2013年职称英语_理工类_B级(第三套)

理工类B级全真模拟试题(三)

第一部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)

下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

1 The cheetah is considered the fastest of all land animals.

A regarded as

B substituted for

C compelled to be

D expected to be

2 Writing is a skill that requires consistent practice.

A invariable

B orderly

C regular

D customary

3 Some birds consistently return to the same nesting area each spring.

A occasionally

B purposely

C regularly

D surprisingly

4 Cold air causes the arteries around the heart to constrict.

A become rigid

B contract

C close

D die

5 Crayfish, small freshwater crustacean similar to lobsters, are consumed by inhabitants of the

Mississippi River Basin.

A bred

B caught

C eaten

D supplied

6 Groundwater, a resource that exists everywhere beneath the Earth?s surface, is under

increasing risk from contamination and overuse.

A popularization

B contraction

C pollution

D industrialization

7 The ability to contemplate two contradictory thoughts at once is said to be a mark of genius.

A hypothetical

B profound

C opposing

D mathematical

8 What he said was contrariwise to what we expected.

A ironic

B innate

C opposite

D circumspect

9 The graduate students will convene in the Student Union.

A converse

B meet

C summon

D raze

10 The new theory was corroborated.

A confirmed

B bleached

C hurled

D refrained

11 Needlepoint has always been an elegant and costly form of embroidery.

A expensive

B beautiful

C popular

D complicated

12 Mary McCarthy?s satires are couched in a prose style that has a classic precision.

A fused

B prefaced

C standardized

D expressed

13 A person who deals with the public must be courteous at all times, even when he or she is

very tired.

A forthright

B polite

C decisive

D neat

14 Photojournalist Margaret Bourke-White became famous for her coverage of significant

events during the Second World War.

A usage

B camouflage

C collage

D reportage

15 Certain colors when incorporated into the decor of a room can produce a cozy atmosphere.

A light

B roomy

C cluttered

D comfortable

第二部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在

答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。

Help Your Child Become a Reader

Encouraging early reading skills can build a path to a lifelong (终身的) love of reading and can help your child get a head start in school. While reading to your child is still the most important thing you can do to build reading skills, there are many techniques that can help.

Make reading fun. Play games with your child as you read. Many traditional children?s games can be adapted to encourage reading skills.

While reading or during play, tell your child, “I spy with my little eye, something that begins with the letter b.” Help the child find something on the page or in the room that begins with that letter. For example. “I see a barn.”This can also be used to teach beginning letter sounds. “I spy with my little eye, something that begins with the sound …s? .”Help the child find a word that begins with the “s” sound.

In this variation on the popular game, instruct the child that, “Simon says, …point to something that starts with the letter n.?” The child can then find an object in the room or a body part, such as the nose, that starts with the letter presented. This can also be used to teach beginning sounds.

Make a game out of rhyming (押韵) words by making up silly words to rhyme with the child's name of favorite toys. This sets the stage for rhyming real words by showing the child the similarities of sounds. As the child masters making up the words, begin rhyming real words to one another.

Tips to raise a successful reader:

Put books in places where the child plays. If books are easily accessible, children are more likely to pick them up.

Let children “read to you”by looking at pictures. Making up stories to go along with illustrations helps children discover how words relate to pictures.

Take books along on trips or even short visits to the doctor?s office or grocery store.

Have children help you shop. Reading grocery lists and looking for specific items helps build sight vocabulary.

16 A good reading habit can help your child do well at school.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

17 Computer games can be used to help children develop their reading skills.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

18 One of the useful games is to play spy.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

19 When playing a game you should ask your child to find something starting with the letter b

instead of c.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

20 The purpose of the rhyming games is to make preparations for children to write poems.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

21 You can ask your child to tell stories based on pictures.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

22 You should take books with you when you go out with your child.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

第三部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中

为第1～4段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

Earthquake

1 Every year earthquakes are responsible for a large number of deaths and a vast amount of destruction in various parts of the world. Most of these damaging earthquakes occur either in a narrow belt which surrounds the Pacific Ocean or in a line which extends from Burma to the Alps in Europe. Some of the destruction is directly caused by the quake itself. An example of this is the collapse of buildings as a result of the quake itself. Other damage results from landslides or major fires which are initiated by the quake.

2 There are about a million quakes a year. Fortunately, however, not all of them are destructive. The intensity of an earthquake is measured on the Richter Scale, which goes from 0 upward. The highest scale recorded to date is 8.9.Major damage generally occurs from quakes ranging upwards from 6.0.

3 The actual cause of the quake itself is the breaking of rocks at or below the earth ?s surface. This is produced by pressure which scientists believe may be due to a number of reasons, two of which are the expansion and contraction of the earth ?s crust and continental drift.

4 In order to limit the damage and to prevent some of the suffering resulting from earthquakes, scientists are working on ways to enable accurate prediction. Special instruments are used to help people record, for example, shaking of the earth. Scientists are trying to find methods that will enable them to indicate the exact time, location and size of an earthquake.

5 Certain phenomena have been observed which are believed to be the signs of imminent earthquakes. These include strange behaviours of some animals, the changes in the content of mineral water ,etc. The magnetic properties of rocks may also display special pattern before major earthquakes happen.

23 Paragraph 2 _________

24 Paragraph 3_________

25 Paragraph 4 _________

26 Paragraph 5 _________

27 Not all damage during an earthquake is caused .

28 Not all earthquakes are strong enough .

29 Scientists have been working hard to warn people .

30 Earthquakes can be predicted by observing .

A Earthquake ?s Forecast

B Historical Records of Earthquakes

C Intensities of Earthquakes

D Cause of Earthquakes

E Indications of Earthquakes

F Damaging Earthquakes A by the quake itself

B not be prevented

C to cause damage of property and loss of lives

D of a possible earthquake

E the unusual behaviors of some animals

F the strong behaviors of human beings

第四部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

第一篇Clone Farm

Factory farming could soon enter a new era of mass production. Companies in the US are developing the technology needed to “clone” chickens on a massive scale. once a chicken with desirable traits has been bred or genetically engineered, tens of thousands of eggs, which will hatch into identical copies, could roll off the production lines every hour. Billions of clones could be produced each year to supply chicken farms with birds that all grow at the same rate, have the same amount of meat and taste the same.

This, at least, is the vision of the US?s National Institute of Science and Technology, which has given Origen Therapeutics of Burlingame, California, and Embrex of North Carolina $4.7 million to help fund research. The prospect has alarmed animal welfare groups, who fear it could increase the suffering of farm birds.

That?s unlikely to put off the poultry industry, however, which wants disease resistant birds that grow faster on less food. “Producers would like the same meat quantity but to use reduced inputs to get there,” says Mike Fitzgerald of Origen. To meet this demand, Origen aims to “create an animal that is effectively a clone” , he says. Normal cloning doesn't work in birds because eggs can't be removed and implanted, Instead, the company is trying to bulk-grow embryonic stem cells taken from fertilized eggs as soon as they?re laid. “The trick is to culture the cells without them starting to distinguish, so they remain pluripotent,” says Fitzgerald.

Using a long-established technique, these donor cells will then be injected into the embryo of a freshly laid, fertilized recipient egg, forming a chick that is a “chimera”. Strictly speaking a chimera isn?t a clone, because it contains cells from both donor and recipient. But Fitzgerald says it will be enough if, say, 95 percent of a chicken?s body develops from donor cells. “In the poultry world, it doesn?t matter if it?s not 100 percent,” he says.

Another challenge for Origen is to scale up production. To do this, it has teamed up with Embrex, which produces machines that can inject vaccines into up to 50,000 eggs an hour. Embrex is now trying to modify the machines to locate the embryo and inject the cells into precisely the right spot without killing it.

In future, Origen imagines freezing stem cells from different strains of chicken. If orders come in for a particular strain, millions of eggs could be produced in months or even weeks. At present, maintaining all the varieties the market might call for is too expensive for breeders, and it takes years to bread enough chickens to produce the billions of eggs that farmers need.

31 Which statement is the best description of the new era of factory farming according to the first paragraph?

A Eggs are all genetically engineered.

B Thousands of eggs are produced every hour.

C Cloned chickens are bulk-produced with the same growth rate, weight and taste.

D Identical eggs can be hatched on the production lines.

32 Which institution has offered $4.7 million to fund the research?

A The US's National Institute of Science and Technology.

B Origen therapeutics of Burlingame, California.

C Embrex of North Carolina.

D Animal welfare groups.

33 In the third paragraph, by saying “Producers would like the same meat quantity but to use

reduced inputs to get there.” Mike Fitzgerald means that he wishes .

A chickens? quality could be maintained but with less investment

B chickens? taste could be improved but at less costs

C chickens? growth rate could be quickened but with less inputs

D chickens could grow to the same weight but with less feed

34 Which of the following statements about Origen and Embrex is correct according to the fifth

paragraph?

A Origen and Embrex will jointly invent machines to increase production.

B Origen wants to purchase an efficient donor cells injecting machine.

C Origen has joined hands with Embrex in producing cell-injecting machines.

D Origen is the leading company in producing embryo-locating machines.

35 The technology of freezing stem cells from different strains of chicken can do all the

following EXCEPT that .

A farmers can order certain strains of chicken only

B Origen can supply all the strains of chicken the market might need

C chicken farmers order certain strains of chicken for economic reasons

D chicken farmers can be supplied with whatever strain they need

第二篇The Development of PR

The rise of multinational corporations, global marketing, new communications technologies, and shrinking cultural differences have led to an unparalleled increase in global public relations or PR.

Surprisingly, since modern PR was largely an American invention, the U.S. leadership in public relations is being threatened by PR efforts in other countries. Ten years age, for example, the world?s top five public relations agencies were American-owned. In 1991, only one was. The British in particular are becoming more sophisticated and creative. A recent survey found that more than half of all British companies include PR as part of their corporate planning activities, compared to about one-third of U.S. companies. It may not belong before London replaces New York as the capital of PR.

Why is America lagging behind in the global PR race? Firstly, Americans as a whole tend to be fairly provincial and take more of an interest in local affairs. Knowledge of world geography, for example, has never been strong in this country. Secondly, American lag behind their European and Asian counterparts in knowing a second language. Less than 5 percent of Burson-Marshall?s U.S. employees know two languages. Ogilvy and Mather has about the same percentage. Conversely, some European firms have half or more of their employees fluent in a second language. Finally, people involved in PR abroad tend to keep a closer eye on international affairs. In the financial PR area, for instance, most Americans read the Wall Street Journal. Overseas, their counterparts read the Journal as well as the Financial Times of London and The Economist, publications not often read in this country.

Perhaps the PR industry might take a lesson from Ted Turner of CNN (Cable News Network). Turner recently announced that the word “foreign”would no longer be used on CNN news broadcasts. According to Turner, global communications have made the nations of the world so

interdependent that there is no longer any such thing as foreign.

36 According to the passage, U.S. leadership in public relations is being threatened because

of .

A shrinking cultural differences and new communication technologies

B increased efforts of other countries in public relations

C an unparalleled increase in the number of public relations companies

D the decreasing number of multinational corporations technologies

37 The underlined word “provincial” (Para. 3) most probably means “”.

A rigid in thinking

B interested in world financial affairs

C like people from the provinces

D limited in outlook

38 London could soon replace New York as the centre of PR because .

A British companies place more importance on PR than U.S. companies

B British companies are heavily involved in planning activities

C British companies are more ambitious than U.S.

D Four of the world?s top public relations agencies are British-owned

39 We learn from the third paragraph that employees in the American PR industry .

A enjoy reading a great variety of English business publications

B speak at least one foreign language fluently

C are ignorant about world geography

D are not as sophisticated as their European counterparts

40 What lesson might be the PR industry take from Ted Turner of CNN?

A The American PR industry should develop global communication technologies.

B People involved in PR should avoid suing the word “foreign”.

C American PR companies should be more internationally minded.

D People working in PR should be more fluent in foreign languages.

第三篇B atteries Built by Viruses

What do chicken pox, the common cold, the flu, and AIDS have in common? They?re all disease caused by viruses, tiny microorganisms that can pass from person to person. It?s no wonder that when most people think about viruses, finding ways to steer clear of viruses is what?s on people?s minds.

Not everyone runs from the tiny disease carriers, though. In Cambridge, Massachusetts, scientists have discovered that some viruses can be helpful in an unusual way. They are putting viruses to work, teaching them to build some of the world?s smallest rechargeable batteries.

Viruses and batteries may seem like an unusual pair, but they?re not so strange f or engineer Angela Belcher, who first came up with the idea. At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, she and her collaborators bring together different areas of science in new ways. In the case of the virus-built batteries, the scientists combine what they know about biology, technology and production techniques.

Belcher?s team includes Paula Hammond, who helps put together the tiny batteries, and Yet- Ming Chiang, an expert on how to store energy in the form of a battery. “We?re wo rking on things we traditionally don?t associate with nature,” says Hammond.

Many batteries are already pretty small. You can hold A, C and D batteries in your hand. The

coin-like batteries that power watches are often smaller than a penny. However, every year, new electronic devices like personal music players or cell phones get smaller than the year before. As these devices shrink,ordinary batteries won?t be small enough to fit inside.

The ideal battery will store a lot of energy in a small package. Right now, Belcher?s model battery, a metallic disk completely built by viruses, looks like a regular watch battery. But inside, its components are very small — so tiny you can only see them with a powerful microscope.

How small are these battery parts? To get some idea of the size, pluck one hair from your head. Place your hair on a piece of white paper and try to see how wide your hair is — pretty thin, right? Although the width of each person?s hair is a bit different, you could probably fit about 10 of these virus-built battery parts, side to side, across one hair. These microbatteries may change the way we look at viruses.

41 According to the first paragraph, people try to

A kill microorganisms related to chicken pox, the flu, etc.

B keep themselves away from viruses because they are invisible.

C stay away from viruses because they are causes of various diseases.

D cure themselves of virus-related diseases by taking medicines.

42 What is Belcher?s team doing at present?

A It is finding ways to get rid of viruses.

B It is mass-producing microbatteries.

C It is making batteries with viruses.

D It is analyzing virus genes.

43 What expression below is opposite in meaning to the word “shrink” appearing in paragraph

5?

A Broaden.

B Spread.

C Extend.

D Expand.

44 Which of the following is true of Belcher's battery mentioned in paragraph 6?

A It is made of metal.

B It is a kind of watch battery.

C It can only be seen with a microscope.

D It is a metallic disk with viruses inside it.

45 How tiny is one battery part?

A Its width is one tenth of a hair.

B It equals the width of a hair.。

C It is as thin as a piece of paper.

D Its width is too tiny to measure.

第五部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)

阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

Development in Newspaper Organization

One of the most important developments in newspaper organization during the first part of the twentieth century 46 ,which are known as wire services. Wire-service companies employed reporters, who covered stories all over the world. Their news reports were sent to papers throughout the country by telegraph. The papers paid an annual fee for this service. Wire services continue 47 . Today the major wire services are the Associated Press (AP) and United Press International (UPI).You will frequently find AP or UPI at the beginning of a news story.

Newspaper chains and mergers began to appear in the early 1900s. A chain consists of two or more newspapers 48 .A merger involves combining two or more papers into one. During the nineteenth century many cities had more than one competitive independent paper. Today in most cities there are only one or two newspapers, and 49 . Often newspapers in several cities belong to one chain. Papers have combined 50 . Chains and mergers have cut down production costs and brought the advantages of big-business methods to the newspaper industry.

A to play an important role in newspaper operations

B was the growth of telegraph services

C and they usually enjoy great prestige

D they are usually operated by a single owner

E in order to survive under the pressure of rising costs

F owned by a single person or organization

第六部分：完型填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)

阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

Giant Structures

It is an impossible 51 to select the most amazing wonders of the modern world since every year more wonderful constructions appear. Here are three giant structures which are 52 of our admiration although they may have been53 by some more recent wonders.

The Petronas Twin Towers

The Petronas Towers were the 54 buildings in the world when they were completed in 1999. With a height of 452 metres, the tall twin towers, like two thin pencils, dominate the city of Kuala Lumpur. At the 41st floor, the towers are linked by a bridge, symbolizing a gateway to the city. The American architect Cesar Pelli 55 the skyscrapers.

Constructed of high-strength concrete, the building provides around l, 800 square metres of office space on every floor. And it has a shopping centre and a concert hall 56 the base. Other 57 of this impressive building include double-decker lifts, and glass and steel sunshades.

The Millau Bridge

The Millau Bridge was opened in 2004 in the Tarn Valley, in southern France.At the time it was built, it was the world's58 bridge,reaching over 340m at the highest point. The bridge is described as one of the most amazingly beautiful bridges in the world. It was built to relieve Millau's congestion problems. The congestion was then59 by traffic passing from Paris to Barcelona in Spain. The bridge was built to 60 the most extreme seismic and

climatic conditions. 61 , it is guaranteed for 120 years!

The Itaipu Dam

The Itaipu hydroelectric power plant is one of the largest constructions of its kind in the world. It consists of a series of dams across the River Parana, which forms a natural border betweenBrazil6 and Paraguay. Started in 1975 and taking 16 years to complete, the construction was carried62 as a joint project between the two countries . The dam is well-known for both its electricity output and its size. In 1995 it produced 78% 0f Paraguay's and 25% 0f Brazil's 63 needs. In its construction, the amount of iron and steel used was 64 to over 300 Eiffel Towers. It is a truly amazing wonder of 65 .

51. A mask B ask C task D talk

52. A happy B worthy C lucky D funny

53. A surprised B surpassed C followed D succeed

54.A tallest B biggest C largest D heaviest

55. A designed B talked C decreased D denied

56. A on B in C at D of

57 A types B parts C roles D features

58. A biggest B highest C largest D lowest

59. A cut B caused C linked D run

60. A increase B decrease C withstand D reduce

61. A However B Though C Although D Besides

62. A in B on C off D out

63. A water B oil C energy D food

64. A supposed B due C equivalent D determined

65. A engineering B science C mathematics D physics

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