宁夏省2017年上半年四级公共营养师考试试卷

宁夏省2017年上半年四级公共营养师考试试卷

一、单项选择题（共27题，每题的备选项中，只有 1 个事最符合题意）

1、考虑营养需要及产妇的身体状况，正常分娩后适宜进食______。

A．固体食物，如肉、煮鸡蛋、饼干等

B．半流质食物，如蛋花汤

C．流质食物，如果汁

D．豆浆

E．牛奶

2、预防杂环胺类化合物污染的措施是____

A．增加蛋白质摄入量B．增加糖类摄入量C．增加脂肪摄入量D．增加蔬菜、水果摄入量

3、佝偻病常常是（）的临床表现。

A．维生素A缺乏

B．维生素B缺乏

C．维生素C缺乏

D．维生素D缺乏

4、人体体格测量中最重要的指标为__。

A．皮褶厚度

B．身高和体重

C．腰围和胸围

D．臀围

5、下列能被人体消化吸收的碳水化合物是____

A．棉子糖B．果胶C．纤维素D．淀粉

6、水肿型蛋白质一能量营养不良的主要特征为____

A．以蛋白质缺乏为主B．以能量缺乏为主C．以矿物质缺乏为主D．蛋白质和能量同时缺乏

7、某地区种植的蔬菜中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的含量较高，为降低其含量可使用____ A．氮肥B．钾肥C．磷肥D．钼肥

8、未经__签字，建筑材料、建筑构配件和设备不得在工程上使用或者安装，施工单位不得进行下一道工序的施工。

A．总监理工程师

B．监理工程师

C．业主代表

D．项目经理

9、B1亦称为

A．抗坏血病因数

B．抗不孕因子

C．抗神经元因子

D．抗癞皮症因子

10、主要存在于细胞内。对细胞内渗透压的维持起重要作用的是____

A．钙B．镁C．钠D．钾E．锌

11、下列营养素不具有清除体内自由基的作用的是__。

A．维生素E

B．硒

C．钙

D．β-胡萝卜素

12、____的人可食用发酵乳制品，减少饮用普通乳引起的肠内胀气、腹泻及呕吐现象。

A．胃肠炎B．乳糖不耐受症C．大手术后D．胰腺炎

13、屠宰后的肉品经“后熟产酸”处理可杀死____

A．炭疽杆菌B．鼻疽杆菌C．口蹄疫病毒D．布氏杆菌

14、营养教育的主要内容如下（）

A．有打算地对从事农业、商业、粮食、轻工、打算等部门有关人员进行医学保健知识培训

B．将营养知识纳入大学的教育内容

C．将营养工作内容纳入到初级卫生保健服务中，提高初级卫生保健人员的营养知识水平

D．将营养知识纳入成人高等教育课程

15、公共营养师在工作中，应该以（）为工作核心，时刻为服务对象着想。A．集体主义

B．爱国主义

C．为人民服务

D．社会主义

16、若每日动物性食物摄入量超过____g，就会造成动物油脂摄取过多。A．100 B．150 C．200 D．250

17、某食品工厂在生产腌鱼过程中，添加了少量的亚硫酸钠以起到漂白和防腐的作用。对此种做法的卫生评价是____

A．正确B．不正确，亚硫酸钠会使腌鱼退色C．不正确，亚硫酸钠会破坏维生素及矿物质D．不正确，亚硫酸钠的残留气味会掩盖腌鱼的腐败味18、人体营养状况的测定和评价，一般是通过____人体体格测量、营养水平的生化检验以及营养不足或缺乏的临床检查来进行综合的评价。

A．体重B．身高C．膳食调查D．坐高

19、中性脂肪又称为

A：甘油

B：脂肪酸

C：甘油三酯

D：磷脂

E：饱和脂肪酸

20、下列何者不是Vit D的缺乏症

A：高血酮症(Hyperkeratosis)

B：佝偻症(Rickets)

C：骨软化症(Osteomalacia)

D：低血钙症(Hypoealcemia)。

21、化验检验结果为++的人数属于____

A．计量资料B．等级资料C．计数资料D．以上都不是

22、赤霉病变中毒多发生于____

A．春季B．秋季C．春夏之交D．夏季

23、以玉米为主食的地区容易发生____

A．佝偻病B．脚气病C．脂溢性皮炎D．干眼病E．癞皮病24、与凝血有关的维生素是______。

A．抗坏血酸

B．维生素K

C．维生素D

D．维生素B1

E．维生素B2

25、对某部队进行膳食调查，最适宜采用下列哪种方法（）

A．称重法

B．查帐法

C．24小时回顾法

D．化学分析法

26、为了准确定量尿液中的肌酐，必须收集的尿液种类是____

A．餐后尿B．负荷尿C．24h尿D．白昼尿及夜间尿

27、米饭的生熟重量比值为0.4，如果有50g大米，能做出____g米饭。

A．20 B．40 C．125 D．200

二、多项选择题（共27题，每题的备选项中，有 2 个或 2 个以上符合题意，至少有1 个错项。）

1、一般来说，蔬菜、水果类主要提供__。

A．碳水化合物

B．蛋白质

C．膳食纤维

D．矿物质

E．维生素C和胡萝卜素

2、以下哪种食物是钙的最好来源______。

A．大白菜

B．谷类

C．牛奶

D．水果

3、食物能量的数值可通过____方法获得。

A．直接测定法B．间接计算法C．能量计算法D．减法E．除法

4、碳水化合物的来源应包括____

A．复合碳水化合物淀粉B．不消化的抗性淀粉C．非淀粉多糖D．低聚糖E．麦芽糖

5、毒蕈中毒常见的类型有____

A．胃肠炎型B．消化道型C．溶血型D．神经精神型E．脏器损害型

6、食物中毒人与人____引起直接污染

A．不会B．会C．一般情况下不会，特殊情况下会D．一般情况下会，特殊情况下不会

7、受膳食因素影响必须与结合的有机物分离才能被吸收的有____

A．血红蛋白铁B．铁蛋白C．非血红素铁D．血红素铁

8、糙皮病(癞皮病)的前驱症状不包括____

A．记忆力差B．疲劳乏力C．体重减轻D．脱发

9、具有抗氧化作用的营养素有____

A．果糖B．维生素E C．蛋白质D．硒E．维生素C

10、____等深海鱼及海兽的EPA和DHA含量较高。

A．狭鳕鱼肝油B．墨鱼肝油C．鲐鱼油D．远东沙丁鱼油E．南极磷虾的脂质

11、膳食调查常采用的方法有____

A．称重法B．记账法C．转账法D．询问法E．化学分析法12、在条件下，黄曲霉毒素能被破坏

A．加碱

13、中国营养强化盐有____

A．碘盐B．硒强化盐C．锌强化盐D．铁强化盐E．钙盐14、可以促进镁吸收的因素有______。

A．氨基酸

B．乳糖

C．葡萄糖

D．水

E．膳食纤维

15、__对人、畜均有强烈的毒害作用，毒性为霉菌毒素中之最。

A．黑斑病菌

B．霉菌毒素

C．黄曲霉毒素

D．肉毒杆菌

16、维生素B1缺乏的最主要原因是____

A：谷物加工过细

B：吸收障碍

C：存在抗硫胺素因子

D：饮酒

17、基础代谢是指维持人体最基本的能量消耗，用于维持__。

A．生命活动

B．消化活动

C．脑力活动

D．体力活动

18、1997年版的《中国居民膳食指南》包括__条内容。

A．5

B．6

C．7

D．8

19、关于诚实守信的说法，正确的有____

A．诚实守信是一种社会公德B．诚实是守信的基础，守信是诚实的具体表现C．诚实守信是任何人进行自我约束的基本要求D．为了公司的利益，

可以隐瞒部分事实真相E．为了节省客户的时司，可以投机取巧

20、一般来说，油类主要提供____

A．能量B．蛋白质C．维生素E D．碳水化合物E．必需脂肪酸

21、急性胰腺炎时应严格限制下列哪个营养素。()

A．糖类

B．脂肪

C．蛋白质

D．无机盐

22、《预包装食品标签通则》规定的非强制标示内容主要包括____

A．批号B．食用方法C．能量D．营养素E．配料的定量标示23、孕妇易缺乏的微量元素有______。

A．钙、铁、碘

B．锰、铁、锌

C．铁、碘、锌

D．铜、碘、锌

E．钙、铁、碘、锌

24、下列叙述何者错误

A：a、牛奶中得蛋白质是乳白蛋白

B：b、小麦中得蛋白质是壳蛋白(glutelios)

C：c、血液中得血清是白蛋白

D：d、头发与皮肤是属于球蛋白

25、下列叙述正确的是____

A．EAR是能够满足某一特定人群50%个体需要量的摄入水平B．EAR是能够满足某一特定人群绝大多数个体需要量的摄入水平C．日常摄入量低于EAR的个体在人群中的比例就等于该人群摄入不足个体的比例D．个体的摄入量高于EAR时，可以认为摄入量是充足的E．可以从AI来推测EAR 26、为了准确定量尿液中的肌酐，必须收集的尿液种类是____

A．餐后尿B．负荷尿C．24h尿D．白昼尿及夜间尿

27、米饭的生熟重量比值为0.4，如果有50g大米，能做出____g米饭。

A．20 B．40 C．125 D．200

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(-) -----2017^12^*￥S?Egai^i4SiB￥Si^#)8 — (S B1*) -.U l Part I Writing w,^f f i*^?i'j“how”±f f i0i n#*M a n-K s y6W“=^”3f s^^#,s^n r i￥^o k , x w u m-w a m w,-m h^m wrn,w msj&o l jm nrnm _,;i i|i i-p s w i}|-|'iw* J1-5^S^ T-^^^WiSS7XtfcLii|j j||(etemal find universal) 1112. X^$S A W W,]￡^^&zP i￡ii^'fi$8j(depend more on what children do) .1. MM&infc A,o u t-d a t e d)invisible generation gap) _j2' down our Pace)> ' |awkward silence between parents and us) 13. ^g A l?l^^i3^'9:XSt(talk more with parents) H>J rE f3M&,:R^f(frequ en t c o m m u n i c a t i o n)6^^ % Communication Is the Best Gift for Parents C l) The relationship between parents and children is an eternal and universal topic for m ankind. Our relationship with parents might be different at different ages. ? And for young people at their 20s, I think it will depend more on what children do. ?The reason why I say so is that as we grow up, our parents who were our idols before gradually get old and even out-dated. @However hard efforts they make, they could not catch up with our steps, leading to the so-called invisible generation gap. ? Thus, if we cannot slow down our pace,there will definitely be an awkward ?As a result ft W g i b:￥ silence between parents and us,which is not rare now. ?As a result, young people should talk more with P i eternal TjcfSfft parents to share our feelings and to understand each universal other better. Everyone wants loving parents who are open and supportive. ?Only through frequent communication with them,can we establish such a harmonious idol M invisible J U M&J awkward supportive relationship.establish jjiY/l #r* n o *t—■+/L￡&}%-&, ^.i A^ J j 5c#^ ￡ & A￡ j f*.& f-?-f & ￡?L

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2017 年12 月大学英语四级考试真题答案与详解（第2 套）Part I Writing 审题思路： 此次话题师生关系贴近学生生活，因此写起来并不难。简单开篇之后，考生应该将重点放在第二段，给出处理 好师生关系的一些建议。当然，这个话题还可以从不同的角度入手，比如老师应该如何做，或者师生共同努力，等 等。考生应结合自己的实际情况，从自己最擅长的角度写，这样容易做到言之有物。本文仅从学生角度给出了三条 处理好师生关系的建议。 高分范文： Teacher-student Relationship Is Never Complex The relationship between teachers and students has been hotly discussed in recent years in China for more and more attention has been paid to education. Today I would like to share some tips on how to get along well with teachers from students’ perspective. First and foremost, leave a good first impression on your teacher. As the saying goes, well begun is half done. A good first impression is important for teachers to remember your name among your fellow students. Secondly, study hard and be active in class. A student who loves study can definitely impress teachers deeply. Finally, keep contact with your teacher

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2017年12月英语四级考试真题全解析（第一套） 第一部分：写作 题目解析： 审题： 四级写作的第一步即读懂题目要求。读题目时我们需要在题干中去找“关键词”。本次作文中读完题目，建议同学们用笔勾画出来五个关键词，即五个要点，顺序依次是“30 minutes”、“essay”、“how”、“the relationship between doctors andpatients”、“write at least 120 words but no more than180 words”其中关于考试时间和作文字数的要求每年都一致。接下来审题的重点：这次写作要求我们写一篇常见的议论文，并且去简述如何处理医生和病人的关系。读完题目之后，我们了解到这次的写作主题即“医患关系（the relationship between doctors andpatients）”。 谋篇： 四级写作的第二步即布局三段结构，这次写作中强调“如何处理医患关系”，所以我们在第二段写作时，可以从两个维度出发—医生和患者—去叙述如何正确处理两个主体之间的关系。 框架：全文分为三个段落。第一段为话题引出段（可结合情景作文第一段，先表明自己的观点）；第二段为原因分析段（主要从医生/患者两个方面进行原因论述）；第三段为意义阐述段。 具体的范文如下，仅做参考： In the present age,it is generally acknowledged that the relationship between doctors and patients is playing indispensable roles inour lives.As far as I am concerned,we should balance this kind of relationship from two aspects,doctorsand patients. The causes of this perspective are multiple.In the first place,the reason hasbeen cited as a major reason that doctorscannot be understood,for patients always maintain doctors can cure all kindsof disease.This is mainly due to the fact that although medical technology and science are advanced at an amazingrate,there exists a multitude of various kinds of diseases we cannot cure.Furthermore,the reason can contribute this perspective that patients are believed to be lack of thefundamental medical knowledge,which results in this relationship are worried.Plenty of evidence has shown that anincreasing number of patients often go to extremes if their diseases cannot be cureinstantly. When it comes to ourmodern society,it is universally acknowledged that dealing with the relationship between doctors and patients in areasonable way plays a vitally important role in our lives.Undoubtedly,ifwe spare no efforts to do so,our future will be hopeful and promising.

2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题与答案(三套全)

2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案（第一套）Part I Writing （25 minutes） Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short easy on how to best handle the relationship between doctors and patients. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Listening Comprehension （25 minutes） Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1. A) Her friend Erika. C) Her grandfather. B) Her little brother. D) Her grandmother. 2. A) By taking pictures for passers-by. C) By selling lemonade and pictures. B) By working part time at a hospital. D) By asking for help on social media. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3. A) Finding cheaper ways of highway construction. B) Generating electric power for passing vehicles. C) Providing clean energy to five million people. D) Testing the efficiency of the new solar panel. 4. A) They can stand the wear and tear of natural elements. B) They can be laid right on top of existing highways. C) They are only about half an inch thick. D) They are made from cheap materials.

2017年12月英语四级真题答案及解析(第二套)

文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持. 2017 年12 月大学英语四级考试真题答案与详解（第2 套） 审题思路：Part I Writing 此次话题师生关系贴近学生生活，因此写起来并不难。简单开篇之后，考生应该将重点放在第二段，给出处理好师生关系的一些建议。当然，这个话题还可以从不同的角度入手，比如老师应该如何做，或者师生共同努力，等等。考生应结合自己的实际情况，从自己最擅长的角度写，这样容易做到言之有物。本文仅从学生角度给出了三条处理好师生关系的建议。 高分范文： Teacher-student Relationship Is Never C omplex The relationship between teachers and students has been hotly discussed in recent years in China for more and more attention has been paid to education. Today I would like to share some tips on how to get along well with teachers from students’ perspective. First and foremost, leave a good first impression on your teacher. As the saying goes, well begun is half done. A good first impression is important for teachers to remember your name among your fellow students. Secondly, study hard and be active in class. A student who loves study can definitely impress teachers deeply. Finally, keep contact with your teacher after. To conclude, teacher-student relationship is never complex if you could have an excellent academic performance, be cooperative in class or make friends with your teacher. 全文翻译： 师生关系并不复杂由于人们对教育越来越关注，师生关系近几年来中国引起热议。今天，我想从学生角度分享几条关于如何与老 师和睦相处的建议。首先，给老师留下良好的第一印象。常言道：良好的开端是成功的一半。良好的第一印象对于让老师从你的众 多同学中记住你非常重要。第二，努力学习，在课堂上积极表现。一个热爱学习的学生一定会让老师印象深刻。最 后，课下经常与老师沟通，这样你们就会成为朋友。 总结而言，如果你学业表现良好、课上积极配合或与老师成为朋友，那么师生关系就绝对不会复杂。 Part II Listening Comprehension Se c t i on A News Report One A New Jersey black bear that walks upright on its two back legs and has become a social media darling has re-emerged and has been captured on video months after its last sighting. The bear named Pedals was spotted in the town of Oak Ridge. In a video posted to Facebook featuring the bear, it appeared to be in relatively good health and was moving quickly. (1)Pedals apparently has an injured leg or paw that doesn’t allow it to walk comfortably on all fours according to experts. Lawrence Hajna, spokesman for the state Department of Environmental Protection, said officials expect the bear to make it through next winter. (2)The bear first gained fame after it was spotted wandering around neighborhoods and was caught on videos that were posted on social media and shown on national television. Last year, supporters pushed for Pedals to be moved to a shelter, but New Jersey officials have said they won’t allow the bear to be captured and transferred to the facility “The bear would do better in its natural habitat and the agency would step in if its condition deteriorated,” they said. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 未听先知：预览两道题各选项，主语多为It，结合第1 题选项中出现的its audience、catch people’s attention 和limbs 可知，It 指某个动物，因此本篇新闻内容与动物有关；再结合第2 题选项中出现的spotted、television、videos 和social media 等词可知，该动物因某种原因引起了媒体关注。 1.W hat is the probable reason the bear walks upright on its back legs? 答案：D 详解：新闻中提到，根据专家的说法，Pedals 明显有一条腿或者爪子受伤，这导致它无法舒服地四肢着地行走，因此答案为D。

2017年12月大学英语四级真题及答案

2017年12月大学英语四级真题及答案(第三套) Part I Writing (25 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay onhow to best handle the relationshop between teachers and students. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1. A) Her friend Erika. C) Her grandfather. B) Her little brother. D) Her grandmother. 2. A) By taking pictures for passers-by. C) By selling lemonade and pictures. B) By working part time at a hospital. D) By asking for help on social media. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3. A) Finding cheaper ways of highway construction. B) Generating electric power for passing vehicles. C) Providing clean energy to five million people. D) Testing the efficiency of the new solar panel. 4. A) They can stand the wear and tear of natural elements. B) They can be laid right on top of existing highways. C) They are only about half an inch thick.

2017年12月大学英语四级真题及答案解析(全三套)

2017年12月大学英语四级真题及答案解析(全三套) 四级听力第一套： News Report 1 A 9-year-old girl in New Mexico has raised more than $500 for her little brother who needs heart surgery in Houston, Texas this July. Addison Witulski's grandmother Kim Allred, said Addison probably overheard a conversation between family members talking about the funds needed to get her little brother to treatment. "I guess she overheard her grandfather and me talking about how we're worried about how we're going to get to Houston, for my grandson's heart surgery," said Allred. She decided to go outside and have a lemonade stand and make some drawings and pictures and sell them.” That's when Addison and her friends Erika and Emily Borden decided to sell lemonade for 50 cents a cup and sell pictures for 25 cents each. Before Allred knew it, New Mexico State Police Officers were among the many stopping by helping them reach a total of $568. The family turned to social media expressing their gratitude saying, "From the bottom of our hearts, we would like to deeply thank each and every person that stopped by!" 1: Who did Addison raise the money for? 2: How did Addison raise the money? 1.D) Her little brother. 2.B) By selling lemonade and pictures. News Report 2: Last week, France announced that the country will pave 621 miles of road with solar panels over the next five years with the goal of providing cheap, renewable energy to five million people. Called the Ward Way, the roads will be built through joint efforts with the French road building company Colas and the National Institute of Solar Energy. The