欧洲文化入门总复习题

一：选择（51'）

1:Hebrew---Israelite---Jew Jew---Jewish---Judaism

Judaism---Christianity

2: Pentateuch （摩西五经）：Genesis（创世纪）、Exodus（出埃及记）、Leviticus （利未记）、Numbers（民数计）、Deuteronomy（申命记）

3：The fall of man: Adam and Eve、the Garden of Eden

4: Noah 's Ark

5:Moses（a famous Hebrewleader）、Exodus、40 years、the mountainous Sinai 、Ten Commandments

6:While in Babylon in the 6th century ., the Hebrews, now known as Jews, formed synagogues（大会堂）to practise their religion.

7: 如今有多少犹太人？15 million

8:Jesus出生地：那瑟勒死亡地：耶路撒冷郊外髑髅地?各各地

Baptism: 30 years 、John baptist

9:Diocletian destroyed 、Constantine and the Edict of Milan in 133 、Theodosius official

10: the newtestament（新约）：the birth 、teaching 、death （The Crucifixion 耶稣被钉十字架）、resurrection of Jesus 11：现代英语两大宝库：the English Bible and Shakespeare 12:228 years

13:the Code of Chivalry ：to protect the week , to fight for church , to be loyal to his lord , to respect women of noble birth .

14:half civilized Germanic tribes: Visigoths , the Franks, the Angle and Saxons, the Vandals

15:Feudalism（封建主义） the Manor（庄园） serfs（农奴） Charles Martel in 732.

16:After 1054, the Roman Catholic church and Eastern Orthodox church 17:three groups in feudalism: clergy（牧师最高）lords peasants （农民最低）

18：the crusades（十字军） 8 times 200 years

By 1291, the moslems had taken over the last Christain stronghold.

19:Emperor of the Romans（神圣罗马皇帝）:Charlemagne（查理曼大帝）

20:Alfred the Great（ Anglo-Saxdon） contributed to medieval European culture 21:real scientific progress began in the 12th and 13th centuries.

Roger bacon（a monk） is an advocate of scientific research. Opus maius, and encyclopedia （自然哲学总则）

22:National Epics: Beowulf (Anglo-saxo n/英国) Song of Roland (French/

法国)

荷马史诗代表作Iliad（伊利亚特）和Odysse （奥德赛）

Geoffrey Chaucer （杰弗里乔叟）and the Canterbury tales （坎特伯雷故事）23: Romanesqu?罗马建筑） Gothic （哥特式建筑）:stained glass windows are the Holy Scriptures

24:哲学三杰（苏格拉底，柏拉图，亚里士多德）顺序不能打乱二：简答（6道）

nges over the cen turies. Two of these eleme nts are con sidered to be more en duri ng and they are: the Greco-Roma n eleme nt, and the Judeo-Christia n eleme nt. However, there has bee n a complex in terplay betwee n the two, which adds to the rich ness of the culture.

2:Why should Chin ese stude nts of En glish bother about Europea n culture? Well, English culture is a part of European culture and Ianguage cannot be lear ned without some kno wledge of the culture Beh ind it.

Further, European culture itself is a part of world culture. Some

knowledge of it is necessary to us as citizens of the world, particularly whe n our country is going ahead with moder ni zati on and tak ing an active part in world affairs.

3：Ten Commandments摩西十诫)

1)You shall have no other gods before me.

除了我以外，你不可有别的神。

2)You shall not make for yourself an idol. 不可为自己雕刻偶像。

4) Observe the sabbath day and keep it holy. 守安息日为圣日。

5) Honor your father and mother. 孝敬父母。

6) You shall not murder. 不可杀人。

7) Neither shall you commit adultery. 不可奸淫。

8) Neither shall you steal. 不可偷盗。

9.)Neither shall you bear false witness against your neighbor.

4:为什么基督教是西方最大的宗教?

Amon gall the religio ns by which people seek to worship, Christia nity is by far the most in flue ntial in the West. Every phase of man ' s life is touched by this religi on, so much so that it has become part and parcel of Wester n culture.

5: Why are Judaism and Christianity closely related?

In fact, it was the Jewish tradition which gave birth to Christianity.

Both originated in Palestine--the hub of migration and trade routes, which

led to excha nge of ideas over wide areas.

6:为什么叫中世纪？

7:为什么叫dark ages?

8:为什么叫the age of faith?

9:why could the “Christian Church ” become the only central of power.

10:the Code of Chivalry（骑士公约）：

to protect the week , to fight for church , to be loyal to his lord , to respect wome n of n oble birth .

三：论述（5 道）

About 1300 ., the Hebrews came to settle in Palest ine, known as Canaan at that time, and formed small kingdoms. Their history was handed down orally from one

generation to another in the form of folktales and stories,

which were recorded later in the Old Testament, which still late became the first part of the christian Bible. Though a minor tribe in ancient Middle East with a small populati on, the Hebrews made one of the greatest contribution to the word civilization.

2:Why do we say the Bible has shaped Western culture more decisively than anything else ever writte n ?

The Bible is the most popular book in the culture of mankin d. It is the esse ntial of western civilizati on, hav ing shaped the western civilizati on more decisively tha n any thi ng else ever writte n.

3:What happened in Western Europe after the decline of the RomanEmpire ?

(1) In 476 . a Germanic general killed the last Roman emperor and took con trol of the gover nment. A great many Germa nic kin gdoms bega n to grow into the n ati ons known as En gla nd, Fran ce, Spa in, Italy, and Germa ny. (2) Betweenthe 5th to 11th centuries, Western Europe was the scene of frequent wars and in vasi ons. The political un ity had give n way to widespread destructi on and con fusi on. Hun ger and disease killed many lives; tow ns and villages fell into ruin and great areas of land lay waste. (3) During the medieval times there was no central government to keep the order. The only organization that seemed to unite Europe was the Christian church.

In the late Middle Ages, Christianity took the lead in politics, law, art,

and lear ning for hun dreds of year.

(1) Ren aissa nce started in Flore nce and Ven ice with the floweri ng of pain tin gs, sculpture and architecture. Form Italy the moveme nt went to embrace the rest of Europe. (2) Because of its geographical positi on, foreig n trade developed early in Italy in to con tact with other cultures and gave rise to urban economyand helped Italy to accumulate wealth which was an esse ntial factor for the floweri ng of art and literature. (3) For two cen turies begi nning from the late 15th cen tury, Flore nce was the golden city which gave birth to a whole generation of poet, scholars, artists and sculptors. There was in Florence a revival of interest in classical lear ning and rising of huma nist ideas.

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《欧洲文化入门》的考试大致包括以下几种题型：四选一，填空，判断，简答题，名词解释，论述题。 选择题：这种题型可考查考生的记忆、理解、判断、推理分析，综合比较，鉴别评价等多种能力，评分客观，故常被应用。在答题时，如果能瞬时准确地把正确答案找出来最好，假如没有把握，就应采用排除法，即应从排除最明显的错误开始，把接近正确答案的备选项留下，再分析比较强以逐一否定最终选定正确答案。 填空题：这种题型常用于考核考生准确记忆的“再现”能力，在答题时，无论有几个空，回答都应明确、肯定，不能含糊其辞，填空题看似容易实则难，最好的应对办法是对英语语言知识中最基本的知识、概念、原理等要牢记。 名词解释：这种题型一般针对英语专业自考本科段课程中的基本概念、专业名词进行命题，主要考核考生的识记、理解能力。在答题时，答案要简明、概括、准确，如分值较大，可简要扩展。 简答题：这种题型一般围绕基本概论、原理及其联系进行命题，着重考核考生对概念、史实、原理的掌握、辨别和理解能力。在答题时，既不能像名词解释那样简单，也不能像论述题那样长篇大论，答案要有层次性，列出要点，并加以简要扩展就可以。 论述题：这种题型一般从试卷编制的全局出发，能从体现考试大纲中的重点内容和基本问题的角度来命题，着重考核考生分析、解决实际问题的能力，考核考生综合应用能力和创见性。在答题时，要仔细审题，列出答案要点，然后对要点逐一展开叙述，此时考生应发挥自己的真知灼见，要在深度，广度上下功。如果对哪些要点把握不大，时间又不允许多考虑，那就宁可多答一些要点，但应避免把不能说明问题或者与答案相矛盾的东西都写上。充分认识本课程的知识点的庞杂性，力求以乐观、耐心、仔细和勤奋的态度投入学习。 要研究欧洲发展的历史，我们要仅仅抓住两条线索。一条是社会文化发展线索，那就是希腊和罗马文化历史。另一条则是精神宗教形成线索，即犹太教和基督教历史。正如，想精通中国文化必先熟知孔夫子和道家文化一样。下面我们将分章节进行综述。在每章综述的最后，会有一两道重要的问答题分析。每章还会附有一些练习题，希望大家好好做一做。 好，下面我们开始分章讲述。 第一章希腊罗马文化 希腊罗马文化可以说是欧洲文明的起源，所以这一章节应该是比较重要的章节。我们先看希腊的发展。 希腊文明分为几个时期，她形成于公元前800－500年，经历了古典时代（也就是公元前500到公元前336年）和希腊化时代（也就是公元前336年到公元前31年）。希腊文明达到顶峰是公元前5世纪。公元前146年，希腊被罗马攻克。希腊文明也就被罗马文明所取代。 这段历史的重要大事有： 1、公元前12世纪，随着特洛伊人的入侵，希腊堕入“黑暗时代”。荷马史诗描述的正是希腊人与特洛伊人之间的战争（《以利亚特》和《奥得赛》）。这里要注意的是，荷马史诗描述的时代并非荷马生活的时代。荷马生活在公元前700年。 2、公元前6世纪，希腊世界开始有了全面改变，为后来的古典时代打开了通途。其中两个重要的城邦国家是雅典和斯巴达。雅典发展起一个完全不同类型的社会，公元前594年，梭伦成为雅典的首席执行官，他的贡献在于，在组织上为以后建立著名的雅典民主奠定了基础。雅典之所以在当时拥有卓越的地位，是因为它在打败庞大的波斯帝国这场重大战争中起了最主要的作用。历史之父希罗多德在他的历史书中进行了详尽的描述。 3、由于雅典的不断扩张引起了斯巴达的恐慌，因而在公元前431年爆发了伯罗奔尼撒战争。

欧洲文化2001试卷及答案

二ＯＯ一年下半年北京市高等教育自学考试 欧洲文化入门试卷 I. Multiple Choice (40%) 1. ＿＿believed that the highest good in life was pleasure, freedom from pain and emotional upheaval. A. Sophists B. Cynics C. Skeptics D. Epicureans 2. ___ is said to have told the king of Syrac use: “give me a place to stand,and I will move the world”. A. Archimedes B. Aristotle C. Plato D. Euclid 3. Increasingly troubled by the inroads of northern tribes such as Goths, the West Roman Empire finally collapsed in___. A. 395 B. 27 C. 1453 D. 476 4. The city of god was written by___, the most important of all the leaders of Christian thought. A. Jesus B. Augustine C. Thomas Aquinas D. Martin Luther 5. ____ was a painter, a sculptor, an architect, a musician, an engineer, and a scientist - a Renaissance man in the true sense of the word. A. Michelangelo B. Raphael C. Shakespeare D. da Vinci 6. In ____, Cervantes satirized a very popular type of literature at the time, the romance of chivalry. A. Don Quixote B. Hamlet C. Leviathan D. The Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe 7. The best - known book written by Thomas More is ____, which describes an ideal non - Christian state where everybody lives a simple life and shares the goods in common, possesses a good knowledge of Latin, fights no war and enjoys full freedom in religious belief. A. The Praise of the Folly B. As You Like It C. Divine Comedy D. Utopia 8. ______, author of Prince, is regarded as “father of political science” in the West . A. Machiavelli B. Dante C. Bacon D. Locke 9. In The Revolution of Heavenly Orbs, ____ put forward his theory that the sun, not the earth, is the center of the universe. A. Kepler B. Galileo C. Newton D. Copernicus 10. During the ____century, the modern scientific method began to take shape, which emphasized observation and experimentation before formulating a final explanation or generalization. A. 18th B. 15th C. 16th D. 17th 11. _____said, “knowledge is power.” A. Isaac Newton B. Francis Bacon C. John Locke D. Marx 12. In past, ____drew on an immense variety of cultural material-theological, mythological, philosophical, political, economic, scientific, aesthetic, musical, and literary. A. Goethe B. Defoe C. Rousseau D. Byron 13. Which of the following is not regarded as a romantic writer? A. Wordsworth B. Shelley C. Pushkin D. Balzac 14. The most frequent themes of Romanticism include all of the following except ______. A. the power of reason B. individual freedom C. spontaneity D. love of nature 15. “If winter comes, can spring be far be hind?” is the ending l ine of “Ode to the West W ind” by______. A. Wordsworth B. Keats C. Pushkin D. Shelley 16. The composer of Swan Lake was_____, a genius in symphonic music. A. Tchaikovsky B. Chopin C. Beethoven D. Mozart 17. The naturalist school founded by Zola in late 19th century intended ____. A. to attack the industrial injustice and urban evils B. to give full play to the imagination of individuals C. to uphold the classical values such as harmony, balance, proportion and retraint D. to demonstrate the law of human conduct by a scientific s tudy of “a slice of life”