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2015年宁波大学研究生入学考试《英语翻译基础》真题及答案

2015年宁波大学研究生入学考试

《英语翻译基础》真题

(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)

一、英汉互译

1.The lives of most men are determined by their environment. They accept the circumstances amid which fate has thrown them not only with resignation but even with good will. They are like streetcars running contentedly on their rails and they despise the sprightly flivver(廉价小汽车)that dashes in and out of the traffic and speeds so jauntily across the open country. I respect them; they are good citizens , good husbands, and good fathers, and of course somebody has to pay the taxes; but I do not find them exciting.

I am fascinated by the men, few enough in all conscience, who take life in their own hands and seem to mould it to their own liking. It may be that we have no such thing as free will, but at all events we have the illusion of it. At a cross-road it does seem to us that we might go either to the right or the left and, the choice once made, it is difficult to see that the whole course of the world's history obliged us to take the turning we did.I never met a more interesting man than Mayhew. He wasa lawyer in Detroit. He was an able and a successful one. By the time he was thirty-five he had a large and a lucrative practice, he had amassed a competence, and he stood on the threshold of a distinguished career. He had an acute brain, an attractive personality, and uprightness. There was no reason why he should not become, financially or politically , a power in the land. One evening he was sitting in his club with a group of friends and they were perhaps a little worse(or the better)for liquor. One of them had recently come from Italy and he told them of a house he had seen at Capri, a house on the hill, overlooking the Bay of Naples, with a large and shady garden. He described to them the beauty of the most beautiful island in the Mediterranean.(40%)

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正确答案：( 对于大多数人来说，生活是由环境决定的。他们在命运的拨弄面前，不仅逆来顺受，甚至还能随遇而安。这些人犹如街上的有轨电车，满足于在自己的轨道上运行；而对于那些不时出没于车水马龙间和欢快地奔驰在旷野上的廉价小汽车却不屑一顾。我尊重这些人；他们是守法的公民、尽职的丈夫、慈祥的父亲。当然，总得有人缴纳种种税款；可是，我并不觉得他们使人振奋。另有些人把生活掌握在自己手里，似乎在按照自己的意愿创造生活。尽管这样的人寥若晨星，他们却深深地吸引了我。自由意志这玩意儿对我们来说也许纯属子虚乌有；但不管怎么说，它确实存在于我们的幻想之中。每逢站在十字路口，我们好像能在左右两条道路中任选其一，可一旦选定之后，却又很难认识到那实际是世界历史的整个进程左右了我们的转折点。我从未见过比梅休更有意思的人了。他是底特律的一名律师，为人能干，事业上也很成功。35岁时，他就门庭若市，收入可观，累累胜诉，声名昭著，前程似锦。他头脑灵活，性格招人喜欢，为人又很正直，在这个国家不变得有钱或有势才怪呢。一天晚上，他与一些朋友在俱乐部聚会。喝了酒之后，他们也许有点醉意(或更清醒)了，其中一人刚从意大利回来，跟大家谈起了在卡普里岛看到的一幢房子。那是一幢坐落在小山上的房屋，还有个绿叶成荫的大花园。从屋里望出去，那不勒斯湾尽收眼底。他娓娓动听地把地中海这个最美的岛屿夸了一番。)

2.A study by Raymond Fisman and Edward Miguel, economists at Columbia University and the University of California, Berkeley, gives a rare picture of how people from different cultures perform under new cultural norms. For instance, between 1997 and 2002 diplomats from Chad averaged 124 unpaid parking violations; diplomats from Canada and the United Kingdom had none. The results from 146 countries were strikingly similar to the Transparency International corruption index, which rates countries by their level of perceived sleaze. In the case of parking violations, diplomats from countries with low levels of corruption behaved well, even when they could get away with breaking the rules. The culture of their home country was imported to New York, and they acted accordingly.The same applied to high-corruption countries. Their diplomats became increasingly comfortable with parking where they liked; as they spent more time in New York, their number of violations increased by 8-18%. Overall, diplomats accumulated 150,000 unpaid parking tickets during the five years under review.Yet any moral superiority New Yorkers may feel should be tempered by the behavior of the American embassy in London. Last year, embassy staff stopped paying the congestion charge-now ￡8, or over $15-for bringing cars into central London. The growing pile of unpaid charges now stands at $716,000.(35%)

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正确答案：( 哥伦比亚大学和加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校的经济学家雷蒙德?费斯曼和爱德华?米盖

尔进行了一项研究，该项研究罕见地展示了来自不同文化的人在新的文化准则下如何表现。例如，1997-2002年，乍得的外交官平均每年有124次未缴罚金的停车违规，而加拿大和英国的外交官一

次也没有。对146个国家进行的研究结果与"透明国际"腐败指数惊人地相似，该指数根据各国腐败

现状对其进行排名。就违规停车而言，即便存在侥幸逃脱违规处罚的可能性，但来自腐败程度较低

的国家的外交官员仍然表现良好。他们将本国文化带入纽约，而且能够依此行事。那些腐败程度

较严重的国家也是如此。这些国家的外交官员在停车方面越来越随心所欲，想停哪里就停哪里。他

们在纽约生活的时日越久，违规停车的次数也相应地增加了8％一18％。通过回顾调查，五年内外

交官员未缴付的停车罚单总计达15万张。不过，美国大使馆在伦敦的行为会让纽约人可能产生的

任何道德优越感荡然无存。去年，使馆人员开车到伦敦市中心不再缴纳交通堵塞费(现为8英镑或

超过15美元)。目前累计欠缴高达71．6万美元。)

3.北国的槐树，也是一种能使人联想起秋来的点缀。像花而又不是花的那一种落蕊，早晨起来，

会铺得满地。脚踏上去，声音也没有，气味也没有，只能感出一点点极微细极柔软的触觉。扫街在

树影下一阵扫后，灰土上留下来的一条条扫帚的丝纹，看起来既觉得细腻，又觉得清闲，潜意识下

并且还觉得有点儿落寞，古人所说的梧桐一叶而天下知秋的遥想，大约也就在这些深沉的地方。秋

蝉的衰弱的残声，更是北国的特产：因为北平处处全长着树，屋子又低，所以无论在什么地方，都

听得见它们的啼唱。在南方是非要上郊外或山上去才听得到的。这秋蝉的嘶叫，在北平可和蟋蟀耗

子一样，简直像是家家户户都养在家里的家虫。还有秋雨哩，北方的秋雨，也似乎比南方的下得奇，

下得有味，下得更像样。在灰沉沉的天底下，忽而来一阵凉风，便息列索落地下起雨来了。一层雨

过，云渐渐地卷向了西去，天又青了，太阳又露出脸来了。(40％)

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宁波大学 357英语翻译基础(A卷) 2016年硕士研究生考研真题

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