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虚拟语气and倒装(知识点讲解加练习题、答案)

虚拟语气

1) 交叉时间虚拟：即主、从句不在同一时间，注意各自的时态。

2) 虚拟与非虚拟：即一句与事实相反，用虚拟；另一句与事实一致，用实际时态。

3) 虚拟中的倒装：如if从句中含should, had, were等，可将其置于句首，且省略if。

4) 介短、副词代替if从句：如without, but for, in the absence of (如果没有), or, otherwise 2. 表示建议、要求、劝告、命令类词+ 名从中的虚拟，从句动词:(should) do

适用词群：advise, ask, demand, desire, direct(指导，要求), insist, order, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest, urge等及其它们的名词、形容词、过去分词等，后跟

名从。

注意：当insist为“坚持已发生或存在的事实”，suggest为“暗示、表明”时，要用陈述语气，即实际时态。

3. wish等词+ 从句：从句时态向后退一格：即表示现在、将来用did / were / was; 表示过去用had done。

适用词群：wish, as if /though, If only(要……就好了), would rather, It is (about / high) time 等。

4. 情态动词+ have done 表虚拟：

should / ought to have done 本应该做（实际没做，含“责备”之意）

could / might have done 本可以做（实际未做）

needn’t have done 本没必要做(实际做了)

would like / love to have done

would rather have done 本来想要做某事(但未做)

had better have done

5. 句型：

1) If it were not for…, I would / should / might / could + do

“要不是……，我现在就……。”（对现在的虚拟）

If it had not been for…, I would / should / might / could + have done.

“要不是……，我当时就……。”（对过去的虚拟）

2) It is important / necessary / natural / strange …+ 从句

It is a shame / pity / no wonder…+ 从句.

以上从句谓语动词皆为：(should) do

3) had hoped / expected / intended / planned /…+ to do 本希望/ 打算做……(但未做成)

巩固练习：

1. ---If he ______, he ______ that food.

---Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.

A. was warned; would not take

B. had been warned; would not have taken

C. would be warned; had not taken

D. would have been warned; had not taken

2. ______ computer not be used tomorrow, it would take us a long time to do the job.

A. Should

B. Were

C. Had

D. May

3. The law requires that everyone ______ his car checked at least once a year.

A. has

B. have

C. will have

D. shall have

4. Their words suggested they ______ tired, and I suggest we ______ the further training.

A. are; put off

B. were; put off

C. had; put off

D. were; shall put off

5. He ______ you more help, even though he was very busy. He acted as if he ______ the boss.

A. should have given; were

B. might have given; had been

C. may have given; had been

D. may give; was

6. His proposal is that the machine ______ at once.

A. is stopped

B. would be stopped

C. be stopped

D. is being stopped

7. ---Where ______? ---I got stuck in the heavy traffic, or I ______ here earlier.

A. did you go; had arrived

B. were you; would come

C. are; was

D. have you been; would have been

8. Look at the trouble I am in! If only I ______ your advice.

A. followed

B.would follow

C. had followed

D. should follow

9. The doctor insisted that the patient ______ seriously ill and ______ operated on at once.

A. be; be

B. was; was

C. was; be

D. be; was

10. ---Have you visited the Great W all of China? ---No, but I wish I ______.

A. will

B. had

C. have

D. did

11. ---Shall I tell them the news? ---No, I would rather they ______ know it.

A. won’t

B. don’t

C. wouldn’t

D. didn’t

12. As you worked late yesterday, you ______ have come this morning.

A. needn’t

B. mayn’t

C. can’t

D. mustn’t

13. Isn’t it time that you ______ someone’s life ______ easier?

A. will make; a bit

B. made; a lot of

C. made; a bit

D. have; a little

14. --- I thought you were coming back from Shanghai next week.

--- Oh, I ______ to stay there for one more week, but I changed my mind.

A. would have intended

B. intend

C. had intended

D. have intended

15. --- Don’t you think it necessary that he ______ to Miami but to New Y ork?

--- I agree, but the problem is ______ he has refused to.

A. will not be sent; that

B. not be sent; that

C. should not be sent; what

D. should not send; what

16. I would love ______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.

A. to go

B. having gone

C. going

D. to have gone

17. --- How I want to have studied harder when I was in school.

--- If you had, you ______ work into late every day nowadays. Anyhow, better late than never.

A. don’t

B. wouldn’t

C. didn’t

D. won’t

18.Without your help, our team ______ the last match.

A. won’t win

B. will lose

C. wouldn’t have won

D. can’t have lose

19. If it were not for the fact that you ______ ill, I would ask you to do this right now.

A. were

B. was

C. are

D. be

20. Our geography teacher has never been abroad, but he often talks as if he ______ to many

countries. A. had been B. should have been C. would have been D. has been

虚拟语气：BABBACDCCBDACCBDBCCA

倒装

1. 完全倒装：即将谓语动词的全部置于主语之前。常见用法：

1) 当here, there, in, out, up, down, on 等副词置于句首，且主语为名词时；

2) 将表示地点、方位的介词短语置于句首；

3) 直接引语置于句首，其后的主语是名词时。

2. 部分倒装：即将谓语动词的一部分置于主语之前（如助动词be, do, have, will，

和情态动词may, can, must, should 等）。常见用法：

1) 否定词或词组，如neither, nor, never, nowhere, not, seldom, rarely, scarcely, barely, hardly,

no sooner, at no time, in no case, in no way, by no means, on no condition 等置于句首时；

2) so 表示“也”，neither/ nor表示“也不”；

so / such… that 表示“那样……以至于”置于句首时；

3) only + 状语/ 状从，置于句首时, 主句要部分倒装；

注意：当only + 主语置于句首时，则用正常语序。

4) not only … but also…引导两个分句时，not only 引导的分句要部分倒装；

5) not until + 状语/ 状从，“直到……才”，置于句首时，主句要部分倒装；

6) adj. / adv. / n. / v. / 分词+ as / though + 主语+ 谓语：引导让步状从，置于句首时；

7) 在虚拟语气的条件句中，如含should, had, were, 可将它们置于句首，且省略if；

8) 用于：May + 主语+ v. 结构中，表示“祝愿”；

9) 表示次数、频率的副词置于句首时(也可用正常语序)。

巩固练习：

1. Little ______ about his own health though he was very ill.

A. he cared

B. did he care

C.does he care

D. he cares

2. No sooner ______ asleep than she heard a knock at the door.

A. she ha d fallen

B. had she fallen

C. she had fell

D. had she fell

3. He did not see Smith, and ______.

A. neither di d I

B. nor d idn’t I

C. neither I did

D. so didn’t I

4. Not until I began to work ______ how much time I had wasted at school.

A. didn’t I realize

B. did I realize

C. I didn’t realize

D. I realized

5. So ______ that no fish can live in it.

A. the lake is shallow

B. shallow the lake is

C. shallow is the lake

D. is the lake shallow

6. “May God ______ with you,” said the priest.

A. is

B. are

C. will be

D. be

7. ______, I will try my best to master it.

A. However difficult computer science is

B. No matter how computer science is difficult

C. However computer science is difficult

D. No matter how difficult is computer science

8. Now ______ your turn to answer my question.

A. did come

B. has come

C. comes

D. are coming

9. I don’t think Jack will come today, ______.

A. nor will Mary

B. and so will Mary

C. Mary will either

D. nor Mary will

10. Such _______ the results of the experiments.

A. as be

B. are

C. was

D. is

11. On the wall ______ two large portraits.

A. are hanging

B. hanged

C. hang

D. hangs

12. Not only _______ interested in football but _______ beginning to show an interest in it.

A. the teacher himself is; all his students are

B. the teacher himself is; are all his students

C. is the teacher himself; are all his students

D. is the teacher himself; all his students are

13. ______ are the days when teachers were looked down upon.

A. Gone

B. Go

C. To go

D. Going

14. Only when you realize the importance of foreign language ______ them well.

A. you can learn

B. can you learn

C. you learned

D.did you learn

15. ______, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeti ng.

A. Strange as might it sound

B. As it might sound strange

C. As strange it might sound

D. Strange as it might sound

16. Hardly ______ into the office _______ the telephone rang.

A. does he go; than

B. did he go; when

C. has he gone; when

D. had he gone; when

17. I would have help you, ______ here yesterday.

A. were I

B. if I were

C. should I have been

D. had I been

18. ---Why can’t I smoke? ---At no time ______ in the meeting-room.

A. does smoking permit

B. is smoking permitted

C. smoking is permitted

D. permits smoking

19. On each side of the street ______ a lot of trees.

A. are grown

B. is standing

C. grow

D. stands

20. Up into the sky ______.

A. went the light blue smoke

B. does the light blue smoke

C. the light blue smoke went

D. go the light blue smoke

21. ______ we shall go on a picnic.

A. The weather is fine

B. Should the weather be fine

C. The weather be fine

D. Would the weather be fine

22. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once ______ with each other.

A. they had quarreled

B. they have quarreled

C. have they quarreled

D. had they quarreled

23. Only in this way ______ to make improvements in the operating system.

A. you can hope

B. you did hope

C. can you hope

D. did you hope

24. ---Y ou forgot your purse when you went out.

--- Good heavens, ______.

A. so did I

B. so I did

C. I did so

D. I so did

25. So difficult ______ it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English.

A. I have felt

B. have I felt

C. I did feel

D. did I feel

倒装：BBABCDACABCDABDDDBCABCCBD

倒装句之全部倒装

倒装句倒装句之全部倒装全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有： 1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。 There goes the bell. Then came the chairman. Here is your letter. 2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。 Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. Ahead sat an old woman. 注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。 Here he comes. Away they went. 倒装句之部分倒装部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。 1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。 Never have I seen such a performance. Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装。 I have never seen such a performance. The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.

2020年高考英语新题型写作技巧八强调倒装虚拟语气句型和丰富细节的手段

2020年高考英语写作新题型备考技巧专题（八）强调倒装虚拟句型+丰富文章细节的手段特殊句型是英语书面表达中的高级句式，其中强调句和倒装句是较为常见的特殊句型。而虚拟语气也是高中较难掌握的句型之一。它们的准确使用能够彰显考生的英语水平，提高写作档次。一．重点突出的强调句型（一）强调句的基本句式结构为：It is/was + 被强调部分+ that/who + 句子其他成分。它可以强调除谓语动词外的其它任何成分，如主语、宾语、状语等。在续写和概写中灵活运用强调句不仅能突出重点、增强表达，更能彰显考生的英语运用能力。 It is just the so-called inconvenience that displays the richness, delicacy and great fascination of Chinese culture with a history of thousands of years. (2019年浙江高考书面表达) 在写作中运用强调句型可以采取以下步骤： 1.在一个写好的句子中找出需要强调的成分，如主语、宾语、状语等； 2.根据句子的时态确定is或was； 3.然后把要强调的成分套进句式里，It is/was + 被强调部分+ that/who + 句子其他成分。例：We created a harmonious atmosphere with sincerity and faithfulness. 如果我们要强调状语，即with sincerity and faithfulness，在确定好时态was后，把需要强调的部分放在it was后，that后放除强调外的剩余成分便得到： It was with sincerity and faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere. （二）强调句常用句式 1. It is/was + 被强调的部分+ that/who + 句子其它成分 It is on the playground this Friday afternoon that a volleyball game will be held. (2019全国一卷书面表达) It was because of their help that a disaster was avoided. (2017年浙江高考书面表达) 2. Is/was it + 被强调的部分+ that/who + 句子其它成分 Was it in the park that the children saw the strange green objects? 3.特殊疑问词+ is/was it + 被强调的部分+ 句子其它成分 When was it that you made up your mind to work as a volunteer teacher? 4.It is/was not until that + 句子其它成分

虚拟语气和倒装

Subjunctive mood (1) Nevertheless, should a fight follow, neither creature will be badly hurt, for the loser will save himself by making a gesture of submission. (Line 5) (2) If it had not had this disability it would have undoubtedly stayed in the jungle and hunted for food in the customary way. (Line12) If the human population had not increased so rapidly, people would have had more space and freedom. (Line 23) (3) If the caged lion, for example, were free to wander on the grassy plains of Africa, it would be continually active, ranging over long distances, hunting in family groups. (Line 15) 此三类句子体现了虚拟语气的三种时态变化。（1）第1句中“should a fight follow”是表示将来情况的虚拟语气，意思为“if a fight should follow”，句中省略了“if”，将“should”提前，构成倒装，表示“万一，一旦”的意思。值得注意的是本句中的主句部分未使用虚拟语气。 (2) 第二部分这两句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。这类句子，从句用“had +动词过去分词”，主句用“would/should/could/might + have + 动词过去分词”。 (3) 第3句是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。从句用“did/were”，主句用“would/should/could/ might + 动词原型”。虚拟语气专项复习： A．虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况： if+主语+过去时+其他+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他例：If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。 If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。 If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱）If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：学习不用功）2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 if+主语+had done +其他+主语+should/would/could/might+have done+其他例：If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。 If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 3、表示对将来情况的主观推测 ①if+主语+did/should/were to do+sth.+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他 ② if+主语+did/be(were)+sth.+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他 ③if+主语+should+do+sth.+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他例：If he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。 If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 4、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作不是同时发生时， ①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如：If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了

英语中常见的倒装结构

英语中常见的倒装结构一、英语中构成疑问句（除对主语或主语之定语提问的特殊疑问句外），通常须使用倒装结构，这是语法结构的需要。例如： 1．When are we going to drink to your happiness? 我们什么时候喝你们的喜酒? 2．Have you seen the film? 你看了那部电影吗? 3．Have you anything like that? 在美国英语中常见：Do you have anything like that? 你有那样的东西吗? 二、以副词here，there，off，out，away等开头的句子，主要是表示感叹语气的句子，当其主语为名词时，通常要使用倒装。例如： 4. Here comes our teacher! 你们的老师来了！ 5．Away went the boy to the school! 那男孩子到学校里去了！ 6．Off goes the woman! 那个女人走了！

三、当构成关联从属连词so...that的so位于句首时，往往要使用倒装结构。例如： 7．So loudly did the students read that people could hear them out in the street．同学们大声读书，人们在街上都听得见（他们的读书声）。 8．So small were the words that he could hardly see them. 字那么小，他几乎看不见。四、以引导词there开头的句子，须使用倒装结构。例如： (A) 表示“……有……”之概念的“There＋ be ＋主语”结构： 9． There are three books on the desk．桌上有三本书。 10．There were something in the box. 箱子里有东西。 (B) 用于正式文体，特别是文学作品中的 "there＋不及物动词十主语" 结构，当主语不明确而又是一个很长的名词短语时，往往使用这种结构： 11．There entered a strange little man. 走进来一个奇怪而身材又矮小的人。 12. Once there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. 从前，海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。在叙述性和描绘性的书面语中，这种结构若带有地点状语，而且把这种状语放在句首时，可以用省略there的倒装结构。如：

倒装句,定语从句,虚拟语气练习题解析

倒装句练习 1. So fast_______ that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed. A. light travel B. does light travel C. travels light D. has light travelled 2.That scientist isn’t too happy with the project, and______________. A. so are her supervisors B. either are her supervisors C. neither are her supervisors D. so her supervisors are 3.______ the door than somebody started knocking on it. A. I had closed no sooner B. I had no sooner closed C. No sooner have I closed D. No sooner I closed 4.Is this beautiful? Yes, it is. ________. A. Rarely before have I seen this B. Rarely I have seen this before

C. Rarely have I seen before this D. Rarely have I seen this before 5._____but he also proved himself a good athlete. A. He showed himself not only a good student B. Not only did he show himself a good student C. He showed not only himself a good student D. Not only he showed himself a good student 6.Nowhere else along the coast____ such shallow water so far from land. A. is there B. there is C. it is D. is 7._____did we try to persuade her to give up her plan. A. In failure B. With no result C. In vain D. With no end 8.______I couldn’t lift the box. A. As I might try

虚拟语气及倒装Word版

环球雅思教育学科教师讲义讲义编号： ______________ 副校长/组长签字：签字日期：【考纲说明】虚拟语气和倒装的考察一般出现在单选和完成句子中，需要学会应用基本句型。【知识梳理】虚拟语气一、语气英语中的语气分为三类：陈述语气（用于陈述句、疑问句、感叹句）祈使语气（用于祈使句）虚拟语气（用于条件状语从句、宾语从句等）二、虚拟语气如果所说的不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、建议或是一种实现不了的空想，就用虚拟语气。三、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法 1、真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句 Eg：If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus.( 真实条件状语) ：If I were you, I would go at once.（非真实条件状语从句）：If there was no air, people would die.（非真实条件状语从句） 2、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法及动词形式

①表示与现在事实相反的情况 If I were you, I’d take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。 If I had any money with me, I could lend you some.如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。 ②表示与过去事实相反的情况 Eg：If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。 If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话） ③表示对将来情况的主观推测（可能相反或可能性很小） Eg：If he would come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him.如果他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小） If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating.如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了.（事实：不知能否下雪）四、虚拟语气的其他用法 1、虚拟语气用在wish 后的宾语从句 a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式 eg: I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实：我根本比不上你) b、表示过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had+v-ed eg: I wish I had known the truth of the matter.我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。 c、表示将来难以实现的愿望, 谓语动词：should/would + 动词原形. eg: I wish I should have a chance again.很难再有这样的机会了。（ 2、虚拟语气用在suggest(建议)、insist(坚持)、demand(要求)、order(命令)等动词后的宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词都用：“should + 动词原形”或只用“动词原形”。如 He suggested/ insisted/ordered/demandthat we (should) take the teacher’s advice. 倒装一．倒装句之全部倒装全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有： 1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。 There goes the bell. Then came the chairman. Here is your letter. 2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。 Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. Ahead sat an old woman. 注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。 Here he comes. Away they went. 二．倒装句之部分倒装

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虚拟语气及倒装

虚拟语气一、基础巩固虚拟语气基本形式 1. 2. 3. 4. It's high time that

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A. turned B. turn C. had turned D. would turn 4. If only you __________ him what I said! Everything would have been all right. A. didn't told B. hadn't told C. would not tell D. would have not told 5. He must have had an accident, or he_______ here then. A. would have been B. had been C. should have been D. could be 6. Much labour would have been saved if the electronic computers_______ before. A. had invented B. were invented C. should have been invented D. had been invented 7. _______ cease advertising, prices would be significantly reduced. A. Were they to B. Could they C. If they D. Would they 8. Five minutes earlier, and we ________ the last bus. A. had caught B. should have caught C. could have caught D. caught

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