高中英语-被动语态讲义

高中英语复习测试题-被动语态讲解及练习

（一）语态分类：英语动词分主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 Tom （执） cleans （谓动）the room （承） every day.

（主动）

The room （承）is cleaned （谓动） by Tom （执） every day. （被动）

被动语态结构： 助动词 be + 动词的过去分词 done ， 即 be done ，

常译为 被”、给”、由”、受”等词用来表示被动关系。

（二） 被动语态的用法

（1）

动作的执行者很明显。这时往往不用 by 短语。

Some skills are taught in our computer less ons. （2） 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

Some new computers were stole n last ni ght.

（3）

突出或强调动作的承受者。如果需要说出动作的执行者，用

by 短语。

The wi ndow was broken by Mike.

窗户是迈克打破的。

（三） 被动语态的时态变化：通过助动词 be 的各种时态变化来体现， done 不变。注意主语的单、复数变化。 以do 为例，掌握下列时态的被动结构，形式变化如下：

1.一般现在时： am / is / are + done

2 ?—般过去时：

was / were + done 3.—般将来时：

shall / will + be done

am/is/are going to be done

4.现在完成时：

have / has + bee n + done

5.情态动词：

can/may/must/should/have to be done

以下时态的被动语态作一般了解：

现在进行时： am / is / are + being + done 过去进行时： was / were + being + done 过去完成时：had + bee n + done

过去将来时：should / would + be done

My aunt in vited me to her dinner party.

执行者 动词 承受者

was in vited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party.

（四）主动语态变被动语态的方法

I

承受者谓语by+执行者

1?把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。

2?把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be +过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。

3?把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by短语可以省略。

练习：

1. 一般现在时：People grow rice in the south of the country.

___________________________ in the south of the country.

2. 一般过去时：Nancy Jackson desig ned the CD-ROM.

The CD-ROM ___________________________ Nancy Jacks on.

3. 一般将来时：They will hold the charity show in the school hall.

The charity show ___________________________ in the school hall.

4. 现在完成时：He has brought his book here.

His book ___________________________ here.

5. 含有情态动词的被动语态：You must hand in your homework after class.

Your homework ____________________________________ after class.

（五）语态转换时所注意的问题

1. 把主动语态变为被动语态时，先找原主动句中的动宾短语，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。

We have bought a new computer.

A new computer has bee n bought.（正确）

A new computer have been bought. （错误）

2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语。

My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.

I was give n a prese nt on my birthday.

如果把直接宾语（指物）改为主语，则在间接宾语（指人）前加适当的介词，如上句还可说：

A present was given to me yesterday.

注意：1.下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to，如：

bring, give, lend, offer, pass, show, teach, tell 等。

⑴ The book was show n to the class.

(2) My bike was lent to her.

2. —般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词for,女口：

buy, cook, get, keep, make, order, play, sing 等。

(1) A new skirt was made for me.

(2) The meat was cooked for us.

(3) Some country music was played for us.

3. 由动词+介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有: 动词+ 介词，女口: laugh at, listen to, look after, think of, talk about, work on 等。

动词+ 副词，女口: sell out, find out, give up, hand in, work out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, turn on, wake up 等。

The most difficult problem was worked out by Tom.

The song is ofte n liste ned to by girls.

4. 带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后

面。如：

(1) We always keep the classroom clea

n.

(keep sth. clea n)

T The classroom is always kept clea n. (sth be kept clea n)

(2) She told us not to stay up late. (tell sb not to do …)

T We were told not to stay up late . (sb. be told not to do …)

注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 ______ 9, 但改成被动语态后都补上to。

We ofte n hear him play the guitar. T He is ofte n heard to play the guitar.

记住下列变化：

see sb do …be see n to do

hear sb do be heard to do

liste n to sb do be liste ned to to do

make sb do …be made to do

5.有些动词既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词，当它们和well, badly, easily等副词连用时，表示主语内

在品质或使用性能，是不及物动词，不用被动语态，常见的有: write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook等。如:

(1) The cloth washes easily. 这布很好洗。

(2) The new computer sells well. 这新产品很畅销。

(3) The printer prints quickly. 这个打印机打印很快。

对比：The books sell well. ( 主动句)

The books were sold out. (被动句)

6. 只有动宾结构才有被动语态。下列情况的主动句不能改为被动句：第一，感官连系动词无被动意义，如：feel, look, seem, taste, sound, smell 等。

(1)—Do you like the material? —Yes, it feels very soft.

误：It is felt very soft.

(2)The food tastes delicious.

误：The food is tasted delicious.

(3) The pop music sounds beautiful.

误：The pop music is sounded beautiful.

第二，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：take place, break out, belong to, come out, come true 等。如：The accident took place last night.

误：The accident was taken place last night..

第三，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise, h appe n, succeed, lie等。

The sun has already risen.

误：The sun has already been risen.

第四，宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，v-ing 形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主

语，如：

I taught myself English.

误：Myself was taught English.

7. 在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：

据说 ... It is said that …

据报导 ... It is reported that it is going to rai n tomorrow.

众所周知…… It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.

8. 注意区别系表结构(be+adj.)和被动语态。

His glasses are broke n.(系表) His glasses were broke n by the cat.(被动)

The door is closed. ( 系表) The door was closed by Tom. ( 被动)

He was surprised by the snake. (被动)

He is surprised. (系表)

被动语态专项练习（

一、用动词的正确语态填空。

1. English __________ (speak) the most widely in the world.

2. A Piano concert ______________ (give) here last Friday.

3. The town __________ (call) Rugao.

4. Vegetables, eggs and fruits ________ (sell) in this shop.

5. What ____ a knife _____ (make) of? It _____________ (make) of metal and wood.

6. The old man is ill. He ___ (must send) to the hospital.

7. The room ____________ (clean) by Mu m already. You don ' t need to clean it.

8. The sports meeting _______________ (hold) in a week.

9. He is happy that his dream ______________ (come) true.

10. The cinema ______________ (build) in 1985.

11. The students ____ often ____ (tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.

12. ___ the magazine ____________ (can take) out of the library?

二. 选择题( )1. ______ a new library ____ in our school last year?

A. Is; built

B. Was; bulit

C. Does; build

D. Did; build

( )2.An accident _____ on this road last week.

A. has been happened

B. was happened

C. is happened

D. happened

( )3.Cotton ______ in the southeast of China. A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow ( )4.So far the moon ______ by man already.

A. is visited

B. will be visited

C. has been visited

D. was visited

( )5.A talk on Chinese history ______ in the school hall next week.

A. is given

B. has been given

C. will be given

D. gives

( )6.How many trees ______ this year? A. are planted B. will plant C .have been planted D. planted

( )7.A lot of things ______ by people to save the little girl now.

A. are doing

B. are being done

C. has been done

D. will be done

( )8.Neither of them _______ in China. A. is made B. are made C. were made D. made

( )9.Look! A nice picture _____ for our teacher. A. is drawing B. is being drawn C. has been drawn D. draws ( )10.Your shoes _____ . You need a new pair. A. wear out B. worn out C. are worn out D. is worn

( )11.The doctor _____ for yet. A. isn't sent B. hasn't been sent C. won't be sent D. wasn't sent

( )12.--When ___ this kind of computers _______ ? --Last year.

A. did; use

B. was; used

C. is; used

D. are; used

( )13.The Great Wall ______ all over the world. A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known

( )14.I _____ in summer. A. born B. was born C. have been born D. am born

( )15.He says that Mr Zhang _______ to the factory next week.

A. is sent

B. would send

C. was sent

D. will be sent

( )16.Who ______ this book ____ ? A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written

( )17.Mary ______ show me her new dictionary. A. has asked to B. was asked to C. is asked D. asks to ( )18.A story ______ by Granny yesterday. A. was told us B. was told to us C .is told us D. told us

( )19.The monkey was seen _______ off the tree. A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump

( )20.The school bag ___ behind the chair. A. puts B. can be put C. can be putted D. can put

( )21.Older people ______ well.

A. looks after

B. must be looked after

C. must look after

D. looked after

( )22.Our teacher ________ carefully.

A. should be listened to

B. should be listen

C. be listened

D. is listened

二.选择题:

( ) 1. Great changes _______ in China.

A. are happened

B. was happened

C. has happened

D. have happened

( ) 3. The Great Wall _______ all over the world.

A. knows

B. knew

C. is known

D. was known

( ) 4. Who _______ this book ______ ?

A. did; written

B. was; written by

C. did; written

D. was; written

(英语)高考英语被动语态练习题及答案

（英语）高考英语被动语态练习题及答案 一、单项选择被动语态 1．With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ________ each year. A．is washing away B．is being washed away C．are washing away D．are being washed away 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 本题考查现在进行时的被动语态和主谓一致。解题步骤：1. 确定谓语单复数：根据quantity的用法，quantities of和a quantity of后面都可加不可数名词与可数名词复数，但它们作主语时，quantities of...后面的谓语动词用复数，而a quantity of...的谓语动词用单数，故排除A、D项。2. 确定第二空：随着森林的被毁，土壤正在被冲走，故应该用现在进行时的被动语态。句意：随着森林的被毁，大量的优质土壤每年都被冲走。综上，故选D项。 【名师点拨】 quantities of和a quantity of后面加可数名词复数，做主语时后面的谓语动词用复数形式；quantities of后面加不可数名词，做主语时后面的谓语动词用复数形式；a quantity of后面加不可数名词，做主语时后面的谓语动词用单数形式。https://www.wendangku.net/doc/605946007.html,rge quantities of money have been sent there大量的钱已经被送到那里；A large quantity of money has been wasted.大量的钱已经被浪费；2.A large quantity of books have been offered to us.大量的书已经提供给我们； Quantities of nuts are on the table.大量的坚果在桌子上。 2．—Are we about to having dinner? —Yes, it ________ in the dining room. A．serve B．is serving C．is being served D．has been serving 【答案】C 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：——我们准备去吃饭吗？——是的，饭菜正在餐厅被供应。it是指饭菜，和动作serve之间是被动关系，且动作正在进行，四个选项中只有C项是现在进行时的被动语态，故选C。 3．To my ________， he was not a little ________ at the news that he had won the first prize in the English speech contest, for he thought that he didn't perform so well. A．astonishment；astonishing B．astonished；astonishing C．astonishment；astonished D．astonish；astonishment 【答案】C 【解析】

(完整word版)高中英语被动语态讲解及习题

被动语态 被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时：am／is／are＋taught 一般过去时：was／were＋taught 一般将来时：will／shall be＋taught 现在进行时：am／is／are being＋taught 过去进行时：have／has been＋taught 现在完成时：have／has been＋taught 注意：区分被动语态与“be+过去分词”结构 be+过去分词”并不一定都是被动语态，有时是系表结构。被动语态,动作的对象是主语；当“be +过去分词”表示主语所处的状态时为系表结构，be是连系动词。be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：1, 如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态。 The glass is broken.(系表结构) The glass was broken by the boy. (被动语态) 2 ，如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态 The magazine is published in Shanghai.。(被动语态) The door is locked. (系表结构) The door has already/just been locked. (被动语态) The shop is opened. (系表结构) The shop is opened at 8 a.m. everyday. (被动语态) 3 ，被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。 三、被动语态的用法 1 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 Some new computers were stolen last night. This book was published in 1981. 2 强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 This book was written by him. Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 1 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 2 把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)，根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。 3 把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。 All the people laughed at him.= He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory.= The bikes are made by them in the factory. 五、含有情态动词的被动语态

高中英语语法被动语态

被动语态 一、语态的基本概念和种类 语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。谓语动词为主动语态的句子叫主动句，谓语动词被动语态的句子叫被动句。一般来说，主动语态侧重于行为者，被动语态侧重于动作的对象或动作本身。如：主动句：They built this bridge.他们修的这座桥。 被动句：This bridge was built by them.这桥由他们建造。 二、' 三、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为系动词的变化完全一样。 英语主动语态的时态共有十六种，而被动语态只有十种。 四、主动语态变被动语态 主动语态转换成被动语态分三步走：第一步是将主动语态中的宾语放在句首，第二步是将主动语态中的谓语变成被动形式，第三步是将主动语态中的主语放在被动句的谓语之后，在前面再加上介词by，引出动作的执行者。简言之，主动语态变被动语态时，主语与宾语交换位置，谓语变为被动形式，执行者前加by。 主动语态：We speak Chinese. (主语) (谓语) (宾语) （ Chinese is spoken by us. (主语) (谓语) (宾语) 主动语态转换成被动语态分三种情况： 第一种句型：主语+谓语+宾语，主语与宾语交换位置。例如： I sent an email last night.昨天夜里我发了一封电子邮件。（主动结构） An email was sent (by me) last night.一封电子邮件昨天夜里（由我）发出了。（被动结构） 第二种句型：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语，将其中任意一个宾语与主语交换位置。例如： … My parents bought me a new computer.我的父母亲给我买了一台新电脑。（主动结构） A new computer was bought for me.有人给我买了一台新电脑。（被动结构） I was bought a new computer.有人给我买了一台新电脑。（被动结构） 第三种句型：主语+谓语+复合宾语，将其中的宾语提到句首，而将宾语补足语仍留在原来的位置。例如：

【英语】被动语态(完整版)

【英语】被动语态(完整版) 一、单项选择被动语态 1．The classroom ________ by students every day. A．cleans B．cleaned C．is cleaned D．is cleaning 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查时态和被动语态。句意：教室每天都由学生打扫。句子主语The classroom，单数第三人称形式，与谓语动词clean之间是被动关系，再结合every day，可知句子用一般现在时态的被动语态，故选C。 2．The new library ________; it will be open next year. A．had been built B．was built C．was being built D．is being built 【答案】D 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：图书馆正在建设中；明年开放。根据后面一句可推知，图书馆是正在建设中，所以要用进行时，图书馆是被建的，要用被动。所以本句要用现在进行时的被动语态。故选D。 3．Now the world’s attention ________ the stocking markets, as they have great influence on the world’s economy. A．is fixing on B．is being fixed on C．has fixed on D．had been fixed on 【答案】B 【解析】考查时态语态。句意：现在世界关注的焦点都在股票市场上，因为它们对世界经济已经产生了很大的影响。 attention与focus之间为被动关系，Now提示用现在进行时。 4．The plan for Xiongan New Area ______ officially on April 1, 2017. A．announced B．was announced C．announces D．is announced 【答案】B 【解析】考查时态与被动语态。句意：设立雄安新区的计划在2017年4月1日被官方宣布。计划是被官方宣布，故用被动语态；动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。 5．When I got to his house, I found that the walls _____ . A．are being painted B．are painting C．were being painted D．were painting 【答案】C

高一英语被动语态

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高中英语被动语态专项练习---有答案

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高中英语被动语态讲解及练习含答案

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(完整word版)高中英语语法被动语态详解

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(完整版)高一英语被动语态习题和答案

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(完整)高中英语语法被动语态

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【英语】历年全国高考英语被动语态试题汇总及答案

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