专四真题常考的语法进行总结

比较结构comparative Construction英语中比较结构最主要有三种as…as… 结构

more…than… 结构the most…结构

1.as…as…结构基本模式as+adj/adv 原级as…否定形式not as/so+adj/adv 原级as…

也可用less…than… E.g John is as bright as Bob.否定John is not as bright as Bob. John is less bright than Bob.

用法1.主语不同比较项目相同。This parcel is as heavy as that one.

2.主语相同比较项目不同。The girl was as brilliant as she was beautiful.这姑娘既漂亮又

聪明。

3.主语和比较项目都不同。The swimming pool isn’t twice as wide as that one is long.倍

数as adj/adv as.另一种模式as much/many n as…否定形式not as/so much/many n as…

He took as much butter as he need. He didn’t take as/so much butter as he needed.2 She has written as many essays as her brother does. She hasn’t written as many essays as her brother does. 变体形式as adj原级名词词组as…

注意下列句子的语序

A. George is as efficient a worker as Jack.名词的意义受到强调or George is a worker who is as efficient as Jack. 形容词的意义受到强调

B. I don’t want as expensive a car asthis.

2. more …than…结构

用法：

1.用于在两个人或物之间作同一方面的比较。The concert was more enjoyable than lecture.

2.用于同一个人或物的本身作不同方面的比较。The present crisis is much more a political than an economic crisis. 当前的危机与其说是经济危机不如说是政治危机。此用法也可用于less…than…结构但得出相反的含义。The present crisis is much less a political than an economic crisis.当前的危机与其说是政治危机不如说是经济危机。

3.theadj/adv最高级比较范围比较级形式表示最高级意义时比较对象的范围应用any other 单数名词the other 复数名词the others anyone/anything else上述词是用来将比较级结构转变成最高级意义的关键词语切不可遗漏否则会造成逻辑混乱的错误。

※补充说明1 not so…as not so much …as London is n’t so big as Tokyo.伦敦没有东京大。It wasn’t so much his appearance I liked as his personality.与其说我喜欢他的外表不如说我喜欢他的为人。前一例相当于一般的比较结构后一例相当于less…than 的含义。

not so much as是一个专四常考结构。

真题举例

1. It is no so much the language as the background that makes the book difficult to understand.99.45/07.57

2. That trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn’t bothered by his loudness so much as by his lack of talent.04.42

not more/-er than 与no more/-er thanJohn is not better than Tom. 否定前者肯定后者John is nobetter than Tom.对前后者都否定

真题举例Over population pose a terrible threat to human race. Yet it is probably not more a threat than environmental destruction.07.62

no more …than not…any more than两者一样都不

A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.鲸不是鱼如同马不是鱼一样。

Fat cannot change into muscle any more than muscle changes into fat.99.44脂肪不能变成肌肉就

如同肌肉不能变成脂肪一样。

the more…the more…与more and more/ the more...the more…表示两个过程中同时递增是主从结构。more and more 只表示一个过程的不断增长。

如…the wilder the range of our life and the more various the contacts we have

“of a n” 的比较级“of a n”相当于一个形容词表示具有后面那个名词的性质若该名词为可数名词名词之前要加不定冠词。它的比较级也要用more来修饰。

如He is more of a doctor. 他更像个医生。该结构也可以用于同级比较结构中。

如He is as of an athlete as she. 他和她一样具备运动员的素质。

虚拟语气

主从句谓语动词的时态掌握主从句谓语动词的规范搭配:主句从句与现在事实相反, 与过去事实相反, 与将来事实相反

1.Would you have been surprised if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know before hand 04年与过去事实相反

2.All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there hadn’t been quite such a crowd people there.00年与过去事实相反

3.If your car should need any attention during the first 12 monthstake it to an authorized dealer. 98年

区分主从句表示的不同时间概念主从句谓语动词所指时间不同这叫做错综时间条件句动词形式应根据实际情况来调整。

主句与现在事实相反从句与过去事实相反

Had it not been for the timely investment from the general public our company would not be so thriving as it is.

主句与现在事实相反从句与过去事实相反

Had Paul received six more votes in the last election he would be our chairman now.

识别事实和假设混合句

Your maths instructor would have been happy to give you a make-up examination had you gone and explained that your parents were ill at the time. 句子前半部分为假设情况,而“父母病了”是事实.

I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible but I was fully occupied the whole of last week.前半部分为假设后半部分是事实

名词性从句的虚拟形式名词性从句是指宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

从句的谓语动词需用should动词原形表示虚拟。

下列动词做谓语时that宾语从句中的动词用虚拟形式desire advise recommend command direct orderask demand request require insist maintain move propose prefer urge vote。如In the past men generally preferred that their wives work in the home.I move that he be discharged for his serious mistake.

下列形容词和分词做表语或补语时that主语从句中动词用虚拟形式advisable desirable insistent preferable urgent appropriate compulsory crucial essential imperative importantnecessary obligatory possible probable proper vital advised arranged commanded demanded desired ordered proposed recommended requested required suggested

真题举例

1.It is absolutely essential that William continue his study in spite of some learning

difficulties.07.65

2.It is imperativethat the government attractmore investment into the shipbuilding industry.06.59

3.The opening ceremony is great occasion. It is essential for us to be preparedfor that. 0

4.62

下列名词接同位语从句或表语从句时从句中动词用虚拟形式insistence preference recommendation suggestion proposal motion desire requirement request order necessity importance regulation rule resolution understanding。

如John Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it beanalyzed in a religious as well as worldly frame of reference.

含蓄虚拟条件句的谓语动词形式含蓄虚拟语气是指假设条件不通过if从句表达而是暗含在其他结构中。

连词but but that or or else副词otherwise unfortunately等表示转折假设。

如A safety analysis would have identifiedthe target as a potential danger. Unfortunately it was never done.Victor obviously doesn’t know what’s happened otherwise he wouldn’t havemade such a stupid remark.

介词短语暗含假设条件常用的有without but for under more favorable conditions等。

真题举例

But foryour timely advice I would never have known how to go about the work.94年intended/meant/hoped/wished/plann或was/were 不定式完成式或hadintended/meant/planned/hoped/wished不定式一般式暗示虚拟语气。

如I intended to have called on you but I was busy at that time.

情态动词完成式暗示虚拟语气。

如I should have called to make an airline reservation but I didn’t.

常用虚拟形式的句型

从句中动词用过去式或过去完成式表示虚拟的句型would rather…would as soon as…though…suppose…had rather…would sooner…as if…supposing…If only…It is high time that…

从句中动词只用过去式It’s high time we stopped cutting down the rainforests.06.54

If it were not for… 与现在事实相反

If it had not been for… 与过去事实相反相当于but for。

如If it had not been for his help but for his help we would not have succeeded.

If only…谓语动词视情况选用适当的形式。

如If only the committee would approvethe regulations and putthem into effect as soon as possible. 真题举例

If only the patient had receiveda different treatment instead of using antibiotics he might still be alive now. 07.54

If only I could playthe guitar as well as you 06年

lest/for fear that/in case 从句谓语用should动词原形。

如The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.

whether…or…有时谓语用be的原形引导让步虚拟从句这种用法经常采用倒装结构。

如Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions be they Christian Islamic Buddhist Jewish and so on.

The business of each day be it selling goods or shipping them went quite smoothly.

三时态语态需要掌握的要点1.表达将来时的形式在时间、条件、让步从句中一般现在时代替

将来时但要注意区别从句的类型

如I’ll tell him when you will ring again. 我告诉他你什么时候再来电话。

宾语从句比较I’ll tell him when you ring again.你再打电话时我告诉他。

状语从句在make sure/ make certain /see to it 后的that从句中谓语动词用一般现在时代替将来时

如See toit that you includein the paper whatever questions they didn’t know the answer to last time.include 不能用will include或其他形式

完成时是时态测试的重点注意与完成时连用的句型和时间状语by/between/up to/till 过去时间、since、by the time/when 表示过去发生情况的从句主句用过去完成时。

如We had just had our breakfast when an old man came to the door.

Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed had been produced. （1919年已发生的情况）

by 将来时间、by the time/ when 谓语动词是一般现在时的从句主句用将来完成时。

如By the time you arrive in London we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks.

I hope her health will have improved greatly by the time we come back next year.

by now、since 过去时间、in/during/for/over/the past/last few或具体数字years/days/months主句用现在完成时但在it is 具体时间since/before这一句型中主句更多的时候不用完成时。如The changes that had taken place in air travel during the last sixty years would have seemed completely impossible to even the most brilliant scientists at the turn of the 19th century.

It is four years since John left school.

在It is the 序数词/形容词最高级that的定语从句中谓语动词常用现在完成时。

如It isn’t the first time that I have found myself in an embarrassing situation.

在no sooner…than… hardly/scarcely…when…句型中主句常用过去完成时。

完成进行时指动作在完成时的基础上还要继续下去。

真题举例

1.Jack has been missingfrom home for two days now and I am beginning to worry about his safety.03.42

2.For some time now world leader have been pointingout the necessity for agreement on arms reduction.02.43

时态语态先根据选项的区别点确定考题要点为时态然后回到题句中寻找给出的或暗示

的时间状语缩小选择范围进而选出正确答案

根据谓语动词与句子主语或非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系确定句子是主动语态还是被动语态。

真题举例

1.Linda was to have started the experiment a month ago but she changed her mind at the last minute.07.55【将来完成时】

2.James has just arrived but I didn?6?8t know he was coming until yesterday.05年【过去进行时】

3.I have been and always will be conscious of my moral obligations as a citizen.05年

注意比较结构中相比较的内容在语法形式上是否相同。

如It is better to die on one’s feet than to live on one’s knees.

Despite the temporary difficulties the manager prefers increasing the output to decreasing it.

其他具有并列或比较意义的短语。rather than /let …alone 虽不是并列连词但在结构上连接两个语法形式相同的成分。

真题举例：

1. We are taught that a business letter should be written in a formal style rather than in a personal style.

2. For the new country to survive let alone for its people to enjoy prosperity new economic policies will be required.

如果平行的两个成分在形式上是介词短语而且介词相同一般说来第二个介词不要省略。

如At times more care goes into the composition of newspaper and magazine advertisements than into the writing of the features and editorials.

非谓语动词一不定式

不定式做主语引导逻辑主语的介词不定式的逻辑主语一般由介词for引导但下列表示人的性格行为特征的形容词做表语时不定式的逻辑主语则由of引导absurd bold brave courageous careful careless clever wise foolish silly stupid good nice kind thoughtful considerate greedy generous honest modest polite rude cruel selfish lazy wicked wrong。

真题举例：

Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to stay healthy.

It’s clever of youto have invented such a device.

不定式做主语补足语掌握常用不定式做主语补足语的句型。注意不定式表示的动作发生的时间并采用相应形式。如besaid / reported / thought / believed / known / supposed to do sth.

真题举例：

The Minister of France is believed to bethinking of imposing new taxes to raise extra revenue.04年

Professor Johnson is said to have made some significant advance in his research in the past year.99年

不定式做宾语--接不定式做宾语的动词afford arrange attempt claim desire determine expect fail guarantee endeavor intend pledge pretend resolve request swear tend venture。

如Even though the children pretended to beasleep the nurses were not deceived when they came into the room.

不定式做定语--被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next last only not a the very等限定词时该名词用不定式做定语。

In 1938 Pear S. Buck became the first American woman to receivethe Nobel Prize for Literature. 如果其动词要求不定式做宾语相应的名词一般用不定式做定语。

如tendency to do→tend to do decision to do→decide to do This b ook is an attempt to help you use English and recognize how it is used.

如果其形容词形式要求接不定式做补语相应的名词一般用不定式做定语。ambition to do “干……的雄心”→be ambitious to do“有雄心干……”curiosity to do“对……的好奇心”→be curious to do“对……好奇”ability to do“做……的能力”→able to do“有能力做……”According to Darwin random changes that enhance a species’ ability to surviveare naturally selected and passed on to succeeding generation.

表示方式、原因、时间、机会、权利等名词用不定式做定语way /method /reason /time /place/ chance /occasion /opportunity /evidence/ power /right /movement /drive/ effort等。

如I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time to catch the last bus.

We appreciate your efforts to bring about a comprehensive solution to the existing problem.

不定代词something nothing little much a lot习惯上用不定式做定语。

如Though we have made great progress there is still much to be improved.

不定式做状语不定式做状语主要表示目的、程度、结果、方式。in order to do /so as to do结构引导目的状语so as to不能置于句首。

so…as to /such…as to /enough…to /too…to结构做程度状语。

如The solution works only for couples who are self-employed don’t have small children and get along well enough to spend most of their time together.

The vocabulary and grammatical differences between British and American English are so trivial and few as hardly to be noticed.

不定式做结果状语只能出现在句子的末尾表示不愉快的结果有时用only加强语气。常见的不定式动词有find hear see be told form give make produce等。

真题举例：

The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighbouring country only to be captured by the police each time.99年

not/never too… to /too… not to/ but only too…to /too ready/eager/inclined to表示肯定意义。

如I am only too pleased to hearfrom you further. 能再听到你的消息我太高兴了。

(完整版)历年专四真题语法归类

i 一、谓语动词63. In his plays Shakespeare _____ his characters live through their language. （2008）A. would make B. had made C. made D. makes 58.The committee has anticipated the problems that ____in the road construction project. （2007）A. arise B. will arise ?C. arose D. have arisen 59.The student said there were a few points in the essay he ____impossible to comprehend. (2006)A. had found B. finds C. has found D. would find （2007） 60.He would have finished his college education, but he______ to quit and find a job to support his family. （2007）A. had had B. has C. had D. would have 54. James has just arrived, but I didn’t know he _________ until yesterday.(2005) A. will come B. was coming C. had been coming D. came 55. _________ conscious of my moral obligations as a citizen. (2005) A. I was and always will be B. I have to be and always will be C. I had been and always will be D. I have been and always will be 56.Jack __ from home for two days now, and I am beginning to worry about his safety. 2003 A. has been missing B. has been missed C. had been missing D. was missed 2. For some time now, world leaders ___out the necessity for agreement on arms reduction. 2002a. had been pointing b. have been pointing c. were pointing d. pointed 二、非谓语动词： 非谓语动词 – 分词 逻辑主语与从句中动词的主动与被动的关系。 64. ______ at in his way, the situation doesn't seem so desperate. （2007） A. Looking B. Looked C. Being looked D. To look 55.If not ______ with the respect he feels due to him, Jack gets very ill-tempered and grumbles all the time. (2004)A. being treated B. treated C. be treated D. having been treated not counting = not including 不算 （视为固定用法） 63.There are only ten apples left in the baskets, ______ the spoilt ones. (2006)A. not counting B. not to count C. don't count D. having not counted 65. "The man preparing the documents is the firm’s lawyer" has all the following possible meanings EXCEPT(2009) A. the man who has prepared the documents... B. the man who has been preparing the documents... C. the man who is preparing the documents... D. the man who will prepare the documents... 非谓语动词 – 动名词

英语专四真题及答案解析汇总

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英语专业四级考试词汇语法真题及解析

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完整版专四英语语法考点教学内容

完整版专四英语语法 考点

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