英语语法专有名词中英文对照说法
英语语法专有名词中英文对照说法
最近有同学反应，上外教课时，有些语法问题要和老师沟通，却不知道一些语法专有名词的英文怎么说，于是，只能用一大串英语来描述一个专有名词。例如，同学想问形容词的用法时，不会“形容词” 的英语说法，只好把问题这么描述:：“What are the rules of the words that are used to describe a person or thing?”
其实，the words that are used to describe a person or thing 指的就是形容词, 形容词的英文说法是“adjective”. 有鉴于此，现在把英文语法的专有名词说法，整理如下，同学花
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常用英语语法术语表达
语法grammar
句法syntax 词法morphology 结构structure 层次rank
句子sentence 从句clause 词组phrase 词类part of speech
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单词word 实词notional word 虚词structural word 单纯词simple word
派生词derivative 复合词compound
词性part of speech
名词noun 专有名词proper noun 普通名词common noun 可数名词countable noun 不可数名词uncountable noun 抽象名词abstract noun 具体名词concrete noun 物质名词material noun 集体名词collective noun 个体名词individual noun
介词preposition 连词conjunction 数词numeral 基数词cardinal
序数词ordinal numeral 分数词fractional numeral 动词verb 主动词main verb 及物动词transitive verb 不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb
助动词auxiliary verb 短语动词phrasal verb 限定动词finite verb
非限定动词infinite verb 使役动词causative verb 感官动词verb of senses
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动态动词event verb 静态动词state verb 感叹词exclamation 形容词adjective 副词adverb 方式副词adverb of manner 程度副词adverb of degree
时间副词adverb of time 地点副词adverb of place 修饰性副词adjunct
连接性副词conjunct 疑问副词interrogative adverb 关系副词relative adverb
代词pronoun 情态动词modal verb 规则动词regular verb
不规则动词irregular verb 人称代词personal pronoun 物主代词possessive pronoun 反身代词reflexive pronoun 相互代词reciprocal pronoun 指示代词demonstrative
pronoun
疑问代词interrogative pronoun 关系代词relative pronoun 不定代词indefinite pronoun 物主代词possessive pronoun 名词性物主代词nominal possessive pronoun
形容词性物主代词adjectival possessive pronoun 冠词article 定冠词definite article
不定冠词indefinite article 单数形式singular form 复数形式plural form
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限定动词finite verb form 非限定动词non-finite verb form 原形base form
从句clause
从属句subordinate clause 并列句coordinate clause 名词从句nominal clause
定语从句attributive clause 状语从句adverbial clause 宾语从句object clause
主语从句subject clause 同位语从句appositive clause
时间状语从句adverbial clause of time 地点状语从句adverbial clause of place
方式状语从句adverbial clause of manner 让步状语从句adverbial clause of concession 原因状语从句adverbial clause of cause 结果状语从句adverbial clause of result
目的状语从句adverbial clause of purpose 条件状语从句adverbial clause of condition
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真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of real condition
非真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of unreal condition
含蓄条件句adverbial clause of implied condition
错综条件句adverbial clause of mixed condition
句子sentence
简单句simple sentence 并列句compound sentence 复合句complex sentence
并列复合句compound complex sentence 陈述句declarative sentence
疑问句interrogative sentence 一般疑问句general question
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特殊疑问句special question 选择疑问句alternative question
附加疑问句tag question 反义疑问句disjunctive question
修辞疑问句rhetorical question 感叹疑问句exclamatory question
存在句existential sentence 肯定句positive sentence 基本句型basic sentence pattern 否定句negative sentence 祈使句imperative sentence 省略句elliptical sentence 感叹句exclamatory sentence
句子成分members of sentences
主语subject 谓语predicate 宾语object 双宾语dual object
直接宾语direct object 间接宾语indirect object 复合宾语complex object
同源宾语cognate object 补语complement 主补subject complement [
宾补object complement 表语predicative 定语attribute 同位语appositive 状语adverbial 句法关系syntactic relationship 并列coordinate
从属subordination 修饰modification 前置修饰pre-modification
后置修饰post-modification 限制restriction 双重限制double-restriction
非限制non-restriction 数number 单数形式singular form 复数形式plural form 规则形式regular form 不规则形式irregular form 格case 普通格common case 所有格possessive case 主格nominative case 宾格objective case 性gender 阳性masculine 阴性feminine 通性common 中性neuter 人称person
第一人称first person 第二人称second person 第三人称third person 时态tense 过去将来时past future tense 过去将来进行时past future continuous tense
过去将来完成时past future perfect tense 一般现在时present simple tense
一般过去时past simple tense 一般将来时future simple tense
现在完成时past perfect tense 过去完成时present perfect tense
将来完成时future perfect tense 现在进行时present continuous tense
过去进行时past continuous tense 将来进行时future continuous tense
过去将来进行时past future continuous tense 现在完成进行时present perfect continuous tense 过去完成进行时past perfect continuous tense 语态voice 主动语态active voice
被动语态passive voice 语气mood 陈述语气indicative mood
祈使语气imperative mood 虚拟语气subjunctive mood 否定negation
否定范围scope of negation 全部否定full negation 局部否定partial negation
转移否定shift of negation 语序order 自然语序natural order 倒装语序inversion 全部倒装full inversion 部分倒装partial inversion 直接引语direct speech
间接引语indirect speech自由直接引语free direct speech 自由间接引语free indirect speech 一致agreement 主谓一致subject-predicate agreement 语法一致grammatical agreement 概念一致notional agreement 就近原则principle of proximity 强调emphasis
重复repetition 语音pronunciation 语调tone 升调rising tone 降调falling tone 降升调falling-rising tone 文体style 正式文体formal 非正式文体informal
口语spoken/oral English 套语formulistic expression 英国英语British English
美国英语American English 用法usage 感情色彩emotional coloring
褒义commendatory 贬义derogatory 幽默humorous 讽刺sarcastic