定语从句
KS5U2010高考二轮复习英语学案
专题十定语从句
【典例精析】
1.（09天津）A person ______ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.
A. who
B. whom
C. whose
D. whoever
【解析】C 考查定语从句的用法。分析先行词和定语从句的关系发现先行词在定语从句中作定语，故选C符合。
2.（09天津）I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day, _____ do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin.
A. as
B. which
C. when
D. though
【解析】A 考查as连接的倒装句式。按照句意此处as有正如，正像的意思，故as符合。
3.（09陕西）Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time.
A. of which
B. with which
C. about which
D. into which
【解析】C 考查定语从句，先行词是Gun control，指物，关系词在从句中做介词的宾语，介词前置，介词与从句动词构成搭配argue about sth，选C。
4.（09四川）She’ll never forget her s tay there ________ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. when
【解析】D 考查定语从句的用法。her stay为先行词，可以理解为抽象的一段时间（她呆在那里期间），when指代her stay在定语从句中做时间状语。
5.（09浙江）I have reached a point in my life ______ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.
A. which
B. where
C. how
D. why
【解析】B 考查定语从句关系副词的选择。分析句式in my life为插入成分；point为先行词，在定语从句中先行词做地点状语，意思为“我应该做出我自己决定的地方（某一点）”
6.（09北京）—What do you think of teacher ,Bob？
—I find it fun and challenging. It is a job ___ you are doing something serious but interesting.
A. where
B. which
C. when
D. that
【解析】A 考查定语从句用法。分析定语从句主谓宾完整，说明应该填关系副词，先行词为a job，定语从句的意思是在这个工作中……，所以答案用where引导的定语从句。
7.（09福建）It’s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.
A. that
B. when
C. which
D. where
【解析】D考查定语从句。先行词是situation，指物，亦可指地点，关系词在从句中做地点状语，用关系副词where，选D。
8.（09安徽）A good friend of mine from I was born showed up at my home right before
I left for Beijing.
A. how
B. whom
C. when
D. which
【解析】C 考查定语从句用法。本题对学生来说较难,不容易看的懂.本句意为“就在我准备去北京前,我儿时的一位好朋友到我家里来了.”
9.（09安徽）Many children，parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village.
A. their
B. whose
C. of them
D. with whom
【解析】B 本题考察定语从句的用法,属于较容易题.明显表达为”他们的父母”
10.（09湖南）I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.
A. which
B. of which
C. that
D. whose
【解析】D考查定语从句。先行词在定语从句中充当定语，意思为这个城市的名字。
11.（09全国2 ）My friend showed me round the town, was very kind of him.
A. which
B. that
C. where
D. it
【解析】A 考查非限制性定语从句(这儿的which指代前面整句话内容。
12.（09江西）6. The house I grew up ________ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.
A. in it
B. in
C. in that
D. in which
【解析】B考查定语从句。The house ( which / that I grew up in ) , 主语后面紧跟的是定语从句。
13.（09海南）7. She brought with her three friends, none of I had ever met before.
A. them
B. who
C. whom
D. these
【解析】C。考查定语从句中的非限制性定语从句。句意为：她带着她的三个朋友，他们三个中没有一个人我曾见过。表示“部分的词语+of+关系代词”在非限制性定语从句指人只能用whom。
14.（09山东）8. Whenever I met her, _________ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.
A. who
B. which
C. when
D. that
【解析】B非限制性定语从句，指代前面一个句子，故用which.
【专题突破】总体做题采用还原法：即把先行词还原到定语从句里边，看一下做什么成分、、指人、物；做主语、宾语还是状语等即可突破，具体说：
1. 根据句子结构划出定语从句（划完后必须是两个独立的句子）。
2. 根据先行词的特点、功能进一步选择。
⑴如果先行词在定语从句中主、宾语，则选关系代词。
⑵如果先行词在定语从句中做状语，则用关系副词。
3. 根据先行词的具体用法进一步选择。
1．The English play __________ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a gr eat success. A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which
2．Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, __________, of course, made the others envy him.
A. who
B. that
C. what
D. which
3．If a shop has chairs __________ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.
A. that
B. which
C. when
D. where
4．Women _______ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ________ don’t.
A. who ; 不填
B. 不填; who
C. who ; who
D. 不填; 不填
5．The Beatles, ________ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.
A. what
B. that
C. how
D. as
6. Some pre-school children go to a day care center,____ they learn simple games and songs.
A. then
B. there
C. while
D. where
7．The book was written in 1946, ____ the education system has witnessed great charges. A．when B．during which C．since then D．since when
8. The Science Museum, ________ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London’s tourist attractions.
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. where
9. Yesterday she sold her car, ______ she bought a month ago.
A. when
B. where
C. that
D. which
10. By nine o’clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, _______appeared a rare rainbow soon.
A. of which
B. on which
C. from which
D. above which
参考答案和详解：
1.【解析】C根据句子意思需选择介词in，从而构成act in the play。关系代词在此是指English play，指物，因此选择in which。注意：如果定语从句谓语动词为介词动词也就是由动词+介词构成的短语，那么介词必须后置，不能与动词拆开置于关系代词前面。
2.【解析】D这是一句非限制性定语从句，关系代词指代整个句子Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others，且从句中行为动词made是主动语态，因此选择which。
3.【解析】D此题答案是。这里的关系副词指代on chairs，指地点，因此选择where。不要误以为chair在句中是做主语或者宾语，在做此类题时一定要结合定语从句要表达的意思，做到“瞻前顾后”。
4.【解析】C审明句意：每天和多于两杯咖啡的女性比那些没有改习惯的女性得心脏病的可能性要大得多。在本题中的who都是引导定语从句，指代人，在定语从句中做主语，所以都不能省略。
5.【解析】D本题考查在实际语境中对于非限制性定语从句的应用能力。as引导定语从句，在从句中做remember的宾语，指代的是the Beatles“披头士乐队”。what引导名词性从句，在句中做主语宾语或表语，that引导限制性定语从句，how引导名词性从句。
6.【解析】D本题中用where引导定语从句，先行词是a day care center，where在定语从句中做地点状语。注意then和there是副词，不能引导定语从句。While虽然是连词，但是只能用来连接状语从句。
7.【解析】D在本题中用since when引导定语从句。因为句中的谓语has witnessed是现在完成时,所以要用since when。when指代上文中的in 1946,表示“这本书是1946年写的,从那以后,教育体制发生了巨大变化”。
8.【解析】A本题考查的重点是非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句的先行词指物时，应用which而不用that，the Science Museum 虽然是一个地点名词，但是在本句中的定语从句里做的是宾语而不是地点状语所以不能用where,尤其注意visit是一个及物动词。
9.【解析】D本题考查的是非限制性定语从句。题中空格前面主句中的先行词是car，空格后面定语从句的谓语动词bought后面缺一个宾语，只能选用关系代词。A项when和B项where
都是关系副词，可以予以排除，C项that不能用于非限制性定语从句中。故选D。
10.【解析】D考查非限制性定语从句的介词＋which的用法，原句可还原成…a rare rainbow appeared above …。根据选项我们已经知道了考查的大方向，就是需要我们找到合适的介词搭配。
【学法导航】根据考纲要求，考生在复习备考时要弄清定语从句的先行词与关系词的关系；关系代词、关系副词的选择和运用；限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的用法以及强调句式和同位语从句和定语从句的区别。把握命题规律，一般定语从句的命题热点内容如下：
1.that与which的选用；that与where/when的选用；
2.“介词+which/whom”结构中介词的选用；
3.“介词+which”与when/where间的区别与联系；
4.which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别；
5.“不定代词/数词+of which/wh om”与“不定代词/数词+of them”的选用；
6.定语从句中的主谓一致现象。1定语从句可以说是各地高考必然首先考虑的重要考点，在题目设计的过程中，势必会以“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句为热点，以非限制性定语从句为重点，以关系副词where引导的定语从句为难点。
7．在疑问句中或倒装句中考查定语从句
8. 通过拆分词组和固定搭配或者添加插入语或状语来考查定语从句
做到了以上几点就能轻松拿到定语从句的分数。
【专题综合】1．The town _______ we visited last month is the one _______ the famous painter was born.
A．where; which B．which; where C．which; that D．where; where
2．We went to Mountain Tai last weekend, ________, not surprisingly, was crowded with visitors.
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. when
3.We hope that the measures to control the stock market, ____ are taken by the government, will work.
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. what
4．Many factors influence a student in his/her study, ____ I think are out of a teacher’s control.
A. most of them
B. most of which
C. most of what
D. most of that 5．—Obama won the election. It’s amazing!
— Yes. But the result was within ______ we had expected, ______ brought great joy to many young
people and the black.
A. that; which
B. that; that
C. what; what
D. what; which
6．He’s got himself into a dangerous situation _________ he is likely to lose control over the plane.
A. where
B. which
C. while
D. why
7.It was in the factory _______ his friend worked _______ he picked up a lot of experience.
A. where, where
B. that, where
C. that, that
D. where, that 8．Today the public is much concerned about the way _______ .
A．nature is being ruined B．which nature is ruined
C．on which to ruin nature D．of nature to be ruined
9．Young people who have got jobs may realize university les sons can’t be the only preparation for all of the situations ________ appear in the working world.
A. where
B. when
C. that
D. what
10．Is it the years _______ you worked in Africa as a doctor _______ have a great effect on your literary works?
A. that; where
B. that; that
C. when; where
D. when; that
11. Was it in the waiting room ______ only allows mothers-to-be to enter that you lost your wallet?
A. /
B. where
C. that
D. when
12 Obama, _______ life was once hard when he was young, were elected President of American.
A. for whom
B. who
C. to whom
D. /
13 _______ has been announced, our government will take more measures to make the falling economics recover as soon as possible.
A That
B As
C It
D What
14. Lee Yu chun was titled as the top thin beauty in Ansia , _______ caused a lot of disagreements in the field of entertainment.
A. that
B. which C as D it
15 There were so many attractions in Disney Park. After lunch we came to a place, _______ stood a big tower.
A. which
B. that
C. /
D. where
16．A political advisor suggested giving out red pockets to the whole nation directly to encourage economics，_____I believe is of great value.
A that B. / C. which D. why
17 Is this the website_______ you want to have ____ into your files to help you learn English?
A. who; to add
B. that; add
C. whom; adding
D. that; added
18．We have heard of many cases _______ some citizens ，especially some famous people，have suffered because personal information had been leaked.
A. why
B. which
C. as
D. where 19．Tony showed me his new cell phone, _______ was small but it could change colors in different weather.
A. the screen of whom
B. whom the screen of
C. which the screen of
D. the screen of which
20．I will never forget the day _______ I came to my university and the day ______ I spent in a new city.
A. when; which
B. which; when
C. what; that
D. on which; when
参考答案和解析：
1.【解析】B注意在第一个空后面的定语从句里的visit是一个及物动词，所以the town在定语从句里做的是visit的宾语，所以第一个空我们可以用that, which或者省略。第二个空的先行词the one指代的还是the town,但是此时the town在定语从句里做的是地点状语，所以要用where来引导定语从句。
2.【解析】B这里从总的方面来看考查的非限制性定语从句，我们找到定语从句的先行词，根据空格后面的was crowded with visitors我们可以判断这个定语从句的先行词应该是在山上人有很多而不是指时间，所以不能用when。
3.【解析】C本题考查的非限制性定语从句，句子的主干表达的意思是我们希望控制证券市场的措施会生效。那么… are taken by the government就是个定语从句来解释stock market，证券市场在非限制性定语从句中做的是主语，所以不能用where来引导从句。
4.【解析】B这个句子尤其要注意区分A和B选项的不同，只要我们注意了标点符号就知道这并不是个并列句，所以不能选A。因为是逗号，说明后面是个非限制性定语从句，这里考查的是介词＋which的用法，原句可还原成…most of the factors …。
5.【解析】D第一个空考查的是what引导的名词性从句在句子里做的是within这个介词的宾语，第二个空是由which引导的非限制性定语从句，这里的which指代的是奥巴马当选总统这件事。
6.【解析】A句意“他使得自己处于非常危险的境况中，（在这个境况中）他可能失去对飞机的
控制”，所选择的关联词应该在定语从句中作地点状语，表示in the situation。注意：where这个词不仅仅可以表地点，某人/物的情况、某事发展的阶段、某事的某个方面都可以用where 这个关系副词来表达。
7.【解析】D本题是把定语从句放到了强调结构里来考查，第一个空是由where引导的定语从句解释说明the factory，在定语从句里做的是地点状语。第二个空是it was ….that…强调结构。
8.【解析】A这里考查定语从句里的特殊情况就是当先行词是the way的时候，关系代词可以是that, in which或者省略。A选项就是符合第三种情况。
9.【解析】C注意在本句里的situation是先行词，在空格后的定语从句里缺少的是主语，而且指的是物，所以该空我们可以用which或者that，但是不管用什么都不能省略。
10.【解析】D该题既做到了把定语从句放到疑问句中，又做到了把定语从句放到强调结构里进行考查。第一个空是个定语从句，先行词是the year，when在定语从句里是时间状语；第二个空是it is …that…强调结构。
11.【解析】C在考查定语从句的时候利用疑问句的特殊结构来干扰学生的正确选择比较常见。遇到这类定语从句时，最好的办法是先把疑问句还原成陈述句，然后判断谁是先行词，再看关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分，最后确定正确答案。在这个定语从句中的先行词是room, that在定语从句里做主语。
12.【解析】A这是一个非限制性定语从句，还考查到了“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。根据句子意思需选择介词for, 从而构成be hard for Obama. for的宾语是指人，这时就只能用whom。
13.【解析】B这是一句非限制性定语从句，关系代词指代整个句子we shall have our final exams next month，且位于句首，因此选择as。在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但注意as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。
14.【解析】B在引导非限制性定语从句时，as和which都可以用来指代前面整句所表达的内容。As在从句中作主语时，后面常接动词的被动语态；如果从句中的行为动词是主动语态，一般用which做主语，所以正确选项应为B。
15.【解析】D在本句中为了保持句子平衡，句子用了倒装语序。倒装的使用使定语从句的结构变得较为特殊，对于这种情况，应先把倒装语序还原成正常语序，这样句子结构就比较清晰了。这里是非限制性定语从句解释前面的the place.
16.【解析】C在考查定语从句时会利用插入语或状语的添加来增加试题的难度。常见的插入语有：I think （suppose, expect, believe, imagine）, in my opinion, to tell you the truth等。做这
类题目时我们可以先删去插入语或状语，找出句子的主干。在该句中先行词是discovery，which 是在引导非限制性定语从句，在句子里做主语。
17.【解析】D非谓语动词是英语中难度较大的语法项目之一，因而在定语从句中加入非谓语动词会增加考查定语从句的难度。对这类题目最有效的办法就是将句子还原。本句还原后应是：You want to have the website added into your files to help you learn English.先行词是the website, 因为在定语从句里做宾语，所以可以用that, which或者省略，但是第二个空只能用added，因为还考查到了have something done，这里是网站被添加到收藏夹。
18.【解析】D定语从句的先行词cases在此意为“实例，情况”，根据从句的意思“在这些例子中（情境中）……”，先行词在从句中应该担当状语成分，表示in many cases，所以用where 来引导表示地点的定语从句。
19.【解析】D从四个选项的设置不难看出是考察介词加关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句。再从先行词watch可看出是指物，可排除A和B。C项中关系代词应放在介词之后，如改为of which the screen或者whose screen也是可以的。
20.【解析】A在本句中两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent 的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句。
大学英语定语从句汇总
定语从句 定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 关系词 引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等，绝对没有WHAT；关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用： ①连接作用，引导定语从句。 ②代替主句中的先行词，甚至可能是主句中的一部分或者整个主句。 ③在定语从句中充当一句子成分。 注：关系代词有主语、宾语之分。一般whom作为宾语。关系代词在从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语等，关系副词在从句中作地点状语，时间状语，原因状语等。 定语 定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语（动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语）或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。主要由形容词担任，此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。 先行词 被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。 关系代词 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
who指人在从句中做主语 (1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 在踢足球的男孩们是一班的. (2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 昨天，我帮助了一个迷路的老人. whom指人 在定语从句中充当宾语，常省略。（注：who和whom已无太大区别，基本可以通用。唯一区别是who可以做主语而whom不可以。） (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked with on the bus. 刘先生就是在公交车上和你聊天的那个人. (2) Mr. Ling is just the boy(whom)I want to see. 凌先生恰巧就是我想见的那个男孩. (3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 你刚刚见到的那个人就是我的朋友. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 如果在从句中做宾语,就用whom或who.比如: He is the man whom/who I talk to. 他就是那个和我聊天的男人. 如果是在从句中作主语就只能用who.比如: He is the man who has an English book. 他就是那个有英语书的男人. whose通常指人也可指物 在定语从句中做定语。 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替 (3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. (4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. (5) Do you like the book whose color is yellow? (6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow? which指物 在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩都喜欢的游戏. (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天刚买的钢笔.
定语从句选择题练习
定语从句选择题练习 一、定语从句 1．The movie ____ I have seen twice is The Wandering Earth. A．who B．which C．where D．when 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 句意：我看过两次的电影是《流浪地球》。A. who谁，指人的引导词；B. which哪一个，指物的引导词；C. where哪里，指地点；D. when什么时间，指时间。本题考查定语从句。先行词是The movie，因此引导词用which。故选B。 2．The teenagers like the musician ____ different kinds of music. A．who play B．which plays C．who plays D．that play 【答案】C 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】 试题分析：句意：青少年喜欢演奏不同种类音乐的音乐家。The musician是先行词，后面跟的是它的定语从句。先行词musician指人，用who、that引出定语从句，Ｂ错；关系词在定语从句中作主语，定语从句的谓语与先行词保持一致。musician是单数，谓语用单数：plays。故选C。 3． The dog _______ played with you just now is _______. A．which; mine B．which; my C．what; mine D．what; my 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 句意：刚才和你一起玩的那条狗是我的。 Which哪一个；what什么；mine名词性物主代词，我的；my形容词性物主代词，我的。形容词性物主代词在句只用作定语；名词性物主代词则不能用作定语，但可以用作主语、宾语、表语、连用of作定语。先行词dog在定语从句中作主语可用关系代词which代替。所以选A。 4．We have decided to sell five things ________ we no longer use. A．that B．where C．who
浅谈定语从句的译法
浅谈定语从句的译法 1.源文本分析 著名的翻译理论家赖斯认为：“文本类型决定翻译方法。”她根据不同的特点将文本分为：信息性文本、表达性文本、呼唤性文本以及视听文本。信息性文本的特点是以内容为主，主要作用是传递信息、知识和交换意见。信息发出者（作者）和信息的形式均被放在突出的位置。其典型代表是虚构性文学作品（Katharina Reiss，1971）。根据赖斯的定义，“《王牌》—特朗普家族风气的揭秘”主要作用就是交流信息、知识和意见，以内容为主，属于典型的信息性文本。 笔者在翻譯这篇文章时发现，原文定语从句共有22例，这无疑增加了翻译的难度，也成了这次翻译实践的最大难题。为了充分认识这一困难，以便进一步解决它，笔者对照原文，阅读了一些大家的经典译本和对定语从句的相关论述，运用尤金·奈达的功能对等理论浅谈定语从句的译法，以求解决我在这方面的困惑。 2.翻译实例剖析 美国语言学家、翻译家和翻译理论家尤金·A·奈达（1964）从语言学的角度出发，根据翻译的本质，提出了著名的“功能对等”翻译理论。奈达认为翻译就是在译语中再现与源语信息最贴切的自然对等物，是用最恰当、自然和对等的语言从语义到文体再现源语的信息，语言文化的差异决定源语和目的语之间只能做到相对的对等。奈达“功能对等”理论中的对等包括词汇对等、句法对等、篇章对等和文体对等四个方面。而在这四个方面中，奈达认为“意义是最重要的，形式其次，形式很可能掩藏源语的文化意义并阻碍文化交流”（郭建中，2000）。采用功能对等原则时，“内容第一，形式第二”。 因此，我们在理解和翻译现代英语中的定语从句时就不能局限于句式上的对等，正确理解源句并找出其中的逻辑关系是准确翻译的前提，选择恰当的汉语句式将源句意思准确完整地表达出来则是翻译的最终目标。 2.1前置法 英译汉时，把简短的定语从句的意思放在前行词之前，这种方法成为前置法。 （1）Seperating the real harassment from the benign behavior that seems to come with the territory. 译文：将真正的骚扰与那些看似天经地义的宽厚亲切举动区别开。 定语从句that seems to come with the territory修饰benign behavior，这个定语从句简单，内容易理解，故可采用前置法，使目标语读者更好地理解原文信息，
which引导的定语从句
关于which引导从句的小结： 关系代词which 一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语，既可引导限制性定语从句，又可引导非限制性定语从句。 1. 引导限制性定语从句 A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best. [ stock存货] 商店应存有最畅销的货物。 This is the family which is planning to move to the city 这是要搬进城里的一家。 2. 引导非限制性定语从句。 （1 ）用来指代一个句子。 Internet is so interesting, which makes all possible happen. 因特网是如此有趣，它使任何事都有可能发生。 （2 ）用来指代句子的一部分。 When deep in thought, which he often was, he would forget all around him. 他常常陷入沉思，这时他就会忘掉周围的一切。 （3 ）如果要引导两个非限制性定语从句，第二个which 前要加and. He bought a book, which was written by LuXun, and which he decided to give to his friend. 他买了本鲁迅写的书，他决定送给朋友。
练习1. [1. board董事会 2. data资料,数据 3. shareholder 【英】股东 4. on behalf of代表 5. guard保护] The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders. which的先行词是谁？ 译文：保护客户资料的能力是市场价值的关键，董事会代表股东对市场价值负有责任。 【难点小结：1.介词短语 2.which 的先行词 3. 非限制性定语从句有时要翻译成一句话】 例2. 【1.semiconductor半导体 2. casualty伤亡，灭亡，覆灭 3.< A sit at the heart of B> A是B的核心】
定语从句专项练习题及详解50题
定语从句专项练习题及详解50题 1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _______? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _______last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day ______I'll never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8.This is one of the best films _______. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10.The pen ______he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? A. who B. who's C. which D. whose 14.I'm interested in ______you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which 15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as 17.He is good at English, ______we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what 18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much. A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him 19.I don't like ______ as you read. A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels 20.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what 21.The letter is from my sister, ______is working in Beijing. A. which B. that C. whom D. who
定语从句最全面的知识点整理
定语从句整理 定语从句分为限定性和非限定性 1.定语从句修饰先行词 2.关系代词：that, who, whom, whose, which, as 关系副词：where, when, why 3.关系词在句中的作用1. 引导定语从句 2. 代替先行词3.在定语从句中担当一个成分 4.关系代词在从句中做主语或者宾语； 5.关系副词做状语，相当于：介词+which。 when是时间状语，where是地点状语，一些特殊先行词后面也用where，比如 point, situation, part, condition,case 表示到了某种地步，某种程度也用where. * where和when都可以换成介词+which，但是不是所有介词+which都可以换成where或者when。 *不是所有介词都可以放在which或者whom前面，一些动词短语比如：look for, look after，take care of turn in, pay attention to, depend on, listen to就不能拆开使用，且介词后面不能用who或者that 关于关系词的省略 1)who, whom, that, which, 做宾语时可省。 2)that做表语可省 be动词后 3)that做宾补可省 4)*关系副词when在time, year, day后面可省，也可换成that,但不 普遍 5)*关系副词where在place, 和anywhere, somewhere这种--where 的后面时候可以省略，也可换成that但不普遍 6)*关系副词why放在the reason后面，即可换成 for which, that 又可省略，此较普遍。但放在a reason后面可省，但貌似不可以换成that 7)the way后面可以用in which, that 也可省略 关于that 可以用that的情况； that 在定语从句中的功能非常多 1.可以代词关系代词 who, whom, which, 既可以做主语又可以做宾语，做宾语时可以省略；限从中可以说遇到关系代词就可以换成that， whose除外，因为whose的名词所有格（。。。的）whose= of which 2.关系副词why修饰the reason可换成that,也可省。 Notice:见到the reason不一定非要选why, 做宾语时候选which/that, 也可省。 3.that在某些特殊情况下代替 where， when但不普遍。 4.the way后面可以用in which, that 也可省略 必须用that的情况 (做宾语依旧可省） 1.先行词是不定代词 everything, anything, nothing, 等不定代词 *不含something 2.先行词被every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等限定词修饰 3.先行词被序数词修饰 the first, the second..... 4.先行词被最高级修饰 the best, the most 5.先行词被the very, the most修饰时
定语从句选择题
语法拓展训练单项填空 1. ______ is known to the world, China’s Liu Xiang became the first Asian in history to win the men’s 110m hurdles at the Olympic Games. A. That B. Which C. As D. It 2. Living in the Central American desert has its problems, ______ obtaining water is not the least. A. of which B. for what C. as D. whose 3. I don’t know the reason ______ you were absent from the meeting, but I am sure that someone will tell me the reason ______ you haven’t told me. A. why; that B. that; why C. because; which D. of which; that 4. When she came back from abroad, Lucy told us about the cities and the people ______ she had visited. A. that B. who C. where D. which 5. Because of the traffic jam ______ I was caught, I was late for the meeting. A. by which B. in which C. that D. where 6. There are three things ______ make Sydney famous, its beautiful harbor, the Sydney Harbor Bridge and the Sydney Opera House. A. what B. that C. when D. where 7. There is a teapot shaped like a Chinese duck, out of ______ mouth tea is supposed to come. A. which B. that C. its D. whose 8. The soldiers had to sleep in their wet clothes, ______ most uncomfortable.
where引导定语从句的用法
Where引导定语从句,先行词不一定都表 示地点 1、We will discuss a number of cases __ beginners of English fail to use the language preperly、A、which B、as C、why D、where 2、He was driving so fast as to get himself into a dangerous situation ___he is likely to lose the control over his car、 A、which B、as C、why D、where 两道题都选where ,但就是case, situation都不就是地点,如何理解？ 在“先行词不就是表示地点的名词”的前提下,如何判断就是否使用关系副词where来引导定语从句的问题就是一个高频考点。就就是说,关系副词where 所指代的先行词不只就是表示地点的名词。
用Where引导定语从句,先行词不一定都表示地点按照通常的理解,当where 引导定语从句时,它的先行词就就是表示地点的名词,但事实并不就是我们想象的那么简单。很多情况下,where所指代的先行词并不表示地点。请瞧以下几个例句: Other research, where siblings have been asked to say who their mother and father favor, suggests that mothers do tend to show a preference for their first-born son, but fathers often show great affection for their youngest daughters、 1、Remember that the best relationship is one where your love for each other is greater than your need for each other、请记住,最深的感情关系表现为彼此间的爱超过彼此间的需要。
高考英语定语从句单项选择题
高考英语定语从句单项选择题 1. His parents wouldn't let him marry anyone________ family was poor. A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose 2. She heard a terrible noise,_______ brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that 3. In the dark street, there wasn't a single person ____ she could turn for help. A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom 4. The weather turned out to be very good, _______ was more than we could expect. ^ A. what B. which C. that D. it 5. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town _____ he grew up as a child. A. which B. where C. that D. when 6. Carol said the work would be done by October, ___ personally I doubt very much. A. it B. that C. when D. which 7. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _____, of course, made the others unhappy. A. who B. which C. this D. what 8. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, ___ was very reasonable. 、 A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose 9. ____ has already been pointed out, grammar is not a set of dead rules. A. As B. It C. That D. Which 10. He lived in London for 3 months, during___ time he learned some English. A. this B. which C. that D. same 11. Oh the wall hung a picture, ____, color is blue. A. whose B. of which C. which D. its 12. Whenever I met him, ___ was fairly often, I like his sweet and hopeful smile. 》 A. what B. which C. that D. when 13. The visitor asked the guide to take his picture ____ stands the famous tower. A. that B. where C. which D. there 14. The boss ___ department Ms King worked ten years ago look down upon women. A. in which B. in that C. in whose D. whose 15. I don't like ___ you speak to her. A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which 16. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. ___ I got wet through. ' A. It's the reason B. That's why C. There's why D. It's how
定语从句练习
一、请分析一下定语从句：( 请划出定语从句，并标出先行词) 1. Check the ways you study for an English test. 2. Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar. 3. You couldn’t understand people who talked fast. 4. I have some ideas that may help. 5. They said something you didn’t like. 6. Can you think of any problems you have had recently? 8. He would always take pride in everything good I do. 9. My friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school. 10.What are some of the rules that a teenager should obey? 12.If you know anyone else who collects them, please tell me. 13.Standing very close to the person you are talking with is quite common in some countries. 14.If you know someone you know doing this, you can ask them. 15.All I ever wanted to do was traveling. 二、用关系代词填空：that 、which 、who、 whom 、whose 1.This is the man ________ wants to see you. 2.The student ___________ answered the question is Zhang Hua. 3.The man __________ you went to see has come. 4.The man ___________I met yesterday lent me some money. 5.The woman _______________ you saw is our geography teacher. 6.The runner ________________ you are asking about is over there. 7.The person ______________ you should write to is Mr. Ball. 8.The man ___________was passing by saw what happened. 9.Here is the pen _________ you lost the day before yesterday. 10.These books _____________ you lent me were very useful. 11.The storybook ____________ I have just read cannot be easily forgotten. 12.A clock is a machine ______ tells people the time. 13.This is shirt _______________I bought yesterday. 14.A dictionary is a book _____________ gives the meaning to the word. 15.The book____________is on the table is mine. 16.The film ____________ they are talking about is very interesting. 17.I will never forget the people and the places _____I have ever visited. 18.Is there anyone ____________ family is in Beijing? 19.Show me the boy ______________ mother is a well-known singer. 20.The boy______ father is a teacher is good at English. 三、单项选择 ( ) 1. Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady____ comes from Beijing. A. who B. which C. whom D. whose ( ) 2. What’s the name of the program________. A. which are listening B. you are listening to C. to that you are listening D. that you are listening ( ) 3. The students were all interested ____ you told them yesterday. A. in which B. in that this C. all that D. in everything ( ) 4. He was the only person in his office______ was invited.
浅谈定语从句
引导定语从句的有：关系代词who(whom, whose)，which, that和关系副词when, where, why等。例如： The girl who had lunch with me yesterday is my girl friend.昨天与我共进午餐的那个女孩是我的女朋友。(girl是先行词，who是关系代词) The book that(which)I am reading is very interesting.我正在看的这本书非常有趣。(book是先行词，that是关系代词) 现略谈一谈关系代词和关系副词的作用和用法，引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词在先行词和定语从句之间起联系作用，它们可以作定语从句的一个成分： 一、关系代词可以作定语从句的主语、宾语或定语。 1.who指人，是主格，在定语从句中作主语；whom是宾格，在定语从句中作宾语；whose是所有格，在定语从句中作定语。例如： (1)This is Uncle Li who mended computers for us.这就是为我们修电脑的李叔叔。 The student who(that)is playing with a yoyo is only seven.正在玩溜溜球的那个学生仅仅七岁。 (2) This is the man(whom)I met in Australian last month.这就是我上个月在澳大利亚遇见的那个人。 The soldier whom you want to see has already come.你要见的那名士兵已经来了。 (3)There is nobody here whose name is Gu Jianfei.这儿没有名叫顾剑飞的人。 My aunt whose photo I showed you yesterday will come to see us this evening.我姨妈今晚要来看我们，她的照片昨天我给你看过。 2.which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如： (1)Take the pencil which is lying on the desk.把课桌上的那支铅笔拿去。 We visited the Jade Buddha Temple, which is in the northwestern part of Shanghai.我们参观了玉佛寺，它在上海西北边。 (2)The factory which we visited yesterday is very famous in the world.我们昨天参观的那家工厂是全球闻名的。
定语从句(完整版)
定语从句 定语从句及相关术语 1.定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, whi ch, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。 注：关系代词有主语.宾语之分。一般whom作为宾语。 4.定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。主要由形容词担任。此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任．单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。 （一）限定性定语从句 一、关系代词（在句中作主语、宾语或定语） 1. that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语也可以省略。[eg：this is the book （which）you want。]而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置 2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢 3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括当先行词是anyt hing, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, muc h等修饰时等，这时的that常被省略还有先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,或先行词就是序数词或最高级时.以及先行词中既有人又有物时.还有句中前面有which时,都只能用that 4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语 5. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与of which 调换,表达的意思一样。 二、关系副词（在句中作状语） 关系副词=介词+关系代词 why=for which where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配) when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配) 1. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句。 2. when引导定语从句表示时间［注］值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导。 By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remembe r the first time I met her. Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessiti es, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc。
定语从句单选题
定语从句单选题 选定语从句引导词的步骤：①找出先行词②找出定语从句③确定从句少什么成分1．Herpin is one of the foreign expert who_____ in China. A. works B. is working C. are working D. has been working 2. Tom is the only one of the students who____ to Shanghai, A. have gone B. have been C. has been D. had gone 3. I, ___ your good friend, will try my best to help you out. A. who is B. who am C. that is D. which am 4. The old man has two sons ,___ are lawyers. A. both of them B. both of who C. both of whom D. both of they 5. Do you know the man____ just now? A. to who I nodded B. I nodded to C. whom I nodded D. whom I nodded to him 6. The man____ has gone to Japan. A. whom I told you B. that I told you C. whom I told you about him D. I told you about 7. All the apples ___ fell down from the tree were eaten up by the pigs. A. which B. / C. that D. they 8. I can tell you ___ he told me last week. A. all which B. all what C. that all D. all that 9. This is the biggest lab____ we have ever built in our university. A. which B. what C. that D. where 10. Air, ___ we breathe every day, is around us all the time, A. that B. / C. which D. what 11.This is the museum ____ we saw an exhibition the other day. A. that B. which C. where D. in that 12. This museum is ____ you visited the other day. A. that B. which C. where D. the one 13. It was in 1969 ___ the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon. A. that B. which C. in which D. when 14. We often think of the days ___ we spent together on the island A. when B. which C. in which D. during which 15. Have you ever been to Shanghai ____ I left ten years ago? A. where B. which C. that D. when Key: 1---5 CCBCB 6----10 DCDCC 11---15 CDABB