2014年职称英语理工B真题及答案

2014年职称英语理工B真题及答案

第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)

下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

1.After wards there was just a feeling of let-down

A. excitement

B. anger

C. chalm

D. disappointment

2.The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation

A.copy

B. furnish

C. publish

D. summariza

3.The curriculum was too narrow and too rigid

A.hidden

B.inflexible

C.traditiona

D.official

4.He led a very moral life

A.honourable

B.human

C.intelligent

D.natural

5.The majority of people around here are decent

A.real

B.honest

C.normal C.wealthy

6.His knowledge of French is fair

A.very useful

B.very limited

C.quite good

D.rather special

7.The group does not advocate the use of violence

A.limit

B.regalate

C.support

D.oppose

8.The worst agonies of the war were now beginning

A. pains

B. parts

C. aspects

D. results

9.It was a magic night until the spell was broken

A.time

B.clarm

C.space

D.opportunity

10.They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present system

A. prove

B. discover

C. consider

D. imagine

A.cleaned

B.replaced

C.broken

D.fixed

12.She felt that she had done her good deed for the day

A. homework

B. act

C. justice

D. model

13.London quickly became a flourishing port

A.major

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6111902515.html,rge

C.successful

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6111902515.html,mercial

14.His professional career spanned 16 years

A.stareed

B.changed

C.moved

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6111902515.html,sted

15.His stomach felt hollow with fear

A. empty

B. sincere

C. respectful

D. terrible

答案：DBBAB CCABB CBCDA

第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C

So Many "Earths"

The Milky Way（银河） contains billions of Earth-sized planets that could support life.That's the finding of new study.It draws on data that came from NASA's top planet-hunting telescope.

A mechanical failure recently put that Kepter space telescope out of service.Kepler had played a big role in creating a census of planets orbiting some 170,000 stars. Its date have been helping astronomers predict how common planets are in our galaxy.The telescope focused on hunting planets that might have conditions similar to those on Earth.

The authors of a study published in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences conclude that between 14 and 30 out of every 100 stars with a mass and temperature similar to the Sun may host a planet that could support life as we know it.Such a planet would have a diameter at least as large as Earth's but no more than twice that big.The planet also would have to orbit in a stor's habitable zone. That's where the surface temperature would allow any water to exist as liquid.

The new estimate of how many plantes might fit these conditions comes from studying more that 42,000 stars and identifying suitable worlds orbiting them.The scientists used those numbers to extrapolate（推算） to the rest of the stars that the telescope could not see.

The estimate is rough，the authors admit. If applied to the solar system，it would define as habitable a zone starting as close ot the Sun as Venus and running to as far away as Mars. Neither planet is Earthlike（although either might have been in the distant pase）. Using tighter limits

Four out of every 100 sunlike stars doesn't sound like a big number. It would mean however that the Milky Way could host more than a billion Earth-sized planets with a chance for life.

16. The Kepler space telescpe has been in service for 15 years

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

17.The main task of the Kepler space telescope is to find out planets with similar conditions to Earth's.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

18.The planet that could support life might be a little bit smaller than Earth.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

19.The Earth is a planet orbiting in the Sun's habitable zone.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

20.The new finding is based on a thorough study of 170,000 stars on the Milky Way.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

21.The estimate of the number of planets that could support life is not very accurate.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

22.This is the first research finding about the planets with a chance for life.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

答案：CABABAC

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23—30题，每题1分，共8分)

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

Climate Change：The Long Reach

1 Earth is warming Sea levels are rising. There's more carbon in the air and Arictic ice is melting faster than at any time in recorded history. Scientists who study the environment to better gauge（评估） Earth's future climate now argue that these changes may not reverse for a very long time.

2 People burn fossil fuels like coal and oil for energy. That burning releases carbon dioxide，

long-term climate impacts could last thousands of years—and be more severe than scientists had been expecting.Climatologist Richard Zeebe of the University of Hawaii at Manoa offers this conclusion in a new paper.

3 Most climate-change studies look at what's going to happen in the next century or so.During that time，changes in the planet's environment could nudge（推动）global warming even higher.For example：Snow and ice reflect sunlight back into space.But as these melt，sunlight can now reach—and warm—the exposed ground.This extra heat raises the air temperature evenmore，causing even more snow to melt.This type of rapid exaggeration of impacts is called a fast feedback.

4 Zeebe says it's important to look at fast feedbacks.However he adds，they're limited. From

a climate change perspective，“This century is the most important time for the next few generations，”he told Science Nwes.“But the world is not ending in 2100.”For his new study，Zeebe now focuses on“slow feedbacks.”While fast feedback events unfold over decades or centuries，slow feedbacks can take thousands of years. Melthing of continetal ice sheets and migration of plant life—as they relocate to more comfortable areas—are two examples of slow feedbacks.

5 Zeebe gathered information from previously published studies investigating how such processes played out over thousands of years during past dramatic changes in climate.Then he came up with a forecast for the future that accounts for both slow and fast feedback processes.Climate forecasts that use only fast feedbacks predict a 4.5 degree Celsius（8.1 degree Fahrenheit）change by the year 3000.But slow feedbacks added another1.5℃—for a 6°total increase, Zeebe reports.He also found that slow feedbacks events will cause global warming to persist for thousands of years after people run out of fossil fuels to burn.

23. Paragraph 2 _____B______

24. Paragraph 3 _____C______

25. Paragraph 4 _____D______

26. Paragraph 5 _____F______

A. Rising of sea levels

B. Impact of burning fossil fuels

C. Fast feedbacks

D. Slow feedbacks

E. Unpredictability of feedback processes

F.A prediction of future climate change

27. Arctic ice has never been melting so fast in ____D_______.

29. Zeebe came up with his future climate prediction by analyzing ___E________.

30. After fossil fuels are used up, global warming will continue for ___B________.

A. the exposed ground

B. a very long time

C. the extra heat

D. recorded history

E. previously published studies

F. rapid exaggeration of impacts

第4部分：阅读理解(第31—45题，每题3分，共45分)

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇 Eye-tracker Lots You Drag and Drop Files with a Glance

Bored of using a mouse? Soon you'll be able to change stuff on your computer screen –and then move it directly onto your smartphone or tablet(平板电脑) –with nothing more than a glance.

A system called EyeDrop uses a head-mounted eye tracker that simultaneously records your field of view so it knows where you are looking on the screen. Gazing at an object – a photo, say –and then pressing a key, selects that object. It can then be moved from the screen to a tablet or smartphone just by glancing at the second device, as long as the two are connected wirelessly.

"The beauty of using gaze to support this is that our eyes naturally focus on content that we want to acquire, "says Jayson Turner, who developed the system with colleagues at Lancaster University, UK.

Turner believes EyeDrop would be useful to transfer an interactive map or contact information from a public display to your smartphone or for sharing photos.

A button needs to be used to select the object you are looking at otherwise you end up with the "Midas touch"(点石成金) effect, whereby everything you look at gets selected by your gaze, says Turner. "Imagine if your mouse clicked on everything it pointed at," he says.

Christian Holz, a researcher in human-computer interaction at Yahoo Labs in Sunnyvale, California, says the system is a nice take on getting round this fundamental problem of using gaze-tracking to interact. "EyeDrop solves this in a slick (灵巧的)way by combining it with input on the touch devices we carry with us most of the time anyway and using touch input as a clutching mechanism," he says. "This now allows users to seamlessly(无缝地) interact across devices far and close in a very natural manner."

Swedish firm Tobii is developing gaze-tracking technology that can be installed in laptops and tablets and is expected to be available to buy next year. And the Google Glass headset is expected to include eye-tracking in the future.

Turner says he has also looked at how content can be cut and pasted or drag-and-dropped using a mix of gaze and taps on a touch screen. The system was presented at the Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia in Sweden, last week.

31. The eye-tracker technology enables us to______

A. change our computer screen.

B. focus on anything that interests us.

C. get a smartphone connected wirelessly.

D. move an object from screen with a glance.

32. Why is a button needed?

A. To minimize the cost of EyeDrop.

B. To choose as many objects as possible.

C. To make EyeDrop different from others.

D. To select what we want.

33. The word “this” in Paragraph 6 refers to_______

A. application of gaze-tracking in human-computer interaction.

B. interaction between human and computer.

C. combination of gaze-tracking with input on touch devices.

D. generalization of EyeDrop system.

34. Which of the following statement is true of eye-trackers for consumer devices.

A. They are costly.

B. They are available.

C. They are installed in Google Glass headset.

D. They are expected to come out soon.

A. How to drag and drop with gaze and taps.

B. How to present the system in public.

C. How to get touch screen involved.

D. How to cut and paste content from a public display.

答案：DDCDC

第二篇 The Mir Space Station

The Russian Mir Space Station, which came down in 2001 at last after 15 years of pioneering the concept of long-term human space flight, is remembered for its accomplishments in the human space flight history. It can be credited with many firsts in space.

The Soviet Union launched Mir, which was designed to last from three to five years, on February 20, 1986, and housed 104 astronauts over 12 years and seven months, most of whom were not Russian. In fact, it became the first international space station by playing host to1 62 people from 11 countries. From 1995 through 1998, seven astronauts from the United States took turns living on Mir for up to six months each2. They were among the 37 Americans who visited the station during nine stopovers by space shuttles.

The more than 400 million the United States provided Russian for the visits not only kept Mir operating, but also gave the Americans and their partners in the international station project valuable experience in long-term flight and multinational operations.

A debate continues over Mir’s contributions to science. During its existence, Mir was the laboratory for 23,000 experiments and earned scientific equipment, estimated to be worth $80 million, from many nations.3 Experiments on Mir arc credited with a range of findings, from the first solid measurement of the ration of heavy helium atoms in space to how to grow wheat in space. But for those favouring human space exploration, Mir showed that people could live and work in space long enough for a trip to Mars. The longest single stay in space is the 437.7 days that Russian astronaut Valery Polyakov spent on Mir from 1994 to 1995. And Sergie Avdeyev accumulated 747.6 days in space in three trips to the space station. The longest American stay was that of Shannon Lucid4, who spent 188 days aboard Mir in 1996.

Despite the many firsts Mir accomplished, 1997 was a bad year out of 15 for Mir, In 1997, an oxygen generator caught fire. Later, the main computer system broke down, causing the station to drift several times and there were power failures.

Most of these problems were repaired, with American help and suppliers, but Mir’s reputation as a space station was ruined.

Mir’s setbacks arc nothing, though5, when we compare them with its accomp lishments. Mir was a tremendous success, which will be remembered as a milestone in space exploration and the space station that showed long-term human habitation in space was possible. But it’s time to move on

36. We can learn from the passage that the Mir Space Station

A. was designed to last over 5 years.

B. played host to 7 astronauts from different countries.

C. was visited only by Americans.

D. was built by Russians.

37. One of the contributions Mir makes to science is that, it

A. help astronauts get close to Mars.

B. enables scientists to develop new scientific equipment.

C. sets a record of the longest single human stay in space.

D. shows that multinational operations in space are less expensive.

38. What happened to Mir in 1997?

A. it ran out its fund.

B. it was completely damaged by fire.

C. its reputation was ruined due to power failures.

D. its main computer system broke out.

39. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that

A. space exploration will not experience setbacks.

B. it is difficult for other space stations exceed Mir’s success.

C. Mir is the best long-term human habitation in space in history.

D. multinational space operation are getting more accomplishments.

40. What is the author’s attitude toward Mir?

A. indifferent.

B. ironic.

D. negative

答案：DCDDC

第三篇 Approaches to Understanding Intelligences

It bays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the same way .You may be a talented musician, but you might not be a good reader. Each of us is different.

Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal

abilities .Psychologists have two different views on intelligence .Some believe there is one general intelligence .Others believe there are many different intelligences .

Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests .These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests .They do well on tests using words, numbers or pictures. They do well on individual or group tests, and written or oral tests .Those who do poorly on one test, do the same on all tests.

Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence .The brain of intelligence people use less energy during problem solving .The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction .Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain .

Howard Gardner, a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education, has four children .He believes that all children are different and shouldn’t be tested by one intelligence test .Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists, he doesn’t think it tells much abou t the talents of a person outside of formal schooling .He think that the human mind has different intelligences .These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life .Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences .Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences .

Gardner says that his theory is based on biology .For example ,when one part of the Brain is injured ,other parts of the brain still work .People who cannot talk because of Brain damage can still sing .So ,there is not just one intelligence to lose .Gardner has Identified 8 different kinds of intelligence; linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, Interpersonal, intrapersonal, body-kinesthetic(身体动觉的),and naturalistic .

41. What is the main idea of this passage?

A. How to understand intelligence.

B. The importance of intelligence.

C. The development of intelligence tests.

D. How to become intelligent.

A. Most intelligent people do well on some intelligence tests.

B. People doing well on one type of intelligence test do well on other tests.

C. Intelligent people do not do well on group tests.

D. Intelligent people do better on written tests than on oral tests.

43. Gardner believes that ________.

A. children have different intelligences.

B. all children are alike.

C. children should take one intelligence test.

D. there is no general intelligence.

44. According to Gardner, schools should ________.

A. test students’ IQs.

B. train students who do poorly on tests.

C. focus on finding the most intelligent students.

D. promote development of all intelligences.

45. Gardner thinks that his theory has a ________ .

A. musical foundation.

B. biological foundation.

C. intrapersonal foundation.

D. linguistic foundation.

答案：ABADB

第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)

下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

The Day a Language Died

to hear the songs of the Catawba can contact the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., where, back in the 1940s, Red Thunder Cloud recorded a series of songs for future generations.（ 46 ）They are all that is left of the Catawba language. The language that people used to speak is gone forever.

We are all aware of the danger that modern industry can cause the world’s ecology（生态）.However, few people are aware of the impact widely spoken languages have on other languages and ways of life. English has spread all over the world. Chinese, Spanish, Russian, and Hindi have become powerful languages as well. As these languages become more powerful, their use as tools of business and culture increases. As well,（ 47 ）When this happens, hundreds of languages that are spoken by only a few die out.

Scholars believe there are around 6,000 languages around the world, but more than half of them could die out within the next 100 years. There are many examples, Araki is a native language of the island of Vanuatu, located in the Pacific Ocean. It is spoken by only a few older adults，so like Catawba，Araki will soon disappear. Many languages of ethiopia will have the same fate because each one has only a few speakers. （ 48 ）In the Americas, 100 languages, each of which has fewer than 300 speakers, are dying out.

Red Thunder Cloud was one of the first to recognize the danger of language death and to try to do something about it. He was not actually born into the Catawba tribe, and the language was not his mother tongue.（ 49 ）. The songs he sang for the Smithsonian Institution helped to make Native American music popular. Now he is gone, and the language is dead.

What does it mean for the rest of us when a language disappears? When a plant insect or animal species dies, it is easy to understand what has been lost and to for the balance of the natural word. However, language is only a product of the mind. To be the last remaining speaker of a language，like Red Thunder，must be a peculiarly lonely destiny, almost as strange and terrible as being the last surviving member of a dying species. （ 50 ）

A .Some people might want to learn some of these songs by hearts.

B .Papus New Guines is an extremely rich source of different language，but more than 100 of them are in danger of extinction（灭绝）.

C .However，he was a frequent visitor to the Catawba reservation in South Carcinoma where he learned the language.

D .There languages don’t have many native speakers.

E .For the rest of us, when a language dies, we lose the possibility of a unique way of seeing and describing the world.

F .As these languages become more powerful, their use as tools of business and culture increase.

答案：AFBCE

第6部分：完型填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)

Underground Coal Fires—— a Looming Catastrophe

Coal burning deep underground in China, India and Indonesia is threatening the environment and human life, scientists have warned, these large-scale underground blazes cause the ground temperature to heat up and kill surrounding vegetation, produce greenhouse gases and can even ignite forest first, a panel of scientists told the annual meeting of the American Association For the Advancement of Science in Denver. The resulting release of poisonous elements like arsenic and mercury can also pollute local water sources and soils, they warned.

“Coal fires are a global catastrophe,” said Associate Professor Glenn Stracher of East Georgia College in Swainsboro, USA, But surprisingly few people know about them.

Coal can heat up on its own, and eventually catch fire and burn, if there is a continuous oxygen supply. The heat produced is not cause to disappear and under the right combinations of sunlight and oxygen, can trigger spontaneous catching fire and burning. This can occur underground, in coal stockpiles, abandoned mines or even as coal is transported. Such fires in China consume up to200 million tones of coal per year, delegates were told. In comparison, the U.S. economy consumes about one billion tones of coal annually, said Stracher, whose analysis of the likely impact of coal fires has been accepted for publication in the International Journal of Coal Ecology.Once underway, coal fires can burn for decades, even centuries. In the process, they release large volumes of greenhouse gases poisonous fumes and black particles into the atmosphere.

The members of the panel discussed the i mpact these fires may be having on global and regional climate change, cand agreed that the underground nature of the fires makes them difficult to detect.

Ultimately, the remote sensing and other techniques should allow scientists to estimate how much carbon dioxide these fires are emitting. One suggested method of containing the fires was presented by Gary Colaizzi, of the engineering firm Goodson, which has developed a heat-resistant grout(a thin mortar used to fill cracks and crevices), which is designed to be pumped into the coal fire to cut off the oxygen supply.

51.A house B underground C sky D water

52.A only B even C just D then

53.A release B paste C consumption D elimination

54.A happily B traditionally C surprisingly D fashionably

55.A exchange B regenerate C disappear D transfer

56.A Most B Such C Some D Many

57.A comparison B case C time D turn

58.A which B who C whose D what

60.A data B volumes C figures D images

61.A attack B impact C identification D implication

62.A develop B relieve C detect D supply

63.A estimate B experiment C gather D illustrate

64.A cause B method C treatment D rule

65.A take up B back up C run out D cut off

DBBAB CCABB CBCDA CABAB ACBCD FDAEB DDCDC DCDDC ABADB AFBCE BBACC BACDB B C ABD

职称英语考试真题及答案

2016职称英语考试真题及答案 第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题l分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有下划线，请为每处下划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1、Have you talked to her?lately? https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6111902515.html,stly B.finally C.shortly D.recently 2、 About?one quarter of?the workers in the country are employed in factories. A.third B.fourth C.tenth D.fifteenth 3、 The dentist has decided to?extract?her bad tooth. A.take out B.repair C.push in D.dig 4、 We shall keep the money in a?secure?place. A.clean

B.secret C.distant D.safe 5、 This table is strongand?durable. A.long-lasting B.extensive C.far reaching D.eternal 6、 He endured agonies before he finally?expired. A.fired B.resigned C.died D.retreated 7、 There are only five minutes left, but the?outcome?of the match is still in doubt. A.result B.judgement C.estimation D.event 8、 The great changes of the city?astonished?every visitor to that city A.attacked

2021年职称英语查词典的技巧

职称英语查词典的技巧 职称英语是闭卷考，但允许考生携带词典进入考场。关于词典，国家有明确的规定，以下词典不允许带入考场： 有职称字样的词典不要带入考场; 针对职称英语考试编写的词典不能带入考场; 电子出版物，即电子词典不能带入考场。 其它的词典国家没有明确的规定。因此建议尽量选择具备同义词、收词量相对较大的词典。 此外，能否取胜职称英语，掌握查词典的技巧，尤其是合理分配查词典的时间也是很关键的。 在以往的`考试中，很多考生把词典当成“救命稻草”，抱着一大堆各种类型的词典进考场。但往往不是多数词典派不上用场，就是因为翻词典而浪费了大量的时间无法做完 ___，因此，建议:要有针对性地带词典。例如针对英语考试中的第一部分词汇题，老师建议考生带一本同义词词典或双解词典，这类词典的特点是用几个同义词注解某一英文单词，考生可以非常方便地在注解中找到答案。

其次，为了节省时间，考生最好是带自己经常使用、习惯了其编排规律的词典。在以往的考试中，甚至有少数考生对英语词典中字母表排列顺序的规律都不了解，这等于把这一得力工具浪费了。 综上所述，带一本自己常用的，正规的双解词典就好了，因为是去参加考试，不是去翻字典。 对于词汇选择题，最好从B、C两个选项查起。根据美国权威机构通过对标准化考试的研究与分析，选择题的4个选项中，B、C两个选项是正确答案的可能性更高。从这2个选项查起，更能节约考试时间。 重点查阅单词的常用解释。单词与汉语一样，一个单词可能同时有好几个解释，但是职称英语考试中一般都只会考察单词的常用意思，因此有多个解释的单词只需查阅其前三个解释即可。 一旦将答案确定，不要再查询其它单词，以免浪费时间。有些考生希望能确认或是不太肯定所选择答案，往往就把4个选项均查询了一遍，不仅浪费了时间，也可能将原本的正确答案修改了，第一感觉是很重要的!

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2016年职称英语考试理工类A级真题 第1部分:词汇选项(第1——15题,每题1分,共15分下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线,请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1.The revelation of his past led to his resignation. A.imagination B.confirmation C.recall D.disclosure 2.Jensen is a dangerous man,and can be very brutal. A.careless B.Cruel C.strong D.hard 3.You’ll have to sprint if you want to catch the train. A.jump B.escape C.run D.prepare 4.We are worried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty.

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