高中英语阅读理解-事实细节题

阅读

第1讲事实细节题

细节理解题是高考英语阅读理解中占比重最大的一类题型, 这类题旨在考查考生对事实细节的理解。主要针对who, what, which, why, how, when, where等来提问, 可能只针对文章中某一特定的细节, 也可能涉及若干个细节。

【考纲解读】

1.从近几年实施细节题的考查来看，不仅是数量增加，而且难度也稍有增加，表现为：答案需要跨段落搜集信息；题目设置顺序与全文顺序不一致；题目信息与原文信息表达方式不一致。

2.以考查语言运用能力为主，考查语言知识为辅，考查的侧重点将向语篇能力的运用方面倾斜，要求考生运用自己的综合能力和知识结构去解题。

【命题规律】

考查理解文章主要细节的试题，命题人一般都是通过对文章细节加以改写来考查准确理解细节的能力。

细节题有可能是直接理解题，但多数情况下是间接理解题。要求在理解的基础上，通过思维将理解的内容系统化，条理化，比如计算，排序，选图等。

【命题趋势】

事实细节题呈增多趋势。题目将由简单的寻找信息转向多层次细节推理综合，答案需要跨段落搜集信息，单纯考查事实细节的题不太多。

【常考点清单】

of the following is true/false/mentioned

does the writer pay least attention to

the right order of the events given in the passage

of the following statements may be true/false except…..

of the following is not the result of….

【重点难点】

1.语义转换

[技巧点拨]

虽然说细节题的答案一般可以在文章中直接或间接地找到, 但是与阅读材料一模一样的正确选项是几乎没有的。而是用不同的词语或句型表达相同的意思, 即语意转换。解题时注意以下几点：

1. 顺序性原则：一般说来, 题序与其题眼在文章中的顺序相同。如第53题的答案信息会在第52题的答案信息之后。

2. 定位信息点：通过寻读法(scanning), 用题干中的关键词在文中搜索, 迅速确定相关词句或

信息点所在的位置, 缩小阅读范围。题干中可用来在文中搜索的关键词可能是专有名词、数词、实体名词, 以及这些词的同义表达等。

3. 理解信息点：在找到关键词句后, 要仔细阅读, 准确理解, 对照选项, 看哪个选项的意思与之最接近。

4. 排除干扰项：在作出选择的过程中, 要善于辨别真伪, 排除干扰, 不断缩小范围, 选出正确答案, 这就是我们常说的排除法。干扰项一般具有以下特征：

(1) 杜撰事实, 无中生有。文中根本找不到任何相关信息, 完全由命题人所捏造。

(2) 偷梁换柱, 以假乱真。采用原文中的句式和大部分词汇, 但换了个别词, 改变了原意或范围。

(3) 半真半假, 虚虚实实。干扰项与原文相关细节部分相同, 部分相悖。

(4)文不对题, 滥竽充数。干扰项是文中的事实细节, 但与题干要求不符。

[经典例题] ----

In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animal. This sometimes happens with humans also. But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people.

I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy.

From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people, but sometimes I feel sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily. They don’t get to see this soft side of others. Often, we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness, which includes a lot of pretending. But only when we stop pretending we’re brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness that’s in them.

1.The author has discovered that people will feel happy when ____.

A. they offer their help

B. they receive others’ help

C. they feel others’ kindness

D. they show their weakness

2.The author feels sad sometimes because ____.

A. he has a soft heart

B. he relies much on others

C. some people pretend to be kind

D. some people fail to see the kindness in others

2.是非判断

[技巧点拨]

这里的是非判断题, 主要是指true或not true, 以及含except等词的这类题。解答这类题, 一定要看清, 是选与文章内容相符的选项还是选不相符的选项, 或是选文中没有谈及的内容。

特别注意：NOT true这类题，要求选出一个错误选项, 也就是说, 有三个选项是正确的。考生千万不要看到一个正确选项时, 就以为这是要选的正确答案呀, 这点非常容易出错。Not true这类题涉及的信息点跨度大, 要注意作记号。

[经典例题]--

Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly.

The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food. Fever is one of the most common symptoms.

Certain microorganisms(微生物)cause most types of food poisoning. Bacteria and other microorganisms can poison eggs, meat, vegetables, and many other foods. After entering the body, these tiny living things release (释放)poisons that make people sick.

Some chemicals can also cause food poisoning. They are often added to food while it is being grown, processes, or prepared. For example, many farmers spray chemicals on crops to kill weeds and insects. Some people may have a bad reaction to those chemicals when they eat the crops.

Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people. These include certain kinds of seafood, grains, nuts, seeds, beans, and mushrooms.

When people handle food properly, the risk of food poisoning is very small...

of the following statements is NOT true

A. Food poisoned can make people sick.

B. Food poisoning means death.

C. Food poisoning comes in varieties.

D. Food poisoning can be serious.

2.Food poisoning can be caused by all the following EXCEPT ____.

A. some chemicals

B. low temperatures

C. some tiny living things

D. certain natural materials

【课堂练习】

【1】For many parents, raising a teenager is like fighting a long war, but years go by without any clear winner. Like a border conflict between neighboring countries, the parent-teen war is about boundaries: Where is the line between what I control and what you do

Why does the author compare the parent-teen war to a border conflict

A. Both can continue for generations

B. Both are about where to draw the line

C. Neither has any clear winner

D. Neither can be put to an end

【2】The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies.

What were the people asked to do in the study

A. To make a face at each other.

B. To get their faces impressive.

C. To classify some face pictures.

D. To observe the researchers’ faces.

【3】After World War Ⅱ, the population of most large American cities decreased; however, the population in many Sun Belt cities increased. Los Angeles and Houston are cities where

population shifts（转移）to and from the city reflect the changing values of American society. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, city residents became wealthier. They had more children so they needed more space. They moved out of their apartments in the city to buy their own homes. They bought houses in the suburbs.

Why did American city residents want to live in the suburbs after World War Ⅱ

A. Because older American cities were dying.

B. Because they were richer and needed more space.

C. Because cities contained the worst pare of society.

D. Because they could hardly afford a live in the city.

【4】When I was growing up in America, I was ashamed of my mother’s Chinese English. Because of her English, she was often treated unfairly. People in department stores, at banks, and at restaurants did not take her seriously, did not give her good service, pretended not to understand her, or even acted as if they did not hear her.

Why was the author’s mother poorly served

A. She was unable to speak good English.

B. She was often misunderstood.

C. She was not clearly heard.

D. She was not very polite.

【5】It was a village in India. The people were poor. However, they were not unhappy. After all, their forefathers had lived in the same way for centuries. Then one day, some visitors from the city arrived. They told the villagers there were some people elsewhere who liked to eat frog’s legs. However, they did not have enough frogs of their own, and so they wanted to buy frogs from other places.

From paragraph 1 we learn that the villagers __________.

A. worked very hard for centuries

B. dreamed of having a better life

C. were poor but somewhat content

D. lived a different life from their forefathers

【6】During the drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of 20 to 30 birds, but in April, when the rainy season begins, they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes.

Why do hoatzins collect together in smaller groups when the rainy season comes

A．To find more food. B．To protect themselves better.

C．To keep themselves warm. D．To produce their young.

【课后巩固练习】

【1】Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly. The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food. Fever is one of the most common symptoms.

We know from the passage that the symptoms of food poisoning _________.

A. are always accompanied by a fever

B. are too common to be noted

C. can be noticed within hours

D. can be ignored

【2】Modern inventions have speeded up people’s lives ama zingly. Motor-cars cover a hundred miles in little more than an hour, aircraft cross the world a day, while computers operate at

lightning speed. Indeed, this love of speed seems never-ending. Every year motor-cars are produced which go even faster and each new computer boasts（吹嘘）of saving precious seconds in handling tasks.

The new products become more and more time-saving because ______. .

A. our love on speed seems never-ending

B. time is limited

C. the prices are increasingly high

D. the manufacturers boast a lot

【3】Too much TV-watching can harm children’s ability to learn and even reduce their chances of getting a college degree, new studies suggest in the latest effort to examine the effects of television on children.

One of the studies looked at nearly 400 northern California third-graders. Those with TVs in their bedrooms scored about eight points lower on math and language arts tests than children without bedroom TVs.

According to the California study, the low-scoring group might _________.

A. have watched a lot of TV

B. not be interested in math

C. be unable to go to college

D. have had computers in their bedrooms

【4】Her job in travel writing began some eight years ago. After getting a PhD in English in Canada, she took a test for Frommer's travel guides, passed it, and got the job. After working at Frommer's, Jarolim worked for a while at Rough Guides in London, then Fodor's, where she fell so in love with a description of the Southwest of the U.S. that she moved there.

Now as a travel writer, she spends one-third of her year on the road. The rest of the time is spent completing her tasks and writing reviews of restaurants at home in Tucson, Arizona. Which country does Jarolim live in now

A. Mexico.

B. The U.S.

C. The

D. Canada

【5】Amy Johnson was born on July 1, 1903, in Hull Yorkshire and lived there until she went to Sheffield University in 1923 to read for a BA. After graduating, she moved on to work as a secretary to a London solicitor（律师）where she also became interested in flying. Amy began to learn to fly at the London Aeroplane Club in the winter of 1928-1929 and her hobby soon became an all-consuming determination, not simply to make a career in aviation（航空）,but to succeed in some projects, which would demonstrate to the world that women could be as competent（能干）as men in hitherto（迄今为止）male dominated field.

Her first important achievement, after flying solo, was to qualify as the first British-trained woman ground engineer. For a while she was the only woman G:E. in the world.

Early in 1930, she chose her objective: to fly solo（fly by herself）to Australia and to beat Bert Hinkler’s record of 16 days. At first, her efforts to raise financial（经济的）support failed, but finally Lord Wakefield shared the 600 pound purchase prices of a used DH Gypsy Moth（GAAAH）and it was named Jason after the family business trademark.

Amy set off alone in a single engine Gypsy Moth from Groyson on May 5, 1930, and landed in Darwin on May 24, an epic flight of 11,000 miles. She was the first woman to fly alone to Australia.

In July 1931, she set an England to Japan record in a Puss Moth with Jack Humphreys. In July 1932, she set a record from England to Capetown, solo, in a Puss Moth. In May, 1936, she set a record from England to Capetown, solo, in a Percival Gull , a flight to retrieve（gain again）her 1932 record.

With her husband, Jim Mollison, she also flew in a DH Dragon nonstop from Pendine Sands,

South Wales, to the United States in 1933. They also flew nonstop in record time to India in 1934 in a DH Comet in the England to Australia air race. The Mollisons were divorced in 1938.

After her commercial flying ended with the outbreak of World War II in 1939, Amy joined the Air Transport Auxiliary, a pool of experienced pilots who were ineligible（不合格）for RAF service. Her flying duties consisted of ferrying（carrying by plane）aircraft from factory airstrip（起落地带）to RAF（英国皇家空军）bases.

1. What did Amy Johnson do after she graduated from Sheffield University

A. She became a secretary to a London solicitor.

B. She went to the air force.

C. She became the first female group engineer in the world.

D. She began to learn to fly at an aero plane club.

2. Which of the following is false

A. Amy Johnson spent her childhood in Sheffield.

B. In Amy Johnson’s time, aviation was a male dominated field.

C. Amy Johnson flew solo for several times.

D. Amy Johnson was the first woman to fly alone to Australia.

3. According to the passage, how many records Amy had set

A. Three .

B. Four .

C. Five .

D. Six .

4. How did Amy solve the financial problem when in early 1930 she chose her objective: to fly solo to Australia and to beat Bert Hinkler’s record of 16 days

A. She successfully raised financial support.

B. She shared the money necessary for the flight with her husband.

C. A businessman shared the purchase price of a used plane with Amy’s father.

D. Her father gave her the money.

高中阅读理解细节题解题技巧及练习

阅读专题-----细节题 一、题型特点与命题方式 所谓细节题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。细节事实理解题 主要考查考生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要实事的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题 两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩，从阅读材料中可以找到。这种题难度低，只要学生读懂文章，就 能得分，属于低层次题。而语义理解题须将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换才能得出结论。这类 题目要求考生能理解原文中某个短语或句子的含义，从而找到与答案意思相同的词语和句子。 这类试题旨在考查考生对事实细节的确定。这类试题一般只针对文章中某一特定的细节，也可能涉及若 干个细节，或者针对文章的主要事实，或利用图形图表或地图来表示信息等。此类试题一般又可分为两类： 一是直接理解题，答案可在原文中直接找到;二是词义转换题，答案是原文中有关词语和句子的转换，而不能 在原文中直接找到。 一般包括直接理解题（在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who, what, when, where, why和how等提问。）语义转化题（需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工 或整理后方能得出结论）、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题 型的关键，也是做好其它类型问题的基础。这类题型的题干常为： When / Where did the story happen? Which of the following statements is (not) correct? Which of the following statements is (not) mentioned in the passage? Which is the right order of the events given in the passage? All the statements are true except… Which of the following statements is true/NOT true/false, according to the passage? Choose the right order of the events given in the passage? 该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。所以，搜查信息在阅读中非常重 要，它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属 于这类围绕主体展开的细节。做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问 题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。 二、解题思路与应试技巧 细节题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题，正确答案的根据一定可以在原文中找 到，即原文的改写往往成为正确选项。 通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征： 1、对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。 2、词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障 碍。 3、语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确答案。 4、正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项（适用于寻找错误选项的题目）。 干扰项也是以文章中的某个细节设题，若不仔细辨别，很容易把它当成正确选项。干扰项有以下特征： 1、将原文内容扩大或缩小。把原文中的限定词去掉或替换，使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误选项。 2、把未然当已然。改变文中某句话的时态，如把将来时变成现在时，把未发生的事情当成已发生的事 情。 3、无中生有。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论，而文中并未涉及。 4、偷换概念。把原来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”，所述细节确实与原文一致，一不小心就会误选。 5、文不对题。这类题最不容易辨别，选项中的描述与原文完全一致，确属原文中的一个细节，这时要 回到题干，看该选项是否能回答题干所提的问题。

中考英语阅读理解题-----细节理解题

xx英语阅读理解题-----细节理解题 和推理判断题的解题技 巧 中考英语阅读理解题-----细节理解题和推理判断题的解题技巧细节理解题 阅读理解是中考的必考题型，因为它能全面快速地反映出学生的英语水平。阅读理解题型有很多种，但从命题角度来看，通常可以分为四种：即事实细节题、推理判断题、猜测词义题和主旨大意题。 事实理解题主要考查学生对文章中的细节与具体事实的把握能力，内容涉及询问事实、原因、结果和目的等，属于浅层次的理解题，难度较低。同学们需要在有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，发现文章中的细节信息，然后遵循由整体到细节的原则，把握作者的思路，按全文—段落—词语的步骤来解题。 一、命题特点 事实细节题的考点非常明确，主要有以下几处： 1、列举信息处常考。 文章中first…second, to begin with, in addition, on one hand, on the other hand等并列关系出现的地方，常会要求考生从所列的内容 中，选择符合题干要求的选项。 2、举列与打比方之处常考。 考生要对那些引出例子或比喻的标志词，如as, such as, forexample, for instance等加以注意，因为这些词是作者为使自己的观点更具说服力而用来引出具体事例的，这些事例就是常考的细节处。

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