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高中英语常见介词及介词短语

介词短语

1-1．in＋n.表示方式、在…方面

in cash用现金付款in width在宽度上in depth在深度上in detail详细地in size在大小上in height在高度上in length在长度上in English用英语

1-2．in＋n.表示状态

in anger生气地in power在台上执政in comfort舒适地in danger处于危险中in debt负债in delight高兴地in despair绝望地in need需要in order就绪

in peace平静地，平安地in prison在狱中in public公开地in rags穿着破烂in ruins成为废墟in secret秘密地in silence沉默着in space在太空中in surprise惊奇地in trouble处于困难中in use使用中in doubt不确定，拿不准in high spirits情绪高昂地

1-3．其他以in开头的介词短语

in need of需要in no case决不in no time立刻in no way决不in place of代替in possession of拥有，占有in addition to另外in charge of掌管……

in respect of关于in response to作为回应in return作为回报in spite of尽管in exchange for作为交换i n favor of支持，赞成in case of万一；如果；假如

in celebration of为庆祝……in consequence of由于……in contrast to与……相比in control of管理；控制；操纵in front of在……前面(外部)

in honor of为向……表示敬意in memory of为了纪念……in support of为支持……in the charge of在……的管理下in the direction of在……方向

in the face of面对……in the front of在……前面(内部)in the middle of在……中间

2-1．at＋n.表示状态

at a loss不知所措at peace处于和平中at war在战争中at work在工作

2-2．其他以at开头的介词短语

at the beginning of 在……的开始at the cost of 以……为代价at the end of 在……的尽头at the foot of 在……脚下at the mercy of 在……支配下；任由……摆布at the price of 以……的价格at the risk of 冒……的危险at the sight of 一看到……就……

3-1．on＋n.表示状态

on display陈列on exhibition在展出on fire着火on sale出售，打折on show在展出on the decrease在减少on the increase在增加o n the way在途中on holiday/vacation在度假on a trip/journey/tour在旅行on duty/guard在值班/站岗

3-2．其他以on开头的介词短语

on account of因为on behalf of代表on the basis of以……为基础on no account/condition决不

4-1．by＋n.表示方式

by accident偶然by air/plane乘飞机by chance偶然by coincidence碰巧by force用武力by hand用手工by mistake错误地by the day按天算

by nature天生地by radio通过收音机by weight/volume/size/number按重量/体积/大小/数量

5. 与out of搭配的常用短语

Out of date/time 过时、过期Out of question 毫无疑问Out of the question 没门、绝不可能Out of shape 变形

Out of fashion 不流行Out of order 出了故障Out of reach 遥不可及

6. 介词与形容词的常用搭配

（1）．be＋adj.＋about

be anxious about 忧虑……be careful about 小心……be curious about 对……好奇be particular about 对……讲究/挑剔

be sure about 对……有把握be worried/concerned about 对……担心

（2）．be＋adj.＋at

be angry at 对……生气be astonished at 对……吃惊be delighted at 因……而高兴be disappointed at对……失望be good at擅长……

be present at 出席……be skilled at 在……方面很熟练

（3）．be＋adj.＋in

be absorbed in专注于……be active in积极参加……be confident in对……有信心be dressed in穿着……be engaged in忙于……be experienced in在……方面有经验be expert in 擅长……be fit for 适合，胜任……be hungry for渴望……be late for迟到be prepared for为……做好准备be ready for准备好……

be sorry for 对……感到抱歉be thankful for 因……而感激be devoted to 致力于……be equal to等于……be fair to对……公平be familiar to对……来说熟悉

be friendly to 对……友好be good to 对……有好处be grateful to对……心存感激be harmful to对……有危害be kind to对……友好be known to为……所熟知be married to 与……结婚be opposed to 对……be opposite to与……对立be polite to对……有礼貌be rude to对……无礼be similar to与……相似

be/get used to (变得)习惯于……

（7）．be＋adj.＋of

be afraid of 害怕……be ashamed of 为……感到羞耻be aware of意识到……be capable of能够……be composed of 由……组成be fond of 喜欢……

be full of 充满……be proud of 因……而自豪be short of缺乏……be sure/certain of坚信，确信……be tired of 厌烦……be worthy of 值得……（8）．be＋adj.＋with

be angry with (sb.) 对(某人)发怒be busy with 忙于……be combined with 与……结合be concerned with与……有关；涉及，关心，关注

be connected with 与……有关be content with对……满意be covered with 被……覆盖be crowded with 充满……be familiar with 对……熟悉be filled with 充满……be patient with 对……有耐心be pleased with 对……感到满意be popular with 受……的欢迎be satisfied with对……满意7. 其他常用介词短语

according to根据along with随着together with连同because of因为but for要不是next to在……隔壁owing to因为up to直到；由……而定by means of 借助于

the key/answer/approach/entrance/visit to sth

Tips:

1. In 表示“在……时间之后”，必须满足两个条件。（1）所修饰的动词必须表过去或者现在将来（2）后面必须是一段时间。否则用after/ later.

My father will be back in three days.

My father will be back after 3 o’clock.

My father came back here after 3 days/ 3 days after/ 3 days later.

(2) 当时间名词前面被this, that, last, next, some, every, one…等词限定时，通常不用任何介词。

(3) For + 时间段，用与表示一个动作或行为状态持续了多久。

(4) 时间段+ ago/ before

2. with, by, in 译为“用”

①with用于有形的工具或身体某些器官之前，其后的名词多被冠词，物主代词等修饰。

They are digging with a spade.

We see with our eyes, hear with our ears and walk with our legs.

②by, in , on, over, through 等多用于无形的工具或方式手段之前。

By hand, in ink, on the telephone, over the radio, through the telescope…

③使用语言，原料，材料时用in

In English、in blue ink

3. with的主要含义有：(表示关系)和……一起；(表示状态)具有，带有；(表示伴随)随着；(表示方式)用……；凭借……；(表示原因)由于，因为

Would you like to go to the theater with me?

你愿意和我一起去剧院吗？

With time going by, they have grown into big boys and big girls.

随着时间的流逝，他们都长成大小伙子和大姑娘了。

4. against有“违背，违逆；反对；对……不利；倚；靠；碰撞；预防；衬托”之意。

Vacations help us perform better at work, improve our sleep quality and cushion us against depression

假期能帮助我们在工作中表现得更好，提高我们的睡眠质量和缓解忧愁。

5. beyond可表示“范围，限度”，意为“超出，为……所不及”。

常用短语：beyond words/description/

imagination/belief/one’s reach/one’s control“无法用语言形容、无法用语言描述、想象不出来、不能相信、够不着、管不了”。

“I came to thank you，”she said, surprising me beyond speech. “我是来感谢你的。”她说。(听到这)让我惊讶地说不出话来。

6. for有“就……而言；从……来看；达，计；为……”之意。

①The biggest concern for most of us is the quality of public education. 我们大多数人最关心的是大众教育的质量问题。

②She was really small for her age of 12. 就她12岁的年龄来说，她的身材真很小。

7. off有“在离……不远处；在沿海的海面”之意。

The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place off the main road at the far end of the lake. 威尔饭店坐落于湖尽头的主干道附近一个非常安静的地方。

8. on/upon有“刚……就；一……就”之意，后接名词或动词-ing形式。

Rose received a big hug from her mother on her stepping out of the train. 罗丝一下火车，她妈妈就给了她一个大大的拥抱。

9. within可表示范围、程度，意为“在……之内”。

The government was doing everything within its power to help the victims. 政府正尽其所能地帮助那些受害者。

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