高中英语必修五第二单元知识点讲义及习题

必修五UNIT2 讲义

unite vi. & vt. 联合；团结

kingdom n. 王国

unit是单位，单元，有一个集合的概念，united是团结的，统一的，也是unite的过去分词，而union是unite这个动词的名词形式，意思比较广泛，有同盟；联合；工会的意思

I feel that women in all types of employment can benefit from joining a union

the United Kingdom (简写: the UK 英国)

the United States （简写：the US 美国）

the United Nation (简写：the UN 联合国)

注意union不要看成onion（洋葱）

consist vi. 组成；在于；一致

consist of 由……组成

consist of意为“由……组成；由……构成”，相当于be made up of

consist of主表被，无进行时态。

This club consists of 600 members. = This club is made up of 600 members.

make up(高考四大意思)

组成，构成This made up 15% of their total income.

编造,捏造The message is not true. She made it up

弥补,补偿They'll do all they can to make up the economic losses.

打扮；化妆；化装She made up for the part of an old woman.

province n. 省；行政区

divide…into 把……分成(重点句型：be divided into 把....分成若干份)

He divided the apple into halves.

The apple was divided into halves.

be separated from (把.....隔离，分离，分开)

Please separate good apples from bad ones.

Many lovers will be separated from each other forever after their university graduation.

Wales 威尔士（英）

Scotland 苏格兰（英）

Northern Ireland 北爱尔兰（英）

Britain(英国)，我们中国人也别称英伦三岛，.指英国不列颠岛上的三部分，即：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士，再加上爱尔兰的北部地区（爱尔兰除北部地区后来独立了，单独做一个国家）。无论从种族和历史上说，其实苏格兰和英格兰都不是一回事。苏格兰人的祖先和爱尔兰人一样是凯尔特人，说的是来自凯尔特文明的古老语言，这种语言至今在苏格兰都是官方语言。公元843年，苏格兰地区的一个国王完成了各个苏格兰部落的统一大业，建立了真正意义上的苏格兰王国。那时候，盎格鲁·撒克逊人还在不列颠岛的南部地区

大部分英格兰人就是盎格鲁撒克逊人，“英格兰”（England）一词即“盎格兰”的谐音，意思是盎格鲁人（Angel）的土地（Land），英语（English）就是盎格鲁人的语言的意思。

总结：1，爱尔兰是一个独立的国家

2，北爱尔兰、苏格兰、威尔士、英格兰属于英国的四个不同地区，都是英国的领土。

3，我们平时所说的英国全称是：大不列颠和北爱尔兰联合王国。

4，苏格兰、威尔士、英格兰属于不列颠岛，北爱尔兰、爱尔兰属于爱尔兰岛。

clarify vt. 澄清，讲清楚；阐明（此单词为两个意思，应注意）

clarify one’s position 阐明某人的立场

clarify a problem/situation澄清问题/立场

She clarified her position on the issue.

She asked him to clarify what he meant.

accomplish vt. 完成；达到；实现

近义词: finish/achieve/complete/fulfill

I study hard in order to accomplish my purpose.

You must accomplish the task within the limited time.

accomplishment n. 成就，完成。

conflict n. 矛盾；冲突

The two companies came into conflict.

He held the opinions which usually conflicted with my own

unwilling adj. 不愿意（的）；不乐意（的）

be willing/unwilling to do sth.

will：意愿，意志；毅力；遗嘱

break away (from) 挣脱（束缚）；脱离

The prisoner broke away from his guards.

break through 突破；克服break in 闯入；插话，打断

break up 分解；绝交；破裂；结束break out（战争）爆发；（火灾）突然发生

break into 闯入break down （机器）出故障；失败；使分解；（身体）垮掉

credit n. 信任；学分；赞扬；信贷

to one’s credit 为……带来荣誉；值得赞扬；在……名下

currency n. 货币；通货(此单词考的少，大多数考current，但意思不一样) The Japanese yen is one of the strongest currencies in the world.

current adj.现时的,当前的;现行的

Our current methods of production are out of style.

institution n. 制度；机制；公共机构

△educational adj. 教育的

convenience n. 便利；方便（名词没什么考点，主要是convenient一个地方必须注意）

我们造一个句子：你什么时候方便的时候请来这里一下，大多数同学都会翻译成：

Come here please whenver you are convenient.(这句话大错特错)

实际上convenient牵涉到一个句型为：It's convenient for sb to do sth 对某人来说方便做某事。所以该句翻译为：Come here please whenver it’s convenient for you.一定要用到it形式主语。

rough adj. 粗糙的；粗暴的；粗略的

roughly adv. 粗略地；粗糙地

Our mother’s hands were quite rough from years of housework.

I've got a rough idea of what he looks like through your description.

He was roughly the same age as myself.

It has been snowing, roughly every second day,

nationwide adj. 全国性的；全国范围的（worldwide：世界范围的）

The rising number of crimes is a nationwide problem.

attract vt. 吸引；引起注意

△historical adj. 历史（上）的；

有关历史的

architecture n. 建筑学；建筑艺术

△Roman n. (古)罗马人

adj. （古）罗马的

collection n. 收藏品；珍藏；收集

administration n. 管理；行政部门

administration的主要含义是“行政管理，政府等”；management的含义比前者更广，它可以指“包括企业管理在内的各种管理、经营”等。

Head teachers are more involved in administration than in teaching.

当然经常打在线对战游戏的同学们经常会碰到administration的缩写：admin，意思为网管，权限的意思。

port n. 港口（城市）（passport：护照; transport：运输）

Viking n. 北欧海盗；斯堪的纳维亚人

countryside n. 乡下；农村

enjoyable adj. 令人愉快的；使人高兴的

leave out 省去；遗漏；不考虑（高考重点词组）

You’ve left out the most important word in this sentence.

opportunity n. 机会；时机

description n. 描写；描述describe v.

fax n. 传真（机）

vt. 用传真传输（文件）

possibility n. 可能（性）

plus prep. 加上；和

adj. 加的；正的；零上的

quarrel n. 争吵；争论；吵架

vi. 争吵；吵架

alike adj. 相同的；类似的

take the place of 代替

arrange vt. 筹备；安排；整理（名词为arrangement）

Who will arrange their wedding?

It was arranged that they were going to leave for Paris the following spring.

wedding n. 婚礼

fold vt. 折叠；对折（unfold：展开）

sightseeing n. 观光；游览

delight n. 快乐；高兴；喜悦

vt. 使高兴；使欣喜

royal adj. 王室的；皇家的；高贵的（loyal：忠诚的）

uniform n. 制服

splendid adj. 壮丽的；辉煌的；极好的

statue n. 塑像；雕像

longitude n. 经线；经度（纬线：latitude）

imaginary adj. 想象中的；假想的；虚构的

navigation n. 导航；航行(名词为navigate)

communism n. 共产主义community：社区

马克思的共产主义的原意是一种社会公共联合体和自治体（community）,中文当中的“共产”的翻译很不恰当,我们对于马克思的理解也很局限.因而我觉得将communism译作公共主义比较好，共产党员就是communist。

original adj. 最初的；原始的；

独创的；新颖的

thrill vt. 使兴奋；使恐惧（注意是两个意思）

pot n. 罐；壶

error n. 错误；过失；谬误

tense n. 时态

consistent adj. 一致的(be consistent with … 与……一致，与……相符)

When people referred to the most famous band in this city, they always mentioned FORCE, which consisted of 5 members. They attracted the young so much that no one could take the place of them in the field of rock music. After they became famous, their manager arranged a great many performances on different occasions for them, leaving out the possibility that they might break down. Unwilling to work like this, Peter, the leading singer of the band, tried to talk

with the manager to have some of the unaccomplished performances cancelled. However, there was a divide/division between them. It was a pity that Peter decided to break away from FORCE . To their credit, neither did the remaining members break up the band nor they stopped trying to persuade Peter to return when it was convenient for them to do so. At last Peter was moved. His return delighted all people knowing them, and their new album was available two months later. (翻译出来！)

refer to ①查阅; 参考（宾语不是要查找的具体内容,二十可能包含要查找内容的工具材料等,如地图、书籍、词典等; look up宾语才是要查找的具体内容.）

You can refer to the telephone directory for his number.

②谈到; 提及 e.g.: Don't refer to this matter again, please.

take the place of 代替(动词短语做谓语) =replace

Nowadays plastics have taken the place of many conventional metal materials.

Nowadays plastics have replaced many conventional metal materials.

in place of 代替(介词短语) =instead of

We use gas in place of coal in cooking.

Our monitor is away. I am action in place of him.

必须要注意take place为不及物动词，没有被动语态 1.发生（可预见性） 2.举行，举办

Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years.

The Olympic Games of 2008 took place in Beijing.=

The Olympic Games of 2008 was held in Beijing.

delight

n. 欣喜,愉快

To our delight, our football team won. She ran back home with delight.

vt. 使高兴The clown delighted the audience.

delighted adj. 高兴的,欣喜的be delighted at sth be delighted to do sth

We were delighted to read your novel.

I'm delighted that you're back.

happy是最普通的词,就相当于汉语的“高兴,开心”；pleased偏向于“满意、欣慰”,而delighted 则显得偏文语。

available adj. (常作表语，没有固定意思，在文章当中随文而翻) 下面仔细品味我的翻译技巧

1.可利用的,在手边的;可利用的

The swimming pool is available only in summer. 这个游泳池只在夏天开放.

2. 可得到的,可买到的

Is there any water available around here? 附近有没有水卖呢？

TV sets are available in any department stores. 电视机在任何商场都有出售

3. 有效的This film ticket is no longer available.这张电影票不再有效.