他左敲敲，右敲敲，说不准还会将整个钉子锤翻，结果敲来敲去到头来只敲进了半截。而娴熟的木匠就不这么干。他每敲一下都会坚实巧妙地正对着钉头落下去，一钉到底。语言也是如此。一位优秀的艺术家谴词造句上力求准确而有力地表达自己的观点。差不多的词，不准确的短语，摸棱两可的表达，含糊不清的修饰，都无法使一位追求纯真英语的作家满意。他会一直思考，直至找到那个能准确表达他的意思的词。 The French have an apt（贴切的） phrase for this. They speak of “le mot juste,” (the exact word) the word that is just right. Stories are told of scrupulous（一丝不苟的） writers, like Flaubert, who spent days trying to get one or two sentences exactly right. Words are many and various; they are subtle（微妙的） and delicate（细腻的） in their different shades（色调）of meaning, and it is not easy to find the ones that express precisely（正是，恰恰） what we want to say. It is not only a matter of having a good command of language and a fairly wide vocabulary; it is also necessary to think hard and to observe accurately. Choosing words is part of the process of realization, of defining our thoughts and feelings for ourselves, as well as for those who hear or read our words. Someone once remarked: “How can I know what I think till I see what I say?” this sounds stupid, but there is a great deal of truth in it. 法国人有一个很贴切的短语来表达这样一个意思，即“le mot juste”, 恰到好处的词。有很多关于精益求精的作家的名人轶事，比如福楼拜常花几天的时间力求使一两个句子在表达上准确无误。在浩瀚的词海中，词与词之间有着微妙的区别，要找到能恰如其分表达我们意思的词绝非易事。这不仅仅是扎实的语言功底和相当大的词汇量的问题，还需要人们绞尽脑汁，要观察敏锐。选词是认识过程的一个步骤，也是详细描述我们的思想感情并表达出来使自己以及听众和读者深刻理解的一个环节。有人说：“在我思想未成文之前，我怎么知道自己的想法？”这听起来似乎很离谱，但它确实很有道理。 It is hard work choosing the right words, but we shall be rewarded by the satisfaction that finding them brings. The exact use of language gives us mastery（掌握） over the material we are dealing with. Perhaps you have been asked “What sort of a man is so-and-so（某某等）?” You begin: “Oh, I think he’s quite a nice chap （家伙）but he’s rather…” and then you hesitate trying to find a word or phrase to express what it is about him that

unit 1新编英语教程第三版第二册

Unit 1 Language Structures Main Teaching Points: The Passive Sentence involving the moral auxiliary have to . The pupils should be told that their homework has to be checked before they hand it in. 2. converted from the active sentence with a direct and indirect object . She isn’t paid anything for overtime. 3. involving the verb phrase/ phrasal verb . I don’t think anybody should be made fun of because of his physical handicap. 4. from by the They say/It is said …patterns . They say/ It is said that three parks will be expanded. Language Points: scratch: (at sth.) to rub your skin with your nails, usually because it is itching;挠，搔（痒处）; to make or remove a mark刮出（或刮去）痕迹；（sb./sth.）(from sth.)to decide that sth. cannot happen or sb./sth. cannot take part in sth., before it starts.取消，撤销，退出 . 1) The dog scratched itself behind the ear. 2)I’d scratched my leg and it was bleeding. 3)Be careful not to scratch the furniture. 4)His pen scratched away on the paper. 5)to scratch a rocket launch取消火箭发射计划 6)She has scratched because of a knee injury. 2. turn sb./sth. down: to reject or refuse to consider an offer, a proposal, etc. or the person who makes it.拒绝，顶回（提议、建议或提议人）；to reduce the noise, heat, etc. produced by a piece of equipment by moving its controls 把…调低；关小 has been turned down for ten jobs so far. 2)He asked her to marry him but she turned him down. 3)Please turn the volume down.音量调低。 3. look down on sb./sth.: to think that you are better than sb./ sth.蔑视，轻视，瞧不起 . She looks down on people who haven’t been to college. look sb. up and down: to look at sb. in a careful or critical way上下仔细打量，挑剔地审视某人 (not) look yourself :to not have your normal healthy appearance气色不像往常那样好 . You’re not looking yourself today.=You look tired or ill/sick.

新编英语教程5(1-12)课文翻译

Unit 1 恰到好处你见过一个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上钉钉子吗？只见他左敲敲，右敲敲，说不准还会将整个钉子锤翻，结果敲来敲去到头来只敲进了半截。而娴熟的木匠就不这么干。他每敲一下都会坚实巧妙地正对着钉头落下去，一钉到底。语言也是如此。一位优秀的艺术家谴词造句上力求准确而有力地表达自己的观点。差不多的词，不准确的短语，摸棱两可的表达，含糊不清的修饰，都无法使一位追求纯真英语的作家满意。他会一直思考，直至找到那个能准确表达他的意思的词。法国人有一个很贴切的短语来表达这样一个意思，即“le mot juste”, 恰到好处的词。有很多关于精益求精的作家的名人轶事，比如福楼拜常花几天的时间力求使一两个句子在表达上准确无误。在浩瀚的词海中，词与词之间有着微妙的区别，要找到能恰如其分表达我们意思的词绝非易事。这不仅仅是扎实的语言功底和相当大的词汇量的问题，还需要人们绞尽脑汁，要观察敏锐。选词是认识过程的一个步骤，也是详细描述我们的思想感情并表达出来使自己以及听众和读者深刻理解的一个环节。有人说：“在我思想未成文之前，我怎么知道自己的想法？”这听起来似乎很离谱，但它确实很有道理。寻找恰如其分的词的确是件不容易的事。一旦找到了那个词，我们就会感到很欣慰：辛劳得到了回报。准确地用语言有助于我们深入了解我们描述的事物。例如，当有人问你：“某某是怎么样的人？”你回答说：“恩，我想他是个不错的家伙，但他非常……”接着你犹豫了，试图找到一个词或短语来说明他到底讨厌在哪里。当你找到一个恰当的短语的时候，你发觉自己对他的看法更清楚，也更精确了。一些英语词汇词根相同而意义却截然不同。例如human 和humane,二者的词根相同，词义也相关，但用法完全不同。“ human action (人类行为)”和“humane action ( 人道行为)”完全是两码事。我们不能说“人道权力宣言”，而是说“人权宣言”。有一种屠杀工具叫“humane killer ( 麻醉屠宰机)，而不是human killer ( 杀人机器)。语言中的坏手艺的例子在我们身边随处可见。有人邀请一名学生去吃饭，他写信给予回复。请看他的信是这样结尾的：“我将很高兴赴约并满怀不安（anxiety ）期待着那个日子的到来。”“Anxiety” 含有烦恼和恐惧的意味。作者想表达的很可能是一种翘首期盼的心情。“Anxiety” 跟热切期盼有一定的关联，但在这个场合是不能等同的。乌干达一政党领袖给新闻界的一封信中有一句这样写道：让我们打破这自私、投机、怯懦和无知充斥的乌干达，代之以真理，刚毅，坚定和奇异的精神。这一激动人心的呼吁被最后一个词“奇异（singularity）” 的误用破坏掉了。我猜想作者真正要表达的意思是思想的专一，即抱定一个信念永不改变，咬定青山不放松，不被次要的目的干扰。而singularity 指的是古怪，特性，是将一个人从众多人中区分出来的那种东西。即使没有出现词语误用，这词仍可能不是符合作者意图的恰如其分的词。一名记者在一篇有关圣诞节的社论中这样引出狄更斯的话：任何有关圣诞节的想法和文字已经被禁锢(imprisoned )在这句话中……“Imprisonment” 暗示着强迫，威逼，这么一来似乎意思是有悖其初衷的。用“包含(contained )”或“归结（summed up ）”就要好些。“概括（epitomized）”也行，尽管听起来有点僵硬。稍微再用点心我们就能准确地找到“mot juste (恰倒好处的词) ”，那就是“distilled”.它比包含和归结语气更强。“Distillation (提炼)”意味得到本质（essence）的东西。因此我们可以进一步把这个句子修改为：所有有关圣诞节的想法和文字的精华都被提炼到这句话之中。

新编英语教程第三版第四册练习册翻译题答案(总主编李观仪,主编梅德明版)

新编英语教程第三版第四册练习册翻译题答案（总主编李观仪，主编梅德明版） Unit1 1.每当他午夜下班回家，他总是蹑手蹑脚地上楼，以免吵醒邻居。 Every time he returned home from work at midnight, he would tiptoe upstairs,trying not to disturb his neighbors. 2.为了与新来的邻居建立一种和睦的关系，格林先生不失时机地主动帮她把行李搬进屋子。To establish some kind of rapport with his new neighbor, Mr.Jones lost no chance in offering to carry her luggage into the house. 3.米勒博士向我们推荐的文章中论述了空气污染问题，同时也提到了诸如水污染、噪音污染和视觉污染等问题。 The article recommended by https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5e18047660.html,ler centers on the problem of air pollution; meanwhile, it touches upon others issues such as water pollution, noise pollution and visual pollution. 4.要不是她朋友时常鼓励她、帮助她，她将一事无成。 If it had not been for the constant encouragement and help from her friends, she couldn’t have accomplished anything. 5.几天前他还对这项计划嗤之以鼻，可他现在却以高涨的热情去努力落实这项计划，这转变真令人难以理解。 It was only a few days ago that he was full of contempt for the new project, but he is now working hard with zest for its realization. What a baffling change! 6.从她的自传可以断定，她对那名钢琴师始终怀有一种复杂的感情。 Judging from what she wrote in her autobiography, she always had mixed feelings for that pianist. 7.他在大厅里候机时与两名美国旅行者攀谈起来，谈到了很多有趣的跨文化方面的问题。While waiting in the lounge for the flight, he struck up a conversation with two American travelers and touched on many interesting cross cultural issues. 8.这些女孩子都害怕晚上单身一人值夜班。 These girls all dread working alone on night duty. 9.我不在乎加班工作，我介意的是在周末尽做一些无意义的琐碎杂务。 I don’t mind working overtime. What I do mind is working on those insignificant trivial during the weekend. Unit2 1.这个看上去饱经风霜的渔翁伸出他那由于辛劳而布满老茧的双手，开始讲述他海上生活的艰难历程。 Holding out his work-gnarled hands, the old fisherman with a weather-beaten face started to tell us about the hardships of his life on the sea. 2.小女孩显然受伤不轻。她哭了好几个小时，现在仍在呻吟。 The little girl is apparently badly injured. She’s been crying for hours and she’s still moaning. 3.当诺贝尔奖得主由主席陪同走上讲台时，整个大厅顿时爆发出一阵欢呼声和鼓掌声。 As the Nobel Prize winner went onto the platform escorted by the chairman, the whole hall rocked with cheers and clapping. 4.舞会进行到高潮时，舞厅里一片乐曲和歌声。 When the dance party was in full swing, music and songs swirled all around the ballroom. 5.不知是何原因，许多大学生又表现出对中国传统戏如京剧和越剧的浓厚兴趣。 For reasons that are not quite understood, there has been a revival of strong interest in