如何做高中英语阅读理解中的推理判断题教案

Reading Comprehension

—how to make inferences

By Sun Yunping

Gaoyou City No.1 Middle School Teaching aim:

To i mprove the students’ ability of make inferences

Teaching difficult point:

How to improve the students’ ability of doing task-based reading

Teaching aid:

Multimedia

Teaching procedures:

Step One: Lead-in

Have a free talk with students and find out the difficulty that they have in doing reading Comprehension.

1.How much time do you usually spend on this exam item?

2. 解读2011年高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求

要求考生读懂简易的英语文学作品、科普文章、公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题。考生应能：

１、理解语篇主旨要义；

２、理解文中具体信息；

３、根据上下文推断生词的词义；

４、作出简单判断和理解；

５、理解文章的基本结构；

６、理解作者的意图和态度;

7 、根据所读，用恰当的词语补全文章提纲、概括关键内容或作关键词词语转换。3．How many question types are there in this exam item?

事实细节型；词义猜测型；主旨大意型；推理判断型

Step Two: Finding out ways

Give students a sample and then help them get the relative ways to solve each question type. Then let them do some practice.

1).How to infer the implied meanings(推断隐含意义)

【Sample】

It is fun to turn over a big rock on the beach. Make sure you turn the rock back to the position it was in after you moved it. If you don’t turn it back over, all the sea animals under it or clinging to（依附）the underside will die.

You can tell that rocks ________.(B)

A. hurt sea animals

B. protect sea animals

C. won’t be found on beaches

D. can’t be found on beaches

【解题技巧】

1.全面分析

2.忠实原文

3.不选表层信息

【Practice】

1. (2010江苏B)The real problem is that the areas where wolves can live are being used by people．Even if wilderness land is not used directly for human needs, the wolves can’t always find enough food. So they travel to the nearest source, which is often a farm. Then there is danger. The“big bad wolf”has arrived! And everyone knows what happens next．

The last sentence“ And everyone knows what happens next” implies that in such cases.(B) A．farm animals will be in danger and have to be shipped away

B．wolves will kill people and people will in turn kill them

C．wolves will find enough food sources on farms

D．people will leave the areas where wolves can live

2. (2010全国卷II A）One day, as I was getting her food, Brownie chewed up(咬破) one of Dad’s shoes, which had to be thrown away in the end. I knew Dad would be mad and I had to let her know what she did was wrong. When I looked at her and said, “Bad girl.” She looked down at the ground and then went and hid. I saw a tear in her eyes.

We can infer from Paragraph 2 that Brownie __.(B)

A. would eat anything when hungry

B. felt sorry for her mistake

C. loved playing hide-and-seek

D. disliked the author's dad

2).How to infer the author’s opinion and attitudes(推断作者观点或态度)

【Sample】

Why isn’t your newspaper reporting any good news？All I read about is murder, bribery(行贿)，and death. Frankly, I am sick of all the bad news.

This author’s attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to _____.(A)

A. complain

B. apologize

C. amuse

D. inform

【解题技巧】

1.注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子

2.推断出作者的弦外之音

3.站在作者的立场或角度

【描述作者态度的词】

objective; neutral; subjective; positive; negative; critical; pessimistic; optimistic; approving; disapproving; indifferent; ironic

【Practice】

（2010天津C）In the kitchen of my mother’s houses there has always been a wooden stand（木架）with a small notepad（记事本）and a hole for a pencil.

I’m looking for paper on which to note down the name of a book I am recommending to my mother. Over forty years since my earliest memories of the kitchen pad and pencil, five houses

later, the current paper and pen cil look the same as they always did. Surely it can’t be the same pencil? The pad is more modern, but the wooden stand is definitely the original one.

“I’m just amazed you still have the same stand for holding the pad and pencil after all these years.” I say to her, walking back into the living-room with a sheet of paper and the pencil. “You still use a pencil. Can’t you afford a pen?”

My mother replies a little sharply. “It works perfectly well. I’ve always kept the stand in the kitchen. I never knew when I might want to note down an idea, and I was always in the kitchen in these days.”

What is the author’s original opinion about the wooden stand? (B)

A. It has great value for the family.

B. It needs to be replaced by a better one.

C. It brings her back to her lonely childhood.

D. It should be passed on to the next generation.

In the author’s mind, her mother is __.(B)

A. strange in behavior.

B. keen on her research.

C. fond of collecting old things.

D. careless about her appearance.

3).How to infer the writing purpose(推断写作目的)

【Sample】

“Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave? Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?”asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh.“There is certainly a lot of energy in waves,”he said.

The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to ______(B)

A. test the readers’ knowledge about waves

B. draw the readers’ attention to the topic

C. show Jamie Taylor’s importance

D. invite the readers to answer them

【写作目的归纳】

to entertain readers 娱乐读者，让人发笑,常见于故事类的文章。

to persuade readers说服读者接受某种观点,常见于广告类的文章。

to inform readers 告知读者某些信息,多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类文章. 【Practice】

1.(2010湖南A)

L1PITOR

ABOUT LIPITOR

Lipitor is a prescription medicine. Along with diet and exercise，it lowers “bad'’ cholesterol(胆固醇)in your blood．It can also raise “good'’ cholesterol·

Lipitor can lower the risk of heart attack in patients with several common risk factors，

WHO IS LIPITOR FOR?

Who can take LIPITOR：

What is the main purpose of the passage?(D)

A. To teach patients ways for quick recovery.

B. To present a report on a scientific research.

C. To show the importance of a good lifestyle.

D. To give information about a kind of medicine.

2. (2010四川B)Boiler rooms are often dirty and steamy, but this one is clean and cool. Fox Point is a very new47-unit living building in South Bronx, one of the city’s poorest areas. Two-thirds of the people living there are formerly (以前) homeless people, whose rent is paid by the government. The rest are low-income families. The boiler room has special equipment, which produces energy for electricity and heat. It reuses heat that would otherwise be lost to the air, reducing carbon emissions(碳排放)while also cutting costs.

What is the purpose of describing the boiler room in the first paragraph?(C)

A. To explain the measures the city takes to care for poor people.

B. To suggest that affordable housing is possible in all areas.

C. To show how the environment-friendly building works.

D. To compare old and new boiler rooms.

4).How to infer the structure and organization(推断文脉关系)

【Question forms】

The next paragraph would most probably deal with _______

The paragraph preceding this one would most likely discuss ______.

【解题技巧】

推测下文的内容：推断下文要注意最后一段的内容。

推测上文的内容：关注第一段，特别是开始几句话。

【Practice】

(2010湖北B)In this article, I'll describe three no-win situations that commonly arise between teens and parents and then suggest some ways out of the trap. The first no-win situation is quarrels over unimportant things. Examples include the color of the teen’s hair, the cleanliness of the bedroom, the preferred style of clothing, the child's failure to eat a good breakfast before school, or his tendency to sleep until noon on the weekends. Second, blaming. The goal of a blaming battle is to make the other admit that his bad attitude is the reason why everything goes wrong. Third, n eeding to be right. It doesn’t matter what the topic is—politics, the laws of physics, or the proper way to break an egg—the point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong, for both wish to be considered an authority — someone who actually knows something —and therefore to command respect. Unfortunately, as long as parents and teens continue to assume that they know more than the other, they'll continue to fight these battles forever and never make any real progress.

What will the author most probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?(C)

A. Causes for the parent-teen conflicts.

B. Examples of the parent-teen war.

C. Solutions for the parent-teen problems.

D. Future of the parent-teen relationship.

【Question forms】

Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?

How is the passage organized?

【解题技巧】

按段落的组织方法理解文章结构或按写作方法（论证方法）理解文章结构。

【Practice】

(2005江苏E)The twentieth century saw greater changes than any century before: changes for the better, changes for the worse, changes that brought a lot of benefits to human beings, changes that put man in danger. Many things caused the changes, but, in my opinion, the most important was the progress in science.

Scientific research in physics and biology has vastly broadened our views. It has given us a deeper knowledge of the structure of matter and of the universe, it has brought us a better understanding of the nature of life and of its continuous development. Technology in the application of science has made big advances that have benefited us in nearly every part of life.

The continuation of such activities in the twenty-first century will result in even greater advantages to human beings: in pure science ---a wider and deeper knowledge in all fields of learning; in applied science--- a more reasonable sharing of material benefits, and better protection of the environment.

Sadly, however, there is another side to the picture. The creativity of science has been employed in doing damage to mankind．The application of science and technology to the development and production of weapons of mass destruction has created a real danger to the continued existence of the human race on this planet. We have seen this happen in the case of nuclear weapons. Although their actual use has so far occurred only in the Second World War, the number of nuclear weapons that were produced and made ready for use was so large that if the weapons had actually been used, the result could have been the ruin of the human race, as well as of many kinds of animals.

William Shakespeare said, "The web of our life is of a mingled yarn（纱线）, good and ill together. The above brief review of the application of only one part of human activities--- science seems to prove what Shakespeare said．But does it have to be so? Must the ill always go together with the good? Are we biologically programmed for war?

Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?（A）

Step Three: Conclusion

Let students have a discussion and draw a conclusion about what they should pay attention to while making inferences.

1.判断有据, 推论有理, 忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意。

2.全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考,得出片面结论。

3.善于揣摩作者思路，尽可能与作者的思路吻合。

4.不可直接选取文中的原句。

Give students some proverbs to encourage them.

Rome wasn't built in a day. Work harder and practice more. Your hard-work will be rewarded by god one day. God is equal to everyone!

Homework

阅读理解专项练习——推理判断型

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(完整word版)如何做高中英语阅读理解中的推理判断题教案.

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