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数控维修专业英语复习资料

Unit 1 MECHATRONICS

●Section I Dialogue

- Could you tell me something about “mechatronics” [,mek?'tr?niks]？

-你能告诉我一些关于“机电一体化”的东西吗?

-Sure. Mechatronics is a term for the integration [,inti'ɡrei??n] of mechanical [mi'k?nik?l] and electronic engineering [,end?i'ni?ri?].

-当然可以。机电一体化是一个综合了机械和电子工程的术语。

- It sounds like a new concept ['k?nsept].

-这听起来像是一个新概念。

-I don?t think so. In fact, mechatronics was coined by the Japanese 40 years ago and has been widely used in the world for many years. And mechatronic devices [di'vais] have become common on our society.

-我不这么认为。事实上,日本40年前提出机电一体化的概念,并且已经在世界范围内广泛使用多年。在我们的社会，机电设备变的很普遍。

-You mean mechatronic devices have crept into our everyday life?

-你的意思是机电一体化设备已经悄悄进入我们的日常生活？

-Right. Don?t you notice that the devices such a s photocopiers [,f?ut?u'k?pi?]，computer disk drives, robots ['r?ub?t] and clothes dryers being used in our daily ['deili] life?

-对的。你没注意到在我们的日常生活中，复印机、计算机磁盘驱动器、机器人和衣服烘干机这些设备的使用吗?

-I?ve got it.I didn?t know they were mechatronic devices before.

我明白了，我以前并不知道他们是机电设备。

●Section II Reading

Getting a Hold on Mechatronics

了解机电一体化

Mechatronics is a blend [blend] of mechanics [mi'k?niks] and electronics.

机电一体化是机械学和电子学的结合。

It has come to mean the synergistic [,sin?'d?istik] use of mechanical engineering, control

theory['θi?ri], computer science, and sensor and actuator ['?ktjueit?] technology to design improved products and processes ['pr?uses].

意味着机械工程、控制理论、计算机科学、传感器和执行机构技术的综合应用，以设计出更好的产品和工艺。

The standard ['st?nd?d] clothes dryer is typically ['tipik?li] controlled by a mechanical timer. 标准控制干衣机是典型的通过机械定时器控制。

The user adjusts the timer according to the size and dampness of the load.

用户根据负荷的大小和湿度调整定时器。

If the timing device is not set properly ['pr?p?li], the drying cycle may be too short and the laundry ['l?:ndri] may come out wet, or the machine could run long and waste energy ['en?d?i].如果计时装置设置不合适，干燥周期可能太短，洗出来的衣服是潮湿的，或机器可能运行长，浪费能源。

A clothes dryer, however, might be fitted with a sensor-based feedback system that lets the machine measure the moisture ['m?ist??] content ['k?ntent] of the fabrics ['f?brik] or the exhaust [i ɡ'z?:st] air, and turn itself off when the load is dry.

然而,一个干衣机可能装有基于传感器的反馈系统,让这台机器测量衣物或排气含水率,然后当衣物干

燥时自动关闭。

Operating performance [p?'f?:m?ns] is enhanced and energy use is lowered as a result.

因此，操作性能提高并且能源使用降低。

The redesigned [,ri:di'zain] dryer might even be cheaper to buy, depending on the cost of the components [k?m'p?un?nt] that comprise [k?m'praiz] the electromechanical [i,lektr?umi'k?nik?l] control system.

重新设计的干衣机甚至可能更便宜,这取决于包含机电控制系统组成的成本。

Section III Words and Expressions

dialogue n. 对话vi. 对话[di- 二次、二倍（bi-）log- 言词论述]

mechanic [mi'k?nik] n.技工机械式

mechanical [mi'k?nik?l] adj. 机械的；力学的；呆板的；无意识的；手工操作的~engineer mechatronics [,mek?'tr?niks]n. 机电一体化；机械电子学

electromechanical [i,lektr?umi'k?nik?l] adj. [电][机] 电动机械的，[机] 机电的电机学的electron [i'lektr?n] n. 电子

electronic [,ilek'tr?nik] adj. 电子的

electronics [,ilek'tr?niks] n. 电子学；电子工业

electronical [i,lek'tr?nikl] adj. 电子的

term [t?:m] n. 术语；学期；期限；条款

integration [,inti'ɡrei??n] n. 集成；综合

integrate ['intiɡreit] vt. 使…完整；使…成整体

engineering [,end?i'ni?ri?] n. 工程，工程学

engineer [,end?i'ni?] n. 工程师

coin [k?in] n. 硬币，钱币vt. 铸造（货币）；杜撰，创造

devices n. 设备；装置；器件（device的复数）

photocopier [,f?ut?u'k?pi?] n. 影印机；复印机

robot ['r?ub?t, -b?t, 'r?b?t]n. 机器人；遥控设备，自动机械；机械般工作的人

robotics [r?u'b?tiks] n. 机器人学（robotic的复数）

synergistic [,sin?'d?istik] adj. 协同的；协作的syn- [sin] pref. 类似；连；同时；相同

actuator ['?ktjueit?] n. [自] 执行机构；激励者；促动器

actuate ['?ktjueit, -t?u-] vt. 开动（机器等）；促使，驱使；激励（人等）act 行动行为dampness ['d?mpnis] n. 潮湿；湿气

damp [d?mp] n. 潮湿，湿气adj. 潮湿的vt. 使潮湿vi.变潮湿

moisture ['m?ist??]n. 水分；湿度；潮湿；降雨量

moist [m?ist] n. 潮湿adj. 潮湿的；多雨的；含泪的

Unit 2 SENSORS

●Section I Dialogue

J: May I ask you some questions about sensors?

M: Sure. Go ahead, please.

J: What is a sensor?

M: As far as I know, a sensor is a device for discovering the presence ['prez?ns] of a small amount of light, heat, sound, etc [et'set?r?].

据我所知, 传感器是一种可以发现少量的光、热、声音等存在的装置。

J: How does it work?

M: It usually converts [k?n'v?:t] what it discovers to an electrical [i'lektrik?l] signal.

它通常将它的发现转换为一个电信号。

J: It is said that there are many types of sensors available today. But how to select a right sensor? 据说, 现在有很多类型的感应器。但如何选择一个正确的传感器?

M: You need to know the type of motion ['m?u??n], precision [pri'si??n] of motion, magnitude ['m?ɡnitju:d] of motion and operating conditions[k?n'di??n].

你需要知道运动的类型，运动的精度，运动的量级和操作环境。

J: Thank you for so much information. I?ve really learned a lot from your words.

谢谢你这么多的信息。我从你的话里真的学到很多。

M: That?s my pleasure.

●Section II Reading

Application [,?pli'kei??n] of Sensors

传感器的应用

Look at the following pictures and try to understand the application of sensors.

看看下面的图片,并尝试了解传感器的应用。

Industrial [in'd?stri?l] Sensors industry 工业产业

工业传感器ICBC(Industrial and Commercial Bank of China) Proximity [pr?k'simiti]

接近

-Mechanical

-机械的

-Optical ['?ptik?l]adj. 光学的；眼睛的，视觉的

-光学的

-Inductive [in'd?ktiv] /Capacitive [k?'p?sitiv]inductance [in'd?kt?ns] n. 电感

-电感的/电容的capacitance [k?'p?sit?ns] n.电容

Position/Velocity [vi'l?s?ti]

位置/速度

-Potentiometer [p?u,ten?i'?mit?] potentio-电位-meter [mi:t?] comb.form “计”“仪”“表”-电位计potential [p?u'ten??l] n. 潜能；可能性；[电] 电势

-LVDT(liner variable-differential['vε?ri?bl-,dif?'ren??l] transformer)

-线性可变差动变压器transformer [tr?ns'f?:m?] n. [电] 变压器变形金刚

-Encoder [en'k?ud?] encode [en'k?ud]vt. [计] 编码，译码

-编码器en- pref. 使处于…境地code [k?ud]n. 代码，密码vt. 编码

-Tachogenerator ['t?k?'d?en?reit?]tacho ['t?k?u] n. 转速计；转速器

-测速发电机generator ['d?en?reit?] n. 发电机；发生器；生产者Force/Pressure ['pre??]

力/压力

Vibration [vai'brei??n]/Acceleration [?k,sel?'rei??n]vibrate [vai'breit] vi. 振动；颤动

振动/加速度accelerate [?k'sel?reit] vi. 加速

Example Applications

应用实例

-Car wash application

洗车装置

-Paper roll thickness monitor thick [θik] adj. 厚的；浓的-ness [nis] suf. [常附于形容-滚筒纸厚度检测词后面构成抽象名词]表示“性质”,“状态”,“程度”

-Waste water flow volume volume ['v?lju:m] n. 量；体积；卷；音量；大量；册

-废水流量volumetric [,v?lju'metrik] adj. [物] 体积的；[物] 容积的Inductive and capacitive proximity sensors

电感式和电容式接近传感器

-Inductive sensors use change in local magnetic [m?ɡ'netik] field to detect presence of metal target -电感式传感器利用局部磁场变化检测金属目标的存在

-Capacitive sensors use change in local capacitive caused by non-metallic objects

-电容传感器利用非金属物体引起局部电容的变化

-Generally short ranges only

-通常只适用于短距离

-Regarded as very robust [r?u'b?st] and reliable

-被视为非常耐用和可靠

Example Inductive Sensors

电感式传感器实例

-Detection of open/close functions

-打开/关闭功能的检测

-Detection of rotation

-旋转的检测

-Detect presence of objet without contact

-检测无接触物体的存在

-Range 3mm +/- 10%

-范围3mm+/- 10% (plus or minus ['main?s] 10%)

Section III Words and Expressions

convert [k?n'v?:t] vt. 使转变；转换…；使…改变信仰vi. 转变皈依；改变信仰n. 皈依者converter [k?n'v?:t?] n. [电] 变流器，整流器；转化器

conver n. 转换

convers 匡威

motion ['m?u??n] n. 动作；移动；手势；请求；意向vi. 运动；打手势vt. 运动；向…打手势precision [pri'si??n] n. 精度，[数] 精密度；精确adj. 精密的，精确的

magnitude ['m?ɡnitju:d] n. 大小；量级；[地震] 震级；重要；光度

magnetic [m?ɡ'netik] adj. 地磁的；有磁性的；有吸引力的

magnet ['m?ɡnit] n. 磁铁；[电磁] 磁体；磁石

robust [r?u'b?st, 'r?ub?st] adj. 强健的；健康的；坚固的；耐用的ROBUST:乐百氏

Unit 3 STEPPER MOTOR

●Section I Dialogue

J: Do you have any idea about stepper motors?

M: Yes. Stepper motors are special direct-current (DC) motors.

是的。步进电机是一种特殊的直流电机。

J: Oh, I see. But what?s the use of stepper motors?

噢,我明白了。不过步进电机有哪些应用呢?

M: Stepper motors can be applied [?'plaid] where you need to control rotation angle ['??ɡl], speed, position and synchronism['si?kr?niz?m].

步进电机可以应用在你需要控制旋转角度、速度、位置和同步的场合。

J: That is to say, a stepper motor can be a good choice whenever controlled movement is required.这就是说,每当需要运动控制，步进电机是一个不错的选择。

M: That?s right. Actually, one of its most significant [sig'nifik?nt] uses is its ability to be accurately ['?kjuritli] controlled in an open loop system.

没错。实际上,它最重要的用途之一是能够在开环系统中准确地控制。

J: Oh, I understand. It?s very kind of you to tell me so much.

M: My pleasure.

●Section II Reading

Stepper Motor

步进电机

Stepper motors are special motors that are used when motion and position have to be precisely

[pri'saisli] controlled.步进电机是一种特殊的电动机,它用于精确的控制运动和位置。

It translates current pulse[p?ls] into motor rotation and every times receives a digital['did?it?l] pulse it rotates a number of degrees in rotation.

它将电流脉冲转化成电机旋转,每次收到一个数字脉冲,依次旋转一定的角度。

The main advantage of stepper motors is that they can achieve accurate position control without the requirement for position feedback.

步进电机的最大的优势是无需要求位置反馈就能实现精确的位置控制。

In other words, they can run “open loop”, which significantly [sig'nif?k?ntli] reduces the cost of a position control system.

换句话说,它们能够”开环”运行,这显著地降低了位置控制系统的成本。

Stepper motors are commonly used on measurement and control applications.

步进电机常用于测量和控制应用。

Sample applications include ink jet printers (the paper feed and print head drivers), CNC machines (controlled motion and accurate positioning) and volumetric [,v?lju'metrik] pumps.

举例说明，（步进电机的）应用包括喷墨打印机(送纸和打印头驱动),数控机床(精确控制位移)和容积计量泵。

And today stepper motors also can be found in computer peripherals [p?'rif?r?ls], machine tools, medical ['medik?l] equipment [i'kwipm?nt], automotive [,?:t?u'm?utiv] devices, small business machines and so an.

现在,在计算机外围设备、机床、医疗设备、车载设备、小型商业机器上也会发现步进电机（的应用）。

●Section III Words and Expressions

current ['k?r?nt] n. （水，气，电）流；趋势；涌流adj. 现在的；流通的，通用的direct current [电] 直流；[电] 直流电DC

alternating current ['?:lt?neiti?] [电] 交流电AC

angle ['??ɡl] n. 角度，角

angel ['eind??l] n. 天使；守护神

synchronism ['si?kr?niz?m] n. 同时发生，同步性syn- [sin]pref. 类似；同时；相同sync [si?k] n. 同步，同时vt. 使同步vi. 同时发生

synch [si?k] n. 同时，同步

synchron [si?k] n.同步

synchronic [si?'kr?nik, sin-] adj. 不考虑历史上变化的；限于一时的；同步的significant [sig'nifik?nt] n. 象征；有意义的事物adj. 重大的；有意义的；意味深长的significantly [sig'nif?k?ntli] adv. 意味深长地；值得注目地

accurately ['?kjuritli] adv. 精确地，准确地

accurate ['?kjur?t] adj. 精确的

open loop [自] 开环开路

closed loop 闭环，闭合环路

semi-closed loop 半闭环semi- ['sem(a)i-] pref. 半；部分

conductor [k?n'd?kt?] n. 导体

insulator ['insjuleit?, 'ins?-] n. [物] 绝缘体Ins. 绝缘等级

semiconductor [,semik?n'd?kt?] n. 半导体

digital ['did?it?l] adj. 数字的；手指的n. 数字；键

analog ['?n?l?ɡ] n. [自] 模拟；类似物adj. [自] 模拟的；有长短针的

in rotation 轮流地；交替地；依次

measurement ['me??m?nt] n. 测量；[计量] 度量；尺寸；量度制

peripherals [p?'rif?r?ls] n. 周边设备；外围设备；电脑外设

Unit 4 COMPUTER NUMERICAL CONTROL

●Section I Dialogue

-Excuse me, Mary. I feel quite confused about the difference between numerical [nju:'merik?l] control (NC) and computer numerical control (CNC). Could you explain it to me?

-打扰一下,玛丽。我觉得很困惑数控(NC)和计算机数控(CNC) 之间的差异。你能给我解释一下吗?

-Well, numerical control is a method of operating a manufacturing [,m?nju'f?kt??ri?] machine based on a code of letters, numbers, and special characters automatically [,?:t?'m?tik?li].

-好的，数控是基于字符、数字和特殊符号组成的代码来控制加工设备自动运行的一种技术。

-Oh, I see. Then what is CNC?

-Good question. When numerical control is performed under computer supervision, it is called computer numerical control.

-问得好。当数字控制在计算机的管理下进行，它被称为计算机数控。

-You mean computers are the control units of CNC machines.

-你的意思计算机是数控机床的控制单元。

-Yes, you are right.

-Thank you for your explanation[,ekspl?'nei??n].

-My pleasure.

●Section II Reading

●Section III Words and Expressions

manufacturing [,m?nju'f?kt??ri?] adj. 制造的；制造业的n. 制造业，工业v. 制造；生产manufacture [,m?nju'f?kt??] n. 制造；产品；制造业vt. 制造；加工；捏造vi. 制造

manu- ['ma:nu:] pref. 手，人工

facture ['f?kt??] n. 制作；发票；制作法

character ['k?r?kt?] n. 性格，品质；特性；角色；[计] 字符vt. 印，刻；使具有特征

auto- ['?:t?u] pref. 自动；自己；汽车

maticn n.电气自动方式

automatically [,?:t?'m?tik?li] adv. 自动地；机械地；无意识地

automatical adj. 自动的

supervision [,sju:p?'vi??n] n. 监督，管理

super- ['sju:p?] pref. 在之上；超级的

vision ['vi??n] n. 视力；美景；眼力；幻象；想象力vt. 想象；显现；梦见

fortune ['f?:t??n, -t?u:n] n. 财富；命运；运气；财富杂志vt. 给予财富vi. 偶然发生网络释义conventional [k?n'ven??n?l] adj. 符合习俗的，传统的；常见的；惯例的

convention [k?n'ven??n] n. 大会；[法] 惯例；[计] 约定；[法] 协定；习俗

multiple ['m?ltipl] adj. 多重的；多样的；许多的

mult- [m?lt] comb.form [用于元音字母前]表示：多,多倍(=multi-) multi-axis 多轴的

setup ['set?p] n. 设置；机构；组织；调整；计划；装备

simultaneous [,sim?l'teini?s] adj. 同时的；联立的；同时发生的

simul ['sim?l] adv. 同时，一起（处方用语，等于together）

incorporate [in'k?:p?reit, in'k?:p?r?t] vt. 包含，吸收vi. 合并；混合adj. 合并的；一体化的corporate ['k?:p?rit] adj. 法人的；共同的，全体的；社团的

corporation [,k?:p?'rei??n] n. 公司；法人（团体）；社团；大腹便便；市政当局

assurance [?'?u?r?ns] n. 保证；保险；确信；断言

insurance [in'?u?r?ns] n. 保险；保险费；保险契约；赔偿金

surance 保险

spot-check ['sp?t,t?ek] vt. 做抽样调查vi. 抽查

unusual [,?n'ju:?u?l] adj. 不寻常的；与众不同的；不平常的

usual ['ju:?u?l] adj. 通常的，惯例的；平常的

usually ['ju:?u?li] adv. 通常，经常

un- [?n] pref. 用于形容词之前，表示不；加于动词前，表做出相反的动作；加于名词前，表由取出

Unit 5 CNC Machines

●Section I Dialogue

Let?s talk about some application of CNC.

让我们来谈谈计算机数控的一些应用。

CNC is being used on all types of machine tools, from the simplest to the most complex.

计算机数控（被）使用于各种机床,从最简单最复杂的。

Yeah, you are right. Nowadays the most common machine tools are the single-spindle ['spindl] drilling machine, lathe, milling machine, turning center and machining center.

是的,你是对的。如今最常见的机床有单轴钻床、车床、铣床、车削中心、加工中心。

But what types of machining centers are there?

但是加工中心有哪些类型？

There are two main types: the horizontal['h?ri'z?nt?l] spindle and the vertical['v?:tik?l] spindle machine. 加工中心主要有两种：卧式主轴加工中心和立式主轴加工中心。

Would you please tell me some details about the horizontal spindle type?

请你告诉我一些有关卧式主轴加工中心的细节?

The travelling-column ['k?l?m]（移动立柱）type is equipped with over or usually two tables（工作台）on which the workpiece ['w?:kpi:s]（工件）can be mounted（安装）while the fixed-column（固定立柱）type is equipped with a pallet（托盘）shuttle（滑台）['??tl].

移动立柱型配备有两个或两个以上的工作台，其上面可以固定加工件，而固定立柱型则配备有一个托盘式滑动工作台。

I see. Thanks.

●Section II Reading

Types of CNC Machines

数控机床的类型

CNC has touched almost every aspect ['?spekt] of manufacturing.

计算机数控几乎已经触及制造业的每一方面。

Many machining processes have been improved through the use of CNC.

通过使用数控许多加工过程中已得到改进。

Machining center and turning centers are two typical types of CNC machine.

加工中心和车削中心是数控机床两个典型的类型。

Machining centers are the latest development in CNC technology and are also the popular types of CNC machine tools used today.

加工中心是数控技术最新的发展，也是当今使用的数控机床的通用类型。

At a single setup, machining centers can perform such operations as all kinds of milling (face milling, contour milling, slot milling, etc.), drilling, tapping['t?pi?], reaming['ri:mi?], boring, and counterboring ['kaunt?,b?:].

加工中心只需要一次装卡就可以完成各种铣削（面铣、轮廓铣、铣槽）、钻孔、攻螺纹、铰孔、镗孔和扩孔等。

In similar fashion, CNC turning centers are capable ['keip?bl] of executing ['eksikju:t] many different types of lathe cutting operations (like facing, boring, turning, grooving, knurling, and threading) simultaneously [saim?l'teini?sli] on rotating part.

类似的，数控车削中心能够在转动的同时实现多种不同的车削操作（比如车端面，钻、镗孔，车削，切槽，滚花，车螺纹）。

In addition [?'di??n] to machining centers and turning centers, CNC technology has also been applied to many other types of manufacturing equipments such as wire electrical discharge machines (wire EDM) and laser cutting machines.

除了加工中心和车削中心，计算机数控技术也应用与很多其它类型的制造设备，比如电火花线切割机床和激光切割机床。

●Section III Words and Expressions

horizontal ['h?ri'z?nt?l] adj. 水平的；地平线的；同一阶层的n. 水平线，水平面；水平位置

vertical ['v?:tik?l] adj. 垂直的，直立的n. 垂直线，垂直面

column ['k?l?m] n. 纵队，列；专栏；圆柱，柱形物

workpiece ['w?:kpi:s] n. 工件；轧件；工件壁厚

pallet ['p?lit] n. 托盘，货板；简陋小床；调色板

shuttle ['??tl] n. 滑台航天飞机；穿梭；梭子vt. 使穿梭般来回移动vi. 穿梭往返

aspect ['?spekt] n. 方面；方向；形势；外貌

contour ['k?ntu?] n. 轮廓；等高线；周线；电路；概要vt. 画轮廓；画等高线

bore [b?:] n. 孔；令人讨厌的人vt. 钻孔；使烦扰vi. 钻孔

counterbore ['kaunt?,b?:] n. 埋头孔，扩孔

slot [sl?t] n. 位置；狭槽；水沟；硬币投币口vt. 跟踪；开槽于

groove [ɡru:v] vt. 开槽于vi. 形成沟槽

knurl [n?:l] n. 隆起；节，瘤；硬节压纹滚花

tap [t?p] 攻丝vt. 轻敲；轻打；装上嘴子vi. 轻拍；轻击；轻叩n. 水龙头；轻打

ream [ri:m] n. 令（纸张的计数单位）；大量vt. 榨取（果汁等）；扩展；铰孔

thread [θred] n. 线；螺纹vt. 穿过；穿线于；使交织vi. 通过；穿透过

discharge [dis't?ɑ:d?] vt. 解雇；卸下；放出；免除n. 排放；卸货；解雇vi. 排放；卸货，放电charge [t?ɑ:d?] n. 费用；电荷；掌管；命令vt. 使充电；使承担vi. 充电；控告；索价；

dis- [dis] pref. 表示不；表示否定、相反或相对；表示分离、夺去

●Section IV Technical Terms

single-spindle drilling machine

turning center

machining center

milling machine

travelling-column

fixed-column

wire electrical discharge machines (wire EDM)

laser cutting machines

Unit 6 The Components of CNC Machine

●Section I Dialogue

It is said that CNC machine is very popular nowadays, but I?m still strange to it. Could you please tell me something about it?

据说数控机床是现在非常流行,但是我对机床还是不了解。你能告诉我一些关于它的事吗?

A CNC machine is an NC machine with additional features of an on-board computer.

计算机数控机床是具有安装在机床上的计算机的附加功能的数控机床。

Oh, I see. But what is an on-board computer?

哦，我明白了。但是什么是安装在机床上的电脑?

The on-board computer refers to the machine control unit (MCU).

安装在机床上的电脑指的是指机床控制单元(MCU)。

You mean the control unit of NC machine.

你的意思是数控机床的控制单元。

Not exactly. There are some differences between them. The control unit of NC machine is usually hard wired. However, the on-board computer is soft wired.

不完全是这样，它们之间有一些区别。数控机床控制单元通常是硬件连接，而安装在机床上的电脑是软件连接。

With the computer, there must be some programs.

同时计算机上必须有一些程序。

You?re really smart. With CNC program entered, the computer can operate the machine automatically. 你真聪明。随着数控程序的输入，计算机就可以自动操作机床。

●Section II Reading

The Components of CNC Machine

数控机床的组成

CNC machine tools are complex assemblies. However, in general, any CNC machine tool consists of the following units: computer, control system, drive motor and tool changer.

数控机床是复杂的装配。然而，在一般来情况下，任何数控机床包含以下单元：计算机、控制系统、驱动电机和换刀装置。

Computer controls data. If there is a minicomputer programming, say, a radius, the computer will calculate all the points on the tool path.

计算机控制数据。如果有一个微型计算机编程，比如说（知道）一个半径，计算机将计算刀具路径上所有点的坐标值。

The CNC control system activates the appropriate machine functions, causes axis motion, and in general, follows the instructions given in the program. The drives motor controls the machine slide movement on CNC equipment.

数控系统激活相应的机床功能，使轴运动，并在一般情况下，执行程序的指示。驱动电机控制数控机床上设备的滑动。

Tool changer is set on most machines and allows multiple tools to be quickly changed.

大多数机床装有换刀系统设置，并且允许多个工具迅速改变。

For a universal style, CNC lathe, for example, is composed of bed, headstock and spindle, chuck, turret construction, tailstock and computer system.

数控车床一般的类型，举例来说，是由床身、主轴箱、主轴、卡盘、转塔刀架、尾座和计算机系统组成。

●Section III Words and Expressions

additional [?'di??n?l] adj. 附加的，额外的

add – addit – addition

on-board ['?n'b?:d, '?:n-] adj. 在船上的；在车上的；在飞机上的；装在数控机床上的broad [br?:d] n. 宽阔部分adj. 宽的，辽阔的；显著的；大概的adv. 宽阔地abroad [?'br?:d] n. 海外；异国adj. 往国外的adv. 在国外；到海外

a- [?] pref. 处于...状态或过程中；在…之上；朝着；用于加强语气

activate ['?ktiveit]vt. 刺激；使活动vi. 激活；有活力

appropriate [?'pr?uprieit] adj. 适当的vt. 占用；拨出

universal [,ju:ni'v?:s?l] adj. 普遍的；通用的；宇宙的；全世界的n. 一般概念；普通性Universal:环球| 环球公司| 环球唱片

headstock ['hedst?k] n. 主轴承主轴箱

chuck [t??k] vt. 丢弃，抛掷；驱逐；轻拍n. [机] 卡盘；抚弄；赶走；咯咯声

turret ['t?rit, 't?:-, 'tu?-] n. 炮塔；角楼；小塔；攻城用仰冲车转塔刀架

tailstock ['teilst?k] n. （车床的可调整或可滑动的）[机] 尾座

●Section IV Technical Terms

on-board

machine control unit

hard wire

soft wire

drive motor

tool changer

tool path

Unit 7 CNC Programming

●Section I Dialogue

It is believed that conversational programming and CAM system programming are very popular in recent years.

据说对话式编程和CAM系统编程近年非常流行。

Yes, but nowadays CAM system programming us more popular because CAM systems can program different kinds of machines with the same basic language while conversational controls can only generate part programs for a single machine.

是的，但现在CAM系统编程更受欢迎，因为CAM系统能够用相同的基本语言编写多种机床程序，而对话式只能产生为一台机床编写部分程序。

Why not use manual programming at present?

现在为什么不使用手工编程呢?

Using a computer to prepare part programs can improve efficiency and accuracy.

用电脑做编写部分程序就可以提高效率和准确性。

In your opinion, it isn?t necessary for us to know manual programming.

在你看来,我们一定必须掌握手工编程。

Not exactly. Successful use of computerized programming requires understanding of manual programming method.

不完全是这样。成功地使用计算机编程需要了解手工编程的方法。

That is to say, knowing manual programming well - really understanding it - will be the key to master the power of CAM software.

也就是说，掌握手工编程，真正了解它，是精通CAM软件的关键。

Completely right. You?re really a quick learner.

完全正确，你真聪明。

●Section II Reading

Methods for CNC Programming

数控编程方法

There are three methods of developing CNC programs: manual programming, conversational programming, and CAM system programming.

有三种方法开发（编写）CNC程序:手工编程、对话式编程和CAM编程。

Manual Programming

手工编程

Manual programming tends to be somewhat boring. Admittedly, the words and commands involved with manual programming can be somewhat cryptic. However, all CNC programmers should have a good understanding of manual programming techniques regardless of whether or not they are used.手工编程往往是有点枯燥。无可否认的（诚然），使用手工编程的单词和指令可能有些含糊。但是,所有的数控程序员应该有熟练的掌握手工编程技术，无论他们是否使用。

Conversational Programming

对话编程

This form of programming has become quite popular in recent years. With conversational programming, the program is created at the CNC machine. The programmer will be able to visually check whether various inputs are correct or not as the program is created. When finished, most conversational controls will even show the programmer a tool path plot of what will happen during the machining cycle.

这种形式的编程近年来已经非常流行。对话编程的程序在数控机床上创建。程序员可以直观的检查各种输入程序正确与否。完成后，对话控制甚至能够给程序员演示在加工循环时的刀具路径图。

CAM System Programming

CAM系统编程

CAM systems allow CNC programming to be accomplished at a much higher level than manual programming and are becoming very popular. Generally speaking, a CAM system helps the programmer in three major areas. It keeps the programmer from having to do math calculations, makes it easy to program different kinds of machines with the same basic language, and helps with basic machining practice functions.

CAM系统数控编程比手工编程的完成水平更高，正变的非常受欢迎。一般来说，CAM系统能在三个主要方面帮助程序员。它使程序员不必做数学计算，容易使用相同的基本语言编写不同种类的机床程序，并帮助基本加工实践功能。

●Section III Words and Expressions

conversational [,k?nv?'sei??n?l] adj. 对话的；健谈的

conver – conversation - conversational

efficiency [i'fi??nsi] n. 效率；效能；功效

accuracy ['?kjur?si] n. [数] 精确度，准确性

accurate ['?kjur?t] adj. 精确的

manual ['m?nju?l] adj. 手工的；体力的n. 手册，指南

operation manual 操作手册

computerized [k?m'pju:t?raizd] adj. 电脑的；电脑化的；用电脑处理的

master ['mɑ:st?, 'm?st?] vt. 控制；精通；征服n. 硕士；主人；大师；教师adj. 主人的；主要的；admittedly [?d'mitidli] adv. 公认地；无可否认地；明白地

involved [in'v?lvd] v. 涉及；使参与；包含（involve的过去式和过去分词）

involve [in'v?lv] vt. 包含；牵涉；使陷于；潜心于

cryptic ['kriptik] adj. 神秘的，含义模糊的

somewhat ['s?mhw?t, -hw?t] adv. 有点；多少；几分；稍微n. 几分；某物

plot [pl?t] n. 情节；图；阴谋vi. 密谋；策划；绘制vt. 密谋；绘图；划分；标绘

accomplish [?'k?mpli?, ?'k?m-] vt. 完成；实现；达到

●Section IV Technical Terms

Conversational programming

CAM system programming

Manual programming

Tool path plot

Unit 8 Servo System

●Section I Dialogue

Do you have any idea about servo systems?

Yes, I have some idea about it. The most common servo control systems in use are the open loop and the closed-loop systems.

是的,我知道一些。最常用的伺服控制系统是开环和闭环系统。

Oh, I see. Well, what?s the difference between them?

An open loop system utilizes stepping motors to create machine movements while a closed loop system uses servo motors to execute machine movements.

开环系统采用步进电机执行机床运动，而闭环系统采用伺服电机执行机床运动。

Could you tell me more about open loop systems?

Yes, of course. Open loop systems have recently gained renewed interest for CNC applications.

好的,可以。近来，开环系统在CNC的应用中重新引起了大家的兴趣。

Thank you very much for your help.

My pleasure.

●Section II Reading

Servo System

伺服系统

There are two main systems in use today for controlling CNC machine movements: the open loop servo system and the closed loop servo system.

如今数控机床使用的运动控制的主要系统有两种：开环伺服系统和闭环伺服系统。

In open loop servo systems, once the motion is translated from servo drives to the machine tool slides, no information is fed back to monitor the slide positioning. Stepping motors are usually used as servo drives in open loop servo system. Open loop servo systems are generally used for systems where the accuracy is limited.

在开环伺服系统中，当伺服系统驱动机床滑动时，不会产生反馈信息的监控滑动定位。步进电动机通常在开环系统中作为伺服电机。开环伺服系统通常用于精度要求不高的系统中。

In addition to the elements of an open loop servo system if a measuring device is also introduced to the system to measure the instantaneous position of the tool from an origin, the system is called a closed loop servo system. Closed loop systems are widely used in NC system due to the increased reliability and accuracy.

除了开环伺服系统的要素以外，如果测量设备还采用了从原点来测量机床的瞬时位置，系统就被称为闭环伺服系统。由于提高了可靠性和准确性，闭环系统被广泛应用于数控系统。

●Section III Words and Expressions

utilize ['ju:tilaiz] vt. 利用、运用、应用

renew [ri'nju:] vt. 使更新；续借；复兴；重申vi. 更新；重新开始

element ['elim?nt] n. 元素；要素；原理；成分；自然环境

instantaneous [,inst?n'teinj?s] adj. 瞬间的；即时的；猝发的

instantaneous:瞬时的| 瞬间的| 同时发生的

origin ['?rid?in, '?:-] n. 起源；原点；出身；开端

Oriental [,?:ri'ent?l; ,?u-] n. 东方人adj. 东方人的；东方的

New Oriental

New Channel

reliability [ri,lai?'bil?ti] n. 可靠性可靠性可靠度信度reliable [ri'lai?bl] n. 可靠的人adj. 可靠的；可信赖的

Section IV Technical Terms

Servo system

Servo motor

Servo drive

Open loop system

Closed loop system

Semi-closed loop system

Unit 9 Use of CAD

●Section I Dialogue

Welcome to our CAD lab. Now we are having drawing class.

欢迎你到我们的CAD实验室，现在我们正有绘图班。

Can your students draw the geometry of a work-piece on a computer?

你的学生能在计算机上画工件的几何形状吗？

Yes, let?s see how to make a part drawing with CAD software.

是的,让我们来看看如何用CAD软件绘制零件图。

Excellent! The students create the design model by applying graphics commands stored on the computer.

太棒了！学生通过应用存储在计算机上的图形命令创造设计模型。

Look, the students have complete freedom to zoom and view the model at different orientations and then represent the design as a set of points, lines, arcs, and so on by using basic CAD software. Actually, graphics editing commands allow for easy modifications as required.

看，学生们可以随意缩放和查看模型不同的方向，使用基本的CAD软件设计点、线、弧等。实际上，图形编辑命令允许根据需要方便的修改。

I am impressed by your students? skills and your teaching.

学生的技能和你的教学，给我留下了深刻的印象。

I hope we can visit your school and communicate with your staff before long.

我希望过不了多久，能够访问你的学校，并与您的员工进行沟通。

No problem.

Thank you very much for your time.

You are welcome.

●Section II Reading

Use of CAD

CAD的使用

CAD is a technique of using a computer to create, modify, and refine a design.

CAD是一种使用计算机技术来创建（生成），修改和完善（精化）设计的技术。

It, normally used in engineering departments, has greatly changed these departments.

它通常在工程部门使用，极大地改变了这些部门。

Drawings used to be made on paper with pencil or pen and drawing instruments.

制图过去常用铅笔或钢笔以及绘图仪器在纸上完成。

The drawings were very time-intensive to produce.

制作图纸是非常耗费时间。

They were then copied, and the copies were sent to the floor for production.

然后，它们被复制、副本被发送到生产车间。

The originals were stored in large drawers.

原件都储存在大抽屉里。

Even a small job shop could have thousands of large blueprints on file.

即使是很小的加工车间可能有成千上万的大图纸文件。

If changes were necessary, the engineer would get the original out of the file drawer, make the changers, copy it, and send the new print to the floor.

如果需要修改，工程师拿到抽屉里的原始文档进行修改、复制，并发送新的图纸到车间。

Nowadays the computer can eliminate the need for all the physical storage of prints.

如今，计算机可以消除所有物理存储图纸的需要。

The computer also allows for rapid and easy modifications.

计算机也允许快速和容易的修改（图纸）。

The engineer or designer first draws the part on the screen.

工程师或设计师首先在屏幕上绘制零件。

This part drawing is the actual part geometry.

零件图实际上是它的几何形状。

The sizes and locations are all correct so that the information can be used later to create a program to machine the part.

这些尺寸和位置都是准确的，这样这些信息随后可以被用来编制加工该零件的程序。

●Section III Words and Expressions

excellent ['eks?l?nt] adj. 卓越的；极好的；杰出的

graphics ['ɡr?fiks] n. [测] 制图学；制图法；图表算法

orientation [,?:rien'tei??n, ?u-] n. 方向；定向；适应；情况介绍；向东方

oriental [,?:ri'ent?l, ,?u-] n. 东方人

represent [,repri'zent] vt. 代表；表现；描绘；回忆；再赠送vi. 代表；提出异议

modification [,m?difi'kei??n] n. 修改，修正；改变

modify ['m?difai] vt. 修改，修饰；更改

refine [ri'fain] vt. 精炼，提纯；改善；使文雅

intensive [in'tensiv] adj. 加强的；集中的；透彻的；加强语气的

time-intensive 密集的耗时的

original [?'rid??n?l]adj. 原始的；最初的；独创的；新颖的n. 原件；原作；原物；原型

blueprint ['blu:prints] n. 蓝图；模板v. 绘的蓝图

eliminate [i'limineit] vt. 消除；排除

modification [,m?difi'kei??n] n. 修改，修正；改变

geometry [d?i'?mitri] n. 几何学

●Section IV Technical Terms

Graphics editing commend 图形编辑指令

Drawing instrument 绘图仪器

Part drawing 零件图

Unit 10 AutoCAD

●Section I Dialogue

Would you please tell me how to create a new drawing with AutoCAD?

请告诉我如何用AutoCAD创建一个新的绘图吗?

No problem. Open your AutoCAD window.

没有问题。打开你的AutoCAD的窗口。

Here it opens.

打开了。

Firstly, choose New from the File menu.

首先，从“文件”菜单中选择“新建”。

Yes, here comes the dialogue box.

是的，弹出了对话框。

Secondly, choose Start from Scratch.

其次，从“草图”中选择“开始”。。

How about the next step?

下一步该怎么办?

Take it easy. Under Select Default Setting select English or Metric, and then choose OK.

别紧张。在选择默认设置选择英制或公制，然后选择确定。

The drawing opens with the default AutoCAD settings.

打开绘图AutoCAD的默认设置。

You?re really a quick learner. Finally choose Save As from the File menu and enter a file name. Then you can save the drawing.

你真聪明。最后选择从文件菜单中的“另存为”，并输入一个文件名，然后你可以保存绘图。

●Section II Reading

AutoCAD Interface

AutoCAD的界面

AutoCAD is a Computer Aided Design (CAD) program used by just about every engineering and design office in the world. When you start AutoCAD, the AutoCAD window will open. The window is actually your design work space.

AutoCAD是一个计算机辅助设计程序，用于世界上几乎所有的工程和设计办公室。当你启动AutoCAD，AutoCAD的窗口将打开。窗户实际上是你的设计工作空间。

The AutoCAD interface has several different components, each of which provide different information of command options for the user. This diagram labels the most vital parts of the interface.

组成AutoCAD界面的组成不同，但每个组成都可以为用户提供不同的指令选择信息。下图列出了最重要的组成部分。

●Section III Words and Expressions

metric ['metrik] n. 度量标准adj. 公制的；米制的；公尺的

diagram ['dai?gr?m] n. 图表；图解vt. 用图解法表示

label ['leibl] v. 贴标签于；n. 标签；分类

vital ['vait?l] adj. 至关重要的；生死攸关的；有活力的

interface ['int?feis] n. 界面；接口；接触面

redraw [,ri:'dr?:] vt. 重画

undo [,?n'du:] vt. 取消；解开；破坏；扰乱vi. 撤消

property ['pr?p?ti] n. 性质，性能；财产；所有权

linetype n. 线型

lineweight n. 线宽线型宽度线宽线宽

access ['?kses, '?ks?s, ?k'ses] n. 进入；使用权；通路vt. 使用；存取；接近crosshairs ['kr?sh??z] n. 十字准线；瞄准器

cursor ['k?:s?] n. 光标；指针（计算尺的）[计] 游标，指针

icon ['aik?n] n. 图标；偶像；肖像，画像；圣像

tab [t?b] n. 标签；制表；帐单vt. 给贴标签

layout ['leiaut] n. 布局；设计；安排；陈列

layers ['lei?s] n. 图层面板，图层集合（layer复数形式）；层面板

Section IV Technical Terms

Dialogue box 对话框

Default setting 默认设置

Menu bar 菜单栏

Toolbar 工具栏

Drawing area 绘图区

Coordinate system 坐标系

Model tab 模型空间

Layout tab 布局空间

Status bar 状态栏

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1.zippe拉链 2.zig-zag stitch z形线迹 3.zig-zag lockstitch 人字平缝 4.yoke育克 5.yarn 纱线 6.yardage码数 7.X-back后背宽 8.wrinkle起皱 9.wrap-seam包缝缝型 10.woven label织标 11.woven fabric机织物 12.worsted精纺的 13.workmanship 手工 14.working shirt工作服15.woolen羊毛的 16.wool羊毛 17.WIP半成品 18.weft-knitting纬编 19.weft 纬纱 20.waterproof防水 21.water streak 水痕 22.water spots水渍 23.warp-knitting经编 24.warp float经向挑花，浮经 25.warp 经纱 26.warehouse仓库 27.wardrobe衣柜 28.waist-tag 吊牌 29.waistline腰围线 30.waistcoat 背心，马甲 31.waistband腰头 32.waist tag腰卡 33.waist 腰围 34.viscose 黏胶纤维 35.vertical measurement 垂直测量 36.vent衩位 37.vendor供应商 38.upper arm上臂围 39.unit price单价 40.uneven plaids格仔不均匀 41.uneven hem边脚不齐 42.underwear内衣 43.under-pressing中烫

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bar graph n.条形图 equalization n.均衡化;均等 image contrast n.图像对比度 addition n.加 subtraction n.减 lapse v.流逝, 失效, 下降 time-lapsed (时间上)相继的 matrix n.矩阵 motion n.运动, 动作v.运动 dimension n.维数 convolution n.回旋, 盘旋, 卷积boundary n.边界, 分界线 blur v.涂污, 污损, 使……模糊, sharp adj.锐利的, 锋利的, 明显的 locate v.定位, 位于 spectra n.范围, 光谱 spectrum n.光谱, 频谱 phase spectrum相位频谱 magnitude spectrum幅度频谱 facsimile n. 传真,摹写,影印 lossless compression（压缩）无损压缩lossy compression 有损压缩irretrievably adv.不能挽回地, 不能补救地CT (computed tomography) 计算机断层造影 MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging ) 核磁共振成像 DCT (discrete cosine transform)离散余弦变换 run-length encoding行程编码 Huffman encoding霍夫曼编码 Image contrast图像对比度Edge filter边缘滤波Edge detection边缘检测Object recognition目标识别 Run-length encoding行程编码Huffman encoding哈夫曼编码Pixel 像素 Gray scale image 灰度图像Gray scale level灰度级Histogram 直方图 Bar graph条形图Histogram equalization直方图均衡encryption program 加密程序deletion command 删除命令authorized user 授权的用户backup copy 备份的副本voltage surge 电涌，浪涌电压circuit breaker 断路器 electronic component 电子器件 data-entry error 数据输入错误electronic break-in 电路中断 power line 电力线，输电线EC:Electronic Commerce 电子商务Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)电子数据交换 Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT)电子资金转账 embedded system 嵌入式系统 radio frequency 射频 schematic原理图 capture记录,输入 building block模块,构件 EDA (Electronic Design Automation)电子设计自动化 HDL: Hardware Description Language 硬件描述语言 Full-custom IC（全定制集成电路）

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