1月研究生英语学位考试真题及答案

2010年1月研究生英语学位考试真题及答案

Paper One

Part I ：Listening Comprehension (25 minutes, 20 points )

Section A (1 point each)

1.A: He refuses to help the woman. B: He can’t handle the equipment by himself.

C: He thinks some other people can do it better.

D; He thinks the equipment is too heavy for the woman.

2.A: His colleagues have contributed a lot. B: All of his colleagues congratulated him.

C. The award has been given to his colleagues. D He doesn’t deserve the honor.

3. A: He dislike Jack’s name. B He doesn’t care who Jack is.

C He doesn’t know Jack well.

D He dislikes Jack.

4. A: The man is cracking a joke on her.

B It is impossible to buy a genuine antique for so little money.

C The man is out of his mind about the old vase.

D The man has run into a great fortune.

5. A: He can’t find a good idea about the problem. B He feels hopeless about the project.

C He has encountered another problem.

D He is going to give up the project.

6. A: It is worthwhile. B It has a very tight schedule.

C It was a waste of time.

D It took him too much time on the road.

7. A: It’s useless to talk to the professor. B The professor is often unfair.

C The man has done well enough.

D The man can’t be be tter next time.

8. A The man should not say things like that. B The man should fight back.

C The man should show his anger openly.

D The man should not complain openly.

9. A: She was injured in the shoulder. B She disliked the people who attended the party.

C She was laughed at for her behaviour.

D She was unpopular at the party.

Section B (1 point each)

Mini-talk One

10. A: Improving the conditions of farm animals. B: Increasing the production of farm animals. C: Regulating the food marketing system.

D: Regulating the food stores and restaurant chains.

11. A: Because they want to save more money. B: Because they want the hens to lay more eggs.

C Because they want the hens to grow more lean meat.

D Because they want to sell the hens at a better price.

12. A: Chickens should be kept in clean places. B: Pigs should be housed in large metal boxes. C: Farm animals should be slaughtered in factories.

D Farm animals should be killed without feeling pain.

Mini-talk Two

13. A: Under the mountains is the state of Nevada.

B: At the power centers in almost forty states.

C: Under the deep ocean . D Near the inactive volcanoes.

14. A: People object to burying it at the power centers.

B: The power centers have no more space to store it.

C: It is very dangerous to bury it in populous areas.

D: The new site is the estate of the federal government.

15. A; There are active volcanoes nearby. B: Some people still live in the area.

C: The area is close to Las Vegas. D The area is geographically unsafe.

Section C (1 point each)

You will hear the recording twice. At the end of the talk there will be a 3-minute pause, during which time you are asked to write down your answers briefly on the Answer Sheet. You now have 25 seconds to read the questions (请在录音结束后把16-20题的答案抄写在答题纸上.) 16．What percentage of plant and animal species on Earth do rain forests contain?

17. What critical role do rain forests play besides being home to animals and plants?

18. How much has global output of carbon dioxide increased in the past century?

19. To be classified as a rain forest, how should the trees look?

20. How large is the size of the rain forest in South America?

Part I Vocabulary Section A

1.This student was expelled from school because he had forged some documents for overseas

study.

A frustrated

B formulated

C fabricated

D facilitated

2.Opinion polls suggest that the approval rate of the president is on the increase.

A agreement

B consensus Cpermission D support

3. A man of resolve will not retreat easily from setbacks or significant challenges.

A pull out

B pull up

C pull in

D pull over

4. As few household appliances are now perfect, this minor defect is negligible.

A detectable

B trifling

C inexcusable

D magnificent

5. The U.S. athletes topped the gold medal tally for the 3rd straight time this summer.

A direct

B proceeding

C vertical

D successive

6. Despite tremendous achievement, formidable obstacles to development will persist.

A difficult

B sustainable

C external

D unpredictable

7. Moderate and regular exercise can boost the rate of blood circulation and metabolism.

A restrict

B reduce

C increase

D stabilize

8. The manager is seeking some cost-effective methods that can call forth their initiative .

A efficient

B conventional

C economical

D unique.

9. The report proposes that students be allowed to work off their debt through community service.

A pay off

B get off

C dispose of

D run off

10. It was a tragic love affair that only gave rise to pain.

A brought forward

B brought about

C brought down

D brought in

Section B :

11. As females in their 40s tend to ____ weight, they are to go in for outdoor activities.

A take on

B hold on

C carry on

D put on

12. The shop-owner took a load of ____-crusted bread and handed it to the child.

A fragile

B crisp

C vague

D harsh

13. The excessive hospitality ____ the local officials failed to leave us assured.

A on the point of

B on the grounds of

C on the advice of

D on the part of

14.These intelligence officers tried a ___ of persuasion and force to get the information they wanted.

A combination

B collaboration

C conviction

D confrontation

15. The terminally ill patient lying in the ___ care unit was kept alive on life support.

A apprehensive

B intensive

C extensive

D comprehensive

16. The very sound of our national anthem being played at the awarding ceremony is ____.

A ice-breaking

B eye-catching

C painstaking

D soul-touching

17. Leading universities in China prefer to enroll ___ brilliant high school students.

A intellectually

B intelligibly

C intelligently

D intimately

18. When a heavy vehicle is ___ in the mud, the driver has to ask for help.

A involved

B stuck

C interfered

D specialized

19. A risk or effect may diminish ___, but it may also increase for some reason.

A at will

B over time

C under way

D so far

20. It’s in your best ____ to quit smoking, for you have some breathing problems.

A sake

B benefit

C advantage

D interest

Part II. Cloze

“Techno-stress”----frustration arising from pressure to use new technology----is said to be 21 , reports Maclean’s magazine of Canada. Studies point to causes that 22 “the never-ending process of learning how to use new technologies to the 23 of work and home life as a result of 24 like e-mail, call-forwarding and wireless phones.” How can you cope? Experts recommend setting 25 . Determine whether using a particular device will really simplify life or merely add new 26 . Count on having to invest time to learn a new technology well enough to realize its full benefits. “ 27 time each day to turn the technology off,” and devote time to other things afforded or deserving 28 attention. “People start the day by making the 29 mistake of opening their e-mail, instead of working to a plan,” notes Vancouver productivity expert Dan Stamp. “The best hour and

a half of the day is spent on complete 30 .”

21. A descending B narrowing C mounting D widening

22. A pass on B range from C deal with D give up

23. A confusion B construction C contribution D conduction

24. A creations B promotions C productions D innovations

25. A laws B boundaries C deadlines D barriers

26. A convenience B advantages C flexibility D complexity

27. A Put forward B Put across C Put aside D Put up

28. A prior B major C senior D superior

29. A fragmental B fictional C fractional D fundamental

30. A relaxation B entertainment C rubbish D hobby

Part III. Reading Comprehensive

Passage One

The study of genetics has given rise to a profitable new Industry called biotechnology. As the name suggests, it blends biology and modern technology through such techniques as genetic engineering. Some of the new biotech companies, as they are called, specialize in agriculture and are working enthusiastically to patent seeds that give a high yield, that resist disease, drought, and frost, and that reduce the need for hazardous chemicals. If such goals could be achieved, it would be most beneficial. But some have raised concern about genetically engineered crops.

“In nature, genetic diversity is created within certain limits,” says the book Genetic Engineering, Food, and Our Environment.“A rose can be crossed with a different kind of rose, but a rose will never cross with a potato…” Genetic engineering, on the other hand, usually involves taking genes

from one species and inserting them into another in an attempt to transfer a desired property or character. This could mean, for example, selecting a gene which leads to the production of a chemical with antifreeze properties from an arctic fish, and joining it into a potato or strawberry to make it frost-resistant. It is now possible for plants to be engineered with genes taken from bacteria, viruses, insects, animals or even humans. In essence, then, biotechnology allows humans to break the genetic walls that separate species.

Like the green revolution, what some call the gene revolution contributes to the problem of genetic uniformity---some say even more so because geneticists can employ techniques such as cloning and tissue culture, processes that produce perfectly identical copies, or clones. Concerns about the erosion of biodiversity, therefore, remain. Genetically altered plants, however, raise new issues, such as the effects that they may have on us and the environment. “We are flying blindly into a new era of agricultural biotechnology with high hopes, few constraints, and little idea of the potential outcomes,” said science writer Jeremy Rifkin.

31. According to the author, biotech companies are ______

A mostly specialized in agriculture.

B those producing seeds of better properties

C mainly concerned about the genetically engineered crops.

D likely to have big returns in their business.

32. Now biotech products are made ____.

A within the limits of natural genetics .

B by violating laws of natural genetics.

C without the interference of humans.

D safer than those without the use of biotechnology

33. In nature, genetic diversity is created ____

A by mixing different species

B within the species itself

C through natural selection

D through selection or contest

34.Biotechnoly has made it possible ____

A for us to solve the food shortage problem in the world.

B for plants to be produced with genes of humans.

C for humans to assume the cold-resistant property.

D to grow crops with the taste of farm animals.

35. According to the author, with the development of biotechnology ____

A the species of creatures will be reduced. D we will suffer from fewer and fewer diseases.

B our living environment will be better than it is now.

C humans will pay for its side effect.

36. The author’s attitude towards genetic engineering can best be described ____

A optimistic

B pessimistic

C concerned

D suspicious

Passage Two

The practice of capital punishment is as old as government itself. For most of history, it has not been considered controversial. Since ancient times most governments have punished a wide variety of crimes by death and have conducted executions as a routine part of the administration of criminal law. However, in the mid-18th century, social critics in Europe began to emphasize the worth of the individual and to criticize government practices they considered unjust, including capital punishment. The controversy and debate whether government should utilize the death penalty continue today.

The first significant movement to abolish the death penalty began during the era known as the Age of Enlightenment. In 1764 Italian jurist and philosopher Cesare Beccaria published An Essay on Crimes and Punishments. Many consider this influential work the leading document in the

early campaign capital punishment. Other individuals who campaigned against executions during this period include French authors V oltaire and Denis Diderot, British philosophers David Hume and Adam Smith, and political theorist Thomas Paine in the United States.

Critics of capital punishment argue that it is cruel and inhumane, while supporters consider it a necessary form of revenge for terrible crimes. Those who advocates the death penalty declare that it is a uniquely effective punishment that prevents crime. However, advocates and opponents of the death penalty dispute the proper interpretation of statistical analyses of its preventing effect. Opponents of capital punishment see the death penalty as a human right issue involving the proper limits of governmental power. In contrast, those who want governments to continue to execute tend to regard capital punishment as an issue of criminal justice policy. Because of these alternative viewpoint, there is a profound difference of opinion not only about what is the right answer on capital punishment, but also about what type of question is being asked when the death penalty becomes a public issue.

37. We can learn from the first paragraph that in ancient times _________

A death penalty had been carried out before government came into being.

B people thought it was right for the government to conduct executions.

C death penalty was practiced scarcely in European countries.

D many people considered capital punishment unjust and cruel.

38. Why was capital punishment questioned in the mid-18th century in Europe?

A People began to criticize their government.

B The government was unjust in this period.

C People began to realize the value of life.

D Social critics were very active at that time.

39. Italian jurist and philosopher Cesare Beccaria ____

A was the first person to question the rightness of death penalty.

B was regarded as an important author criticizing capital punishment.

C was the first person who emphasized the worth of the individuals.

D first raised the theory against capital punishment.

40. Critics of capital punishment insist that it ___.

A violates human rights regulations.

B is an ineffective punishment of the criminals

C is just the revenge for terrible crimes.

D involves killing without mercy.

41. The advocates and opponents of the death penalty _____

A agree that it is a human rights issue

B agree that it can prevent crimes.

C explain its statistical analyses differently

D think that they are asked different types of questions.

42. The author’s attitude towards capital punishment can be summarized as _____

A supportive

B critical

C neutral

D contradictory

Passage Three

Bears mostly live alone, except for mothers and their babies, and males and females during mating season. Bears form temporary groups only in exceptional circumstances, when food is plentiful in a small area. Recent evidence also suggests that giant pandas may form small social groups, perhaps because bamboo is more concentrated than the patchy food resources of other bear species. Other bears may live alone but exist in a social network. A male and female may live in an area partly shared in common----although they tolerate each other, each defends its range from other bears of the same sex. Male young usually leave their mothers to live in other areas, but female young often live in a range that is commonly shared with that of their mother.

The key to a bear’s survival is finding enough food to satisfy the energy demands of its large size. Bears travel over huge territories in search of food, and they remember the details of the landscape they cover. They use their excellent memories to return to locations where they have had success finding food in past years or seasons. Most bears are able to climb trees to chase small animals or gain access to additional plant vegetation. The exceptions are polar bears and large adult brown bears----their heavy weight makes it difficult for them to climb trees.

Bears that live in regions with cold winters spend the coldest part of the year asleep in sheltered dens, including brown bears, American and Asiatic black bears, and female polar bears. Pregnant females give birth in the winter in the protected surroundings of these dens. After fattening up during the summer and fall when food is abundant, the bears go into this winter home to conserve energy during the part of the year when food is scarce. Winter sleep differs from hibernation in that a bear is easily aroused from sleep. In addition, a bear’s body temperature drops only a few degrees in its winter sleep. In contrast, a true hibernator undergoes more extensive changes in bodily functions. For instance, the body temperature of the Arctic ground squirrel drops from 380C to as low as -30C.

43. Most bears live alone because _________

A they don’t want to keep a social network.

B each bear feeds on different kinds of food.

C male and female bears can’t tolerate each other.

D they don’t want other bears to share their food.

44.According to the passage, bears of the same sex ____

A can get along with each other peacefully.

B share their range with each other.

C live in an area partly shared in common.

D ca n’t live peacefully in the same area.

45.As is told about bears in the passage, we know that _____

A it is easy for bears to find enough food if they can climb trees.

B a bear can long remember where it has found food.

C all except polar bears are able to climb trees to catch their prey.

D all except polar bears and adult brown bears feed on small animals.

46. Bears sleep in their sheltered dens in cold winter because ____

A their babies need to be born in a cold and protected surrounding.

B they need to fatten themselves up in the cold season.

C they need to convert their fat into energy in winter.

D they can’t find enough food in the cold season.

47. Winter sleep differs from hibernation in that _______

A animals in hibernation don’t wake up easily.

B animals in hibernation are aroused regularly for energy supply.

C the body temperature of animals in winter sleep doesn’t change.

D animals in winter sleep experience drastic changes in bodily functions.

48. The passage is mainly about ___.

A the species of bears

B the food category of bears

C the winter sleep of bears

D the behavior of bears

Passage Four

The young man who came to the door--- he was about thirty, perhaps, with a handsome, smiling face---- didn’t seem to f ind my lateness offensive, and led me into a large room. On one side of the room sat half a dozen women, all in white; they were much occupied with a beautiful baby, who

seemed to belong to the youngest of the women. On the other side of the room sat seven or eight men, young, dressed in dark suits, very much at ease, and very imposing. The sunlight came into the room with the peacefulness that one remembers from rooms in one’s early childhood--- a sunlight encountered later only in one’s dreams. I remember being astounded by the quietness, the ease, the peace , and the taste. I was introduced, they greeted me with a genuine cordiality and respect ---and the respect increased my fright, for it meant that they expected something of me that I knew in my heart, for their sakes, I could not give ---and we sat down. Elijah Muhammad was not in the room. Conversation was slow , but not as stiff as I had feared it would be. They kept it going, for I simply did not know which subjects I could acceptably bring up. They knew more about me and read more of what I had written, than I had expected , and I wondered what they made of it all, what they took my usefulness to be. The women were carrying on their own conversations, in low tones; I gathered that they were not expected to take part in male conversations. A few women kept coming in and out of the room, apparently making preparations for dinner. We, the men, did not plunge deeply into any subject, for, clearly, we were all waiting for the appearance of Elijah. Presently, the men, one by one, left the room and returned. Then I was asked if I would like to wash, and I, too, walked down the hall to the bathroom. Shortly after I came back, we stood up, and Elijah entered. I don’t know what I had expected to see. I had read some of his speeches, and had heard fragments of others on the radio and on television, so I associated him with strength. But, no ----the man who came into the room was small and slender, really very delicately put together, with a thin face, large warm eyes, and a most winning smile. Something came into the room with him ---- his worshipers’ joy at seeing him, his joy at seeing them. It was the kind of encounter one watches with a smile simply because it is so rare that people enjoy one another.

49.Whic h of the following is the best alternative word for “imposing”?

A Enthusiastic

B Hostile

C Impressive

D Anxious

50. Which word best describes the atmosphere in the room?

A Tranquil

B Solemn

C Chaotic

D Stressful

51.How did the author feel when he was greeted with respect?

A Delighted

B Astonished

C Embarrassed

D Scared

52. Which of the following statements is true about the author?

A He talked little.

B He was puzzled

C He enjoyed the conversation

D He got more respect than he deserved.

53. The man didn’t get deeply involved in any subject because they ____

A had little knowledge

B didn’t know one another well.

C wanted to relax themselves

D awaited the arrival of someone important

54. What can we learn about Elijah?

A He was admired by others.

B He was very handsome.

C He was a man with determination

D He was happy to give speeches.

Passage Five

Singapore’s Mixed Reality Lab is working on new ways of interacting with computers, including wearable devices and virtual war room that will allow officials to work together online as if they were all in one place. Its director is a spiky-haired Australian, a postmodern match for the fictional British agent James Bond’s tool man, Q.It is funded by the Defense Science & Technology Agency, which controls half the $ 5 billion defense budget, and sponsors hundreds of research

projects every year. The agency came to worldwide attention last year when it took just one day to customize a thermal scanner in order to detect travelers with high fever, helping to stem the spread of SARS.

DSTA is now working on a range of projects that are attracting attention in both the commercial and military worlds. It devised an air-conditioning system that harnesses melting ice and cool seawater to conserve electricity at the new Changi Naval Base, and could have broad civilian applications.

Singapore can easily afford Western hardware, but off-the-shelf products are often unsuitable for the tropical conditions in Southeast Asia. For example, the DSTA is funding development of an anti-chemical-weapons suit that works not as a shield, but as a sort of weapon. The Singapore garments, made of a revolutionary plastic-like material that is much lighter and cooler than traditional fabrics, actually degrade suspect substance on contact.

Much of the agency’s work is geared toward helping this resource-poor city-state overcome its natural limitations, says its director R&D, William Lau Yue Khei. Conserving manpower is one of the agency’s most critical assignments, because Singapore is a nation of 5 million people dwarfed by larger neighbors, including Indonesia and Malaysia. Right now, the biggest DSTA project is computerizing a stealth warship so that it can run on half the usual crew. Making equipment lighter is a particular agency specialty, because the universal military rule of thumb is that a soldier should carry no more than one third his body weight, and that seems that smaller Singaporean soldiers should carry no more than 24 kilos, or 20 percent less than Europeans, says DSTA project manager Choo Hui Weing. One such program: the Advanced Combat Man System, has produced a lightweight handguard that controls an integrated laser range finder, digital compass and a targeting camera. Top that, Q.

55. It can be inferred from the passage that Q is probably________

A a mechanic in James Bond’s garage.

B a fictional Australian with spiky hair.

C a director of the Advanced Combat Man System

D An imaginary engineer who invents advanced equipment.

56. Which of the following statements concerning DSTA true?

A It became world-known for its high efficiency in preventing the SARS spread.

B It funds numerous research programs, including Mixed Reality lab.

C It devised an air-conditioning system now widely used in households.

D It takes credit for conserving electricity at the new Changi Naval Base.

57. The suit described in the third paragraph can be used as a sort of weapon mainly because ___

A it is made of a new material resembling plastics.

B it can reduce harmful effects of chemicals on it.

C it has been adapted to the tropical weather there.

D its light weight allows soldiers to carry more equipment.

58. Which of the following is Not mentioned as a disadvantage of Singapore?

A Smaller soldiers

B Smaller population

C Limited defense budget

D Limited natural resources

59. The Advance Combat Man System is mentioned in the last paragraph mainly to show ____

A what DSTA has done to meet the c ountry’s special needs.

B how sophisticated the equipments designed by DSTA can be.

C why it is difficult for Q to compete with CHoo Hui Weing .

D how Singapore’s technology is superior to that of the British.

60. The main purpose of the passage is to ____

A analyze Singapore’s defense system.

B summarize the contributions of DSTA.

C introduce the technical advantages of a small country.

D describe the roles and achievements of a government agency.

Paper Two Part IV Translation

Section A

Quitting smoking is more of a matter of willpower than of individual choice, for smoking is widely recognized as addictive. Although counseling and medication can increase the odds that a smoker quits permanently, the best way to avoid dilemmas is never to take up smoking to begin with.

The irreversible effects of cigarette smoking vary in intensity and are related both to the amount and duration of exposure and the age at which the person is initially exposed. This report challenges the notion that a few years of exposure to smoking will have no lasting harmful consequences. We hope to discourage this prevalent but vital habit and suggest that tobacco-related health effects decline substantially as time away from smoking increases.

Section B

人们越来越意识到开发环保型产品的重要性. 为实现长期可持续发展, 发达国家应不惜代价减少温室气体的排放. 如果目前全球变暖的速度保持不变, 东京和伦敦等大城市从地球上消失的可能性将是20年前的10倍.

Part V Writing

write a compositions of no less than 150 words under the title of “Knowledge from books and knowledge from experience” . Your composition should be based on the following outline:

1Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from books. 2．Explain which source is more important?

201001 参考答案

1-10 CDABD, ACCAB, 11-20 DBDAB, DABBD 21-30 CBADB, DCADC

31-40 DBBBA, CBCBD, 41-50 CCDDB, DADCA 51-60 DADAD, CBCAB

Translation : Section B

There is a growing realization/awareness that developing environment-protecting products really counts. To fulfil the long-term and substantial development, developed countries should at all costs decrese the emission of greenhouse gases. If the speed of global warming nowadays continues, the probability of disappearance from the earth to such big cities as Tokyo and London will be 10 times as fast as that of 20 years ago.

2017年考研英语考试真题

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硕士学位英语考试试题 PAPER ONE PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (15 MINUTES, 15 points) Section A ( 1 point each ) 1. A. He was on vacation. B. He was moving furniture. C. He was sick. D. He was working for a new company. 2. A. He does not understand it. B. He does not like it. C. He is used to it. D. He does not have to take it. 3. A. He is interested only in her ideas. B. He will not accept a late paper from her. C. He wants her to hand in her paper immediately. D. He will accept a late paper from her. 4. A. In a kitchen. B. In a garden. C. At the pictures. D. In an office. 5. A. Five B. Four. C. Seven. D. Six. 6. A. She was experienced in riding a bicycle. B. She was riding very slowly at that moment. C. She was riding a new bike. D. Some passes-by help her. 7. A. She can't see. B. Her ears was hurt. C. She can’t hear. D. Her eyes hurt. 8. A. She feels that he won't accept anything. B. She thinks he has almost everything he wants. C. She's sure he already has a pocket calculator. D. She's afraid he wants more than she can afford. 9. A. At the jewelry store. B. Down the hall. C. From other customers. D. From a machine Section B ( 1 point each ) Question 10 through 12 are base on the following conversation. 10. A. Peter's research paper. B. Peter's composition. C.A library book. D. Peter's take-home exam. 11. A. By studying in the library. B. He was absent that day. C. He did very well. D. He did very poorly. 12. A. Talk to the professor. B. Quit working. C. Get a better-paying job. D. Try to get a job on the campus. Question 13 through 15 are base on the following passage. 13. A. The development of animals. B. The development of land animal. C. The origin of sea creatures. D. The origin of human beings 14. A. Stand on their heads. B. Swim backward. C. Move on their fins. D. Swim upside down. 15. A. The appearance of tile fish. B. The size and the color of fish. C. The way the fish swims. D. The way the Fish uses its fins. PART II VOCABULARY ( 10 MINUTES, 10 POINTS ) Section A ( 0.5 point each ) 16. Frank and Jauntier asked their science teacher to settle the dispute once and for all. A. temporarily B. permanently C. cautiously D. decisively 17.The police found it difficult to apprehend the criminal because of the incomplete details supplied by the witness. A. sketchy B. complicated C. stern D. artistic 18.In order to maintain physical well-being, a person should eat wholesome food and get sufficient exercise. A. fresh B. stale C. well-cooked D. healthful 19. Not afraid of being fired, John Smith continued to defy the boss. A. avoid B. admire C. oppose D. guide 20. Many pure metals have little use because they are too soft, rust too easily, or have some other drawbacks. A. properties B. behavior C. disadvantages D. performances 21. After a number of disagreements with the committee, the chairman decided to quit. A. resign B. dismiss C. retire D. desert 22. The experiment shows this cathode emits electrons in a controlled environment. A. submits B. gives off C. rejects D. passes by . 23. To what place are you going to haul the furniture that you no longer need. A. sell B. put C. transport D. paint 24. The zealous demonstrators were ignored by all the media of this country. A. passionate B. colorful C. rude D. clever 25. In prehistoric times, eclipses of the moon and Sun were probably terrifying to people.