牛津小学英语5A英语
语法及练习
-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1
牛津小学英语5A英语语法及练习
There be结构
1、 there be结构表示“某时、某地存在着什么事物或人”。这种句子结构中的there是一个引导词,本身没有词义。be是谓语动词,be根据后面所及主语的不同而用is或are,地点或时间通常放在句子的最后。
2、 there be结构中,be在人称和数上应该与主语保持一致。主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is,是复数时用are。如:There is a book on the desk. There are some books on the desk.
3、若句子中有几个并列的主语时,be的形式要与离其最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致,也就是通常所说的“就近原则”。如:
There is a boy, a girl and two women in the house. There are ten students and a teacher in the classroom.
4、在陈述句中为了强调地点,也可将介词短语提到句首。如:In the tree there are five birds
5、There be的否定句:there be的否定句式通常在be动词后加not ,如果句中有some,要变成any。如:there are some children in the picture. 画上有一些小孩
6、There be的一般疑问句:仍然采用“一调二改三问号”的方法。把some变成any。
语法及练习8 There be句型与have, has
There be句型与have, has的区别
1、There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)
2、在there be 句型中,主语是单数,be 动词用is ; 主语是复数,be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品,be 动词根据最*近be 动词的那个名词决定。
3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。
4、there be句型与have(has) 的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。
5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用:some 用于肯定句, any 用于否定句或疑问句。
6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用:and 用于肯定句, or 用于否定句或疑问句。
7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是: How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语? How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?
8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:What’s + 介词短语?
Fill in the blank with “have,has”or “there is , there are”
1. I________a good father and a good mother.
2. ____________a telescope on the desk.
3. He_________a tape-recorder.
4. _____________a basketball in the playground.
5. She__________some dresses.
6. They___________a nice garden.
7. What do you___________ 8. ______________a reading-room in the building?
9. What does Mike___________ 10. ______________any books in the bookcase?
11. My father_________a story-book. 12. _______________a story-book on the table.
13. _______________any flowers in the vase? 14. How many students____________in the classroom?
15. My parents___________some nice pictures. 16. _____________some maps on the wall.
17. ______________a map of the world on the wall. 18. David__________a telescope.
19. David’s friends___________some tents. 20. ______________many children on the hill.
Fill in the blank with “ have, has ”
1. I_________ a nice puppet.
2. He_________a good friend.
3. They__________ some masks.
4. We___________some flowers.
5. She___________ a duck.
6. My father____________ a new bike.
7. Her mother___________a vase. 8. Our teacher_________ an English book.
9. Our teachers___________a basketball. 10. Their parents___________some blankets
11. Nancy_________many skirts. 12. David__________some jackets.
13. My friends__________a football. 14. What do you__________
15. What does Mike__________ 16. What do your friends___________
17. What does Helen___________ 18. His brother________a basketball.
19. Her sister_________a nice doll. 20. Miss Li__________an English book.
现在进行时
1、现在进行时表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。结构:助动词 be ( am / is / are ) +现在分词。
2、现在分词的构成:
(1)大多数动词后可在动词后直接加-ing:sweep-sweeping;drink-drinking
(2)如果动词以不发音的e结尾,则去掉-e,再加-ing,:come-coming;have-having;make-making
(3)请记住,下列单词要双写最后的辅音字母:swim—swimming;let-letting;put-putting;run-running;sit-sitting;forget-forgetting
3、现在进行时的否定形式:主语+be(am/ is/are)+not +doing+其他成分
I am not singing. They aren’t writing.
4、现在进行时的一般疑问句及回答:be(am/ is/are)+ 主语+doing+其他成分
Am I singing Yes, you are . / No, you aren’t.
Are they writing
Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.
5、现在进行时的特殊疑问句及回答:特殊疑问词+be(am/ is/are)+主语+doing+其他成分What are you doing We are playing basketball.
6、现在进行时表示现在正在发生的事情,往往与now、look、listen等词连用。
We are waiting for you now. What are you doing?
Look! He is opening the window.
一般现在时
1、动词第三人称词形变化(与名词的复数相近)
多数在动词后加s:play-plays;like-likes;
以s,x,sh,ch,o结尾的动词加es:go-goes;wash—washes;
以辅音字母加y结尾,把y改i再加es:fly-flies;study—studies。
2、动词be和 have的变化形式
“我”用am,“你”用are,is用于“他、她、它”
除了第三人称单数用has外,其它人称一律用have。
如:I (We,You, They) have a pen. You have a pen. She (He) has a pen. .
3、否定句:主语+助动词(do/does) + not +动词原形+其它成分
He doesn’t have a dog. We don‘t like the little cat.
4、一般疑问句:助动词(do/does)+主语+动词原形 + 其它成分
Do you like it Yes, I do. / No. I don‘t.
Does he (she) like it Yes, he ( she )does. / No, he (she) doesn’t.
5、特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句
What does he haveWhat do you do on Sunday?
代词
1、代词的种类:
(1)人称代词主格:I , you, he, she, it, we, you, they。在句子中作主语,通常放在句首。在疑问句中,通常放在第二位。如:I am a boy.
(2)人称代词宾格:me, you, him, her, it, us, you , them。在句子中作宾语,通常放在动词或者介词之后。Can you help me.
(3)物主代词:my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their。通常放在名词前,不能单独使用。
They are their teachers. Please give them some flowers.
(4)指示代词:this , that , these , those。前面两个表示单数,后面两个表示复数。如果作为限定词,都可以用the来替代。
(5)疑问代词:who, what, whose, which
2、在连续使用两个以上人称代词时,通常单数you放在第一位,I放在最后;复数we放在第一位,they 放在最后。简单记成:单数2、
3、1,复数1、2、3。都是第三人称单数,女后男在先。例如:
You and I can help each other
You, Tom and I are leaving next month.
We, you and they should go there together.
重要语法规则
以下一些语法规则要记牢:
1. like后面的可数名词一般用复数形式,但有his,this,her等限定词的除外。
如:I like apples. I like white shoes. We like this apple.
2. like后面的动词一般用它的ing形式。如:I like swimming. I like watching cartoons.
3. 在以may,can, will, shall 开头的疑问句中,后面的动词必须用原形。
如:Can you find it May I come in
4. 祈使句开头通常有please,let’s,don’t等词,后面的动词必须用原形。
如:Please give me some pens. Don’t draw on your book. Let’s go to the zoo.
5. To不作介词用时,后面的动词用原形。
如:I’d like to buy a car. Show me how to make it.
6. 在疑问句中,does后面的动词必须用原形。
如:Does he have a knife What does she want to do today?
语法及练习1 be动词
Be动词的用法:
(1) Am--was Is --was Are--were 口诀:我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它,复数全用are。
(2) 肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small.
(3) 一般疑问句 Am I a C hinese Yes, you are. No, you aren’t. Are they American Yes, they are. No, they aren’t. Is the cat fat Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
用恰当的be动词填空。
1. I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy No, I _____ not.
2. The girl______ Jack's sister.
3. The dog _______ tall and fat.
4. The man with big eyes _______ a teacher.
5. ______ your brother in the classroom?
6. Where _____ your mother She ______ at home.
7. How _______ your father?
8. Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school. 9. Whose dress ______ this?
10. Whose socks ______ they? 11. That ______ my red skirt.
12. Who ______ I? 13.The jeans ______ on the desk. 14. Here ______ a scarf for you.
15. Here ______ some sweaters for you. 16. The black gloves ______ for Su Yang.
17. This pair of gloves ______ for Yang Ling. 18. The two cups of milk _____ for me.
19. Some tea ______ in the glass. 20. Gao shan's shirt _______ over there.
21. My sister's name ______Nancy. 22. This ______ not Wang Fang's pencil.
23. ______ David and Helen from England 24. There ______ a girl in the room.
25. There ______ some apples on the tree. 26. _______ there any kites in the classroom?
27. _______ there any apple juice in the bottle? 28. There _______ some bread on the plate.
29. There _______ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park.
30. You, he and I ______ from China.
语法及练习2人称代词和物主代词
人称代词和物主代词
1.人称代词主格和宾格的区别:主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前(有时候位于than 之后),宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。
2.物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别:形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词,名词性则单独使用,后面不带名词。
一.填写代词表主格。
二.用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but _________ is very big. ( I )
2. The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she )
3. Is this _________ watch (you) No, it’s not _________ . ( I )
4. _________ is my brother. ________ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _________. ( he )
5. _________ dresses are red. (we) What colour are _________ ( you )
6. Here are many dolls, which one is _________ ( she )
7. I can find my toy, but where’s _________ ( you )
8. Show _________ your kite, OK (they)
9. I have a beautiful cat. _________name is Mimi. These cakes are _________. ( it )
10. Are these ________ tickets No, ________ are not _________. ________ aren’t here. ( they ) 11. Shall
_________ have a look at that classroom That is _________ classroom. ( we )
12. _________ is my aunt. Do you know _________ job _________ a nurse. ( she )
13. That is not _________ camera. _________is at home. ( he )
14. Where are _________ I can’t find _________. Let’s call _________ parents. ( they )
15. Don’t touch _________. _________ not a cat, _________ a tiger!
16. _________ sister is ill. Please go and get _________. ( she )
17. _________ don’t know her name. Would you please tell _________. ( we )
18. So many dogs. Let’s count _________. ( they )
19. I have a lovely brother. _________ is only 3. I like _________ very much. ( he )
20. May I sit beside _________ ( you )
21. Look at that desk. Those book are on _________. ( it )
22.The girl behind _________ is our friend. (she )
语法及练习3名词复数和动词三单
一、名词复数规则
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
5.不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
练习:写出下列各词的复数。
I _________ him _________ this _______ her ______ watch _______ book_______
child _______ photo ________ diary ______ day________ foot________ dress ________ tooth_______
sheep ______ box_______ strawberry _____ thief _______yo-yo ______ peach______ sandwich ______
man______ woman_______ paper_______ people________
二.动词三单的变化规则
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies
练习:写出下列动词的第三人称单数。
drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________ look _________
have_______ pass_______ carry ____ come________ watch______
plant_______ fly ________ study_______ brush________ teach_______
语法及练习4一般现在时
一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍
一般现在时的功能
1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。
2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。
3.表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
一般现在时的构成
1. be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:I am a boy.我是一个男孩。
2.行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:We study English.我们学习英语。
当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。
一般现在时的变化
1. be动词的变化。否定句:主语+ be + not +其它。如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。
一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它。如:-Are you a student
-Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike
2.行为动词的变化。否定句:主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。如:I don't like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn't构成否定句。如:He doesn't often play.
一般疑问句:Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。
如:- Do you often play football
- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。
如:- Does she go to work by bike
- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:How does your father go to work?
一般现在时用法专练:
一、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.
2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.
3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.
4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.
5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?
6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?
7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.
9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _______(like) cooking. 12. They _______(have) the same hobby.
13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _______(do) your homework well.
15. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed. 16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday.
17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE. 18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening.
19. Su Hai and Su Yang _____(have) eight lessons this term.
20. -What day _____(be) it today
-It’s Saturday.
二、按照要求改写句子。
1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句) ___________________________________________________
2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)
________________________________________________________
3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句,作肯定回答) ___________________________
4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)
___________________________________________________
5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句)
_______________________________________________________
6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句) ___________________________________________________
7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问)
________________________________________________________
8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问) ___________________________________________________
9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)
________________________________________________________
10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句)
___________________________________________________
语法及练习5现在进行时
现在进行时
1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。
2.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.
3.现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。
4.现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。
5.现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为:疑问词不达意 + be + 主语 + 动词ing?
但疑问词当主语时其结构为:疑问词不达意 + be + 动词ing?
动词加ing的变化规则
1.一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking
2.以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting
3.如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping
现在进行时专项练习:
一、写出下列动词的现在分词:
play________ run__________ swim _________ make__________ go_________
like________ write________ ski___________ read________ have_________
sing ________ dance_________ put_________ see________ buy _________
love_________ live_______ take_________ come ________ get_________
stop_________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________
二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空:
1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.
2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom .
3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now.
4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?
5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson .
6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.
7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .
8.What is our granddaughter doing She _________(listen ) to music.
9. It’s 5 o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper now 10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes Yes ,she is .
三、句型转换:
1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
2.The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答) _________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________ 3.I’m playing the football in the playgrou nd .(对划线部分进行提问)
_________________________________________________________________ 4.Tom is reading books in his study . (对划线部分进行提问)
_________________________________________________________________