最新中外文化差异对商务礼仪的影响
中英文化差异对国际商务礼仪的影响
摘要
随着世界经济一体化的迅速发展，国际商务合作越来越多。在国际商务合作中国际商礼仪每时每刻都在发生。来自不同文化背景的商务人员有着不同的价值观和思维方式，从而有着不同的交流方式以及不同的行为。这就意味着如果你想要在国际商务中获得成功，就必须了解各国的文化并识别出国际商务活动中的文化差异。
本文主要介绍了中英文化差异，以及此差异在国际商务礼仪中的影响，以及今后如何对待这种差异。在国际商务礼仪中主要介绍了交换名片的差异，赠送礼物的差异，思维习惯差异。此差异主要对商务谈判有重要的影响，可能引起谈判中的误解，以致谈判破裂。最后以商务谈判为例，在认识和接受文化差异的同时，要尽量淡化文化差异，这对跨文化国际商务合作的成功是非常重要的。比如，在跨文化商务谈判中，谈判者应该接纳对方的文化，并努力使自己被接受；需要借助有效的沟通，在不损害双方利益的前提下做出正确的评价。在认识和接受文化差异的同时，要尽量淡化文化差异，这对于跨文化国际商务的成功是非常重要的。
关键词：文化差异，国际商务礼仪，影响，跨文化策略
The Influences of Chinese-British Cultural Differences on International Business Protocol
Abstract
With the rapid development of the economic integration all over the world, international business cooperation become much more than before. Of course, the international business protocol which is one of the essential parts of the international trade occurs every moment, everywhere. However, different cultural backgrounds influence the progress of the negotiation. Negotiators from different cultural backgrounds have different values and thinking modes, so that they have different communication styles. It means that if you want to succeed in international business contracts, you must know the culture of all the countries and recognize the cultural differences in the international business activities.
To some extent, culture decides the result of business etiquette. And this paper mainly analyzes cultural differences between China and English, introduces the impacts in business etiquette, and provides some recommendations which can help them overcome cultural obstacles and achieve more success in the business negotiation. For example, in the cross-cultural business negotiation, negotiators should accept the other parties’ culture, and try hard to make others accept themselves. It needs the help of effective communication, without prejudice to the interests of both sides to make a correct evaluation of
the premise. It is very important for the success of cross-culture negotiation that in the understanding and acceptance of cultural differences, we should try to play down the cultural differences.
Keywords: Cultural difference; international business protocol; strategy
Contents
Abstract................................................................................................................ I Contents............................................................................................................... I I Chapter1 Introduction (1)
Chapter2 Literature Review (2)
2.1 A brief introduction to culture (2)
2.2 A brief introduction to international business protocol (3)
Chapter3 Cultural Differences (4)
3.1 The cultural differences in exchanging business cards (4)
3.2 The cultural differences in making appointments and greeting (5)
3.2.1 Initial contacts and appointments (5)
3.2.2 Greeting customs (6)
3.3. The cultural differences in giving gifts (7)
3.4 Differences in habits and thinking modes (9)
Chapter4 Influence of Cultural Differences (11)
4.1 The culture differences may cause business negotiation cracked .. 11
4.2 The culture difference can cause misunderstanding (12)
4.3 The culture difference can cause culture shock (14)
Chapter5 How to Treat the Cultural Differences (15)
Chapter6 Conclusion (19)
Bibliography (20)
Acknowledgements (21)
Chapter1 Introduction
With the development of globalization and China’s WTO entry, Chinese enterprises have more chances to attend international economic activities. In recent years, the trade cooperation between China and Britain has viewed an ever faster development, and since 2006, China and Britain has become the second largest trade partner each side.
However, the cultural differences between the two sides have made a further impact on the development of bilateral trade cooperation. Chinese negotiators sometimes feel very uncomfortable and puzzled because of different customs, values and behaviors performed by the British negotiators; meanwhile, the British negotiators also confront the same problem. Therefore, understanding the cultural differences becomes the main point in business negotiations between China and Britain.
With the hope of providing suggestions for Chinese enterprises to carry on business negotiation, this essay analyses the cultural differences between China and Britain according to Edward T. Hall’s Cultural Dimensions and Hofstede’s Values Dimension such as high context and low context, collectivism and individualism and so on.
Chapter2 Literature Review
In order to better understand the influences of Chinese-British cultural differences on international business protocol, it is necessary to learn about the definition of culture and international business protocol.
2.1 A brief introduction to culture
What’s culture? Culture involves learned and shared behaviors, norms, values, and material objects, and it also encompasses what humans create to express values, attitudes, and norms. Obviously it’s very hard to give culture a rightful and comprehensive definition. Edward Hall (1966), a key researcher into culture, once defined culture as those deep, common, unstated experiences which members of a given culture share, which they communicate without knowing, and which form the backdrop against which all other events are judged. And Charles Mitchell (1999) gave a more formal and common definition: Culture is a set of learned core values, beliefs, standards, knowledge, morals, laws, and behaviors shared by individuals and societies that determines how an individual acts, feels and view oneself and others. And Linda Beamer and Iris Varner (2001) defined culture: Culture is the coherent, learned, shared view of a group of people about life’s concerns that ranks what is import, furnishes, attitudes about what things are appropriate, and dictates behavior.
Culture dominates our values, actions and behaviors. Each nation has its own culture and the difference between Chinese and British cultures is very distinct, so it’s very necessary for Chinese negotiators to know about British culture.
2.2 A brief introduction to international business protocol
Compared with the definition of culture, the definition of international business protocol is much easier to understand. Etiquette refers to manners and behaviors considered acceptable in social and business situations (Chaney & Martin, 2000).
Etiquette and customs vary not only by country but by regions or locations within a country. Religious backgrounds and ethic identities may account for some differences in customs. Your ability to adapt to the etiquette and customs of each culture will, to a large extent, determines the success of your intercultural encounters. When, if at all, do you bow? And what is the appropriate bow? When, if at all, do you touch members of the opposite sex? These and other questions need to be asked and answered so that you can fashion your behavior to meet the needs of each culture.
Proper international business protocol includes learning cultural variations in making introductions, invitations and appointments, greeting and exchanging business cards, recognizing position and status male /female relationships, dining practices and special foods and consumption taboos, tipping etiquette, giving gifts, and travelling. So we should know the cultural differences between Chinese and British.