The+Lottery原文

The Lottery

by Shirley Jackson

Word Count: 3773

The morning of June 27th was clear and sunny, with the fresh warmth of a full-summer day; the flowers were blossoming profusely and the grass was richly green. The people of the village began to gather in the square, between the post office and the bank, around ten o'clock; in some towns there were so many people that the lottery took two days and had to be started on June 26th. but in this village, where there were only about three hundred people, the whole lottery took less than two hours, so it could begin at ten o'clock in the morning and still be through in time to allow the villagers to get home for noon dinner.

The children assembled first, of course. School was recently over for the summer, and the feeling of liberty sat uneasily on most of them; they tended to gather together quietly for a while before they broke into boisterous play, and their talk was still of the classroom and the teacher, of books and reprimands. Bobby Martin had already stuffed his pockets full of stones, and the other boys soon followed his example, selecting the smoothest and roundest stones; Bobby and Harry Jones and Dickie Delacroix-- the villagers pronounced this name "Dellacroy"--eventually made a great pile of stones in one corner of the square and guarded it against the raids of the other boys. The girls stood aside, talking among themselves, looking over their shoulders at the boys, and the very small children rolled in the dust or clung to the hands of their older brothers or sisters.

Soon the men began to gather, surveying their own children, speaking of planting and rain, tractors and taxes. They stood together, away from the pile of stones in the corner, and their jokes were quiet and they smiled rather than laughed. The women, wearing faded house dresses and sweaters, came shortly after their menfolk. They greeted one another and exchanged bits of gossip as they went to join their husbands. Soon the women, standing by their husbands, began to call to their children, and the children came reluctantly, having to be called four or five times. Bobby Martin ducked under his mother's grasping hand and ran, laughing, back to the pile of stones. His father spoke up sharply, and Bobby came quickly and took his place between his father and his oldest brother.

The lottery was conducted--as were the square dances, the teen club, the Halloween program--by Mr. Summers, who had time and energy to devote to civic activities. He was a round-faced, jovial man and he ran the coal business, and people were sorry for him because he had no children and his wife was a scold. When he arrived in the square, carrying the black wooden box, there was a murmur of conversation among the villagers, and he waved and called, "Little late today, folks." The postmaster, Mr. Graves, followed him, carrying a three- legged stool, and the stool was put in the

center of the square and Mr. Summers set the black box down on it. The villagers kept their distance, leaving a space between themselves and the stool, and when Mr. Summers said, "Some of you fellows want to give me a hand?" there was a hesitation before two men, Mr. Martin and his oldest son, Baxter, came forward to hold the box steady on the stool while Mr. Summers stirred up the papers inside it.

The original paraphernalia for the lottery had been lost long ago, and the black box now resting on the stool had been put into use even before Old Man Warner, the oldest man in town, was born. Mr. Summers spoke frequently to the villagers about making a new box, but no one liked to upset even as much tradition as was represented by the black box. There was a story that the present box had been made with some pieces of the box that had preceded it, the one that had been constructed when the first people settled down to make a village here. Every year, after the lottery, Mr. Summers began talking again about a new box, but every year the subject was allowed to fade off without anything's being done. The black box grew shabbier each year: by now it was no longer completely black but splintered badly along one side to show the original wood color, and in some places faded or stained.

Mr. Martin and his oldest son, Baxter, held the black box securely on the stool until Mr. Summers had stirred the papers thoroughly with his hand. Because so much of the ritual had been forgotten or discarded, Mr. Summers had been successful in having slips of paper substituted for the chips of wood that had been used for generations. Chips of wood, Mr. Summers had argued, had been all very well when the village was tiny, but now that the population was more than three hundred and likely to keep on growing, it was necessary to use something that would fit more easily into he black box. The night before the lottery, Mr. Summers and Mr. Graves made up the slips of paper and put them in the box, and it was then taken to the safe of Mr. Summers' coal company and locked up until Mr. Summers was ready to take it to the square next morning. The rest of the year, the box was put way, sometimes one place, sometimes another; it had spent one year in Mr. Graves's barn and another year underfoot in the post office. and sometimes it was set on a shelf in the Martin grocery and left there. There was a great deal of fussing to be done before Mr. Summers declared the lottery open. There were the lists to make up--of heads of families, heads of households in each family, members of each household in each family. There was the proper swearing-in of Mr. Summers by the postmaster, as the official of the lottery; at one time, some people remembered, there had been a recital of some sort, performed by the official of the lottery, a perfunctory, tuneless chant that had been rattled off duly each year; some people believed that the official of the lottery used to stand just so when he said or sang it, others believed that he was supposed to walk among the people, but years and years ago this part of the ritual had been allowed to lapse. There had been, also, a ritual salute, which the official of the lottery had had to use in addressing each person who came up to draw from the box, but this also had changed with time, until now it was felt necessary only for the official to speak to each person

approaching. Mr. Summers was very good at all this; in his clean white shirt and blue jeans, with one hand resting carelessly on the black box, he seemed very proper and important as he talked interminably to Mr. Graves and the Martins.

Just as Mr. Summers finally left off talking and turned to the assembled villagers, Mrs. Hutchinson came hurriedly along the path to the square, her sweater thrown over her shoulders, and slid into place in the back of the crowd. "Clean forgot what day it was," she said to Mrs. Delacroix, who stood next to her, and they both laughed softly. "Thought my old man was out back stacking wood," Mrs. Hutchinson went on, "and then I looked out the window and the kids was gone, and then I remembered it was the twenty-seventh and came a-running." She dried her hands on her apron, and Mrs. Delacroix said, "You're in time, though. They're still talking away up there."

Mrs. Hutchinson craned her neck to see through the crowd and found her husband and children standing near the front. She tapped Mrs. Delacroix on the arm as a farewell and began to make her way through the crowd. The people separated good-humoredly to let her through; two or three people said, in voices just loud enough to be heard across the crowd, "Here comes your Missus, Hutchinson," and "Bill, she made it after all." Mrs. Hutchinson reached her husband, and Mr. Summers, who had been waiting, said cheerfully, "Thought we were going to have to get on without you, Tessie." Mrs. Hutchinson said, grinning, "Wouldn't have me leave m'dishes in the sink, now, would you. Joe?" and soft laughter ran through the crowd as the people stirred back into position after Mrs. Hutchinson's arrival.

"Well, now," Mr. Summers said soberly, "guess we better get started, get this over with, so's we can go back to work. Anybody ain't here?"

"Dunbar," several people said. "Dunbar, Dunbar."

Mr. Summers consulted his list. "Clyde Dunbar," he said. "That's right. He's broke his leg, hasn't he? Who's drawing for him?"

"Me, I guess," a woman said, and Mr. Summers turned to look at her. "Wife draws for her husband," Mr. Summers said. "Don't you have a grown boy to do it for you, Janey?" Although Mr. Summers and everyone else in the village knew the answer perfectly well, it was the business of the official of the lottery to ask such questions formally. Mr. Summers waited with an expression of polite interest while Mrs. Dunbar answered.

"Horace's not but sixteen yet," Mrs. Dunbar said regretfully. "Guess I gotta fill in for the old man this year."

"Right," Mr. Summers said. He made a note on the list he was holding. Then he asked, "Watson boy drawing this year?"

A tall boy in the crowd raised his hand. "Here," he said. "I m drawing for m'mother and me." He blinked his eyes nervously and ducked his head as several voices in the crowd said things like "Good fellow, Jack," and "Glad to see your mother's got a man to do it."

"Well," Mr. Summers said, "guess that's everyone. Old Man Warner make it?" "Here," a voice said, and Mr. Summers nodded.

A sudden hush fell on the crowd as Mr. Summers cleared his throat and looked at the list. "All ready?" he called. "Now, I'll read the names--heads of families first--and the men come up and take a paper out of the box. Keep the paper folded in your hand without looking at it until everyone has had a turn. Everything clear?"

The people had done it so many times that they only half listened to the directions; most of them were quiet, wetting their lips, not looking around. Then Mr. Summers raised one hand high and said, "Adams." A man disengaged himself from the crowd and came forward. "Hi, Steve," Mr. Summers said, and Mr. Adams said, "Hi, Joe." They grinned at one another humorlessly and nervously. Then Mr. Adams reached into the black box and took out a folded paper. He held it firmly by one corner as he turned and went hastily back to his place in the crowd, where he stood a little apart from his family, not looking down at his hand.

"Allen," Mr. Summers said. "Anderson.... Bentham."

"Seems like there's no time at all between lotteries any more," Mrs. Delacroix said to Mrs. Graves in the back row. "Seems like we got through with the last one only last week."

"Time sure goes fast," Mrs. Graves said.

"Clark.... Delacroix."

"There goes my old man," Mrs. Delacroix said. She held her breath while her husband went forward.

"Dunbar," Mr. Summers said, and Mrs. Dunbar went steadily to the box while one of the women said, "Go on, Janey," and another said, "There she goes."

"We're next," Mrs. Graves said. She watched while Mr. Graves came around from the side of the box, greeted Mr. Summers gravely and selected a slip of paper from the box. By now, all through the crowd there were men holding the small folded papers in their large hands, turning them over and over nervously Mrs. Dunbar and her two sons

stood together, Mrs. Dunbar holding the slip of paper.

"Harburt.... Hutchinson."

"Get up there, Bill," Mrs. Hutchinson said, and the people near her laughed.

"Jones."

"They do say," Mr. Adams said to Old Man Warner, who stood next to him, "that over in the north village they're talking of giving up the lottery."

Old Man Warner snorted, "Pack of crazy fools," he said. "Listening to the young folks, nothing's good enough for them. Next thing you know, they'll be wanting to go back to living in caves, nobody work any more, live that way for a while. Used to be a saying about 'Lottery in June, corn be heavy soon.' First thing you know, we'd all be eating stewed chickweed and acorns. There's always been a lottery," he added petulantly. "Bad enough to see young Joe Summers up there joking with everybody."

"Some places have already quit lotteries," Mrs. Adams said.

"Nothing but trouble in that," Old Man Warner said stoutly. "Pack of young fools."

"Martin." And Bobby Martin watched his father go forward. "Overdyke.... Percy."

"I wish they'd hurry," Mrs. Dunbar said to her older son. "I wish they'd hurry."

"They're almost through," her son said.

"You get ready to run tell Dad," Mrs. Dunbar said.

Mr. Summers called his own name and then stepped forward precisely and selected a slip from the box. Then he called, "Warner."

"Seventy-seventh year I been in the lottery," Old Man Warner said as he went through the crowd. "Seventy-seventh time."

"Watson." The tall boy came awkwardly through the crowd. Someone said, "Don't be nervous, Jack," and Mr. Summers said, "Take your time, son."

"Zanini."

After that, there was a long pause, a breathless pause, until Mr. Summers, holding his slip of paper in the air, said, "All right, fellows." For a minute, no one moved, and then all the slips of paper were opened. Suddenly, all the women began to speak at

once, saying, "Who is it?" "Who's got it?" "Is it the Dunbars?," "Is it the Watsons?" Then the voices began to say, "It's Hutchinson. It's Bill," "Bill Hutchinson's got it."

"Go tell your father," Mrs. Dunbar said to her older son.

People began to look around to see the Hutchinsons. Bill Hutchinson was standing quiet, staring down at the paper in his hand. Suddenly, Tessie Hutchinson shouted to Mr. Summers, "You didn't give him time enough to take any paper he wanted. I saw you. It wasn't fair!"

"Be a good sport, Tessie, " Mrs. Delacroix called, and Mrs. Graves said, "All of us took the same chance."

"Shut up, Tessie," Bill Hutchinson said.

"Well, everyone," Mr. Summers said, "that was done pretty fast, and now we've got to be hurrying a little more to get done in time." He consulted his next list. "Bill," he said, "you draw for the Hutchinson family. You got any other households in the Hutchinsons?"

"There's Don and Eva," Mrs. Hutchinson yelled. "Make them take their chance!"

"Daughters draw with their husbands' families, Tessie," Mr. Summers said gently. "You know that as well as anyone else."

"It wasn't fair," Tessie said.

"I guess not, Joe," Bill Hutchinson said regretfully. "My daughter draws with her husband's family, that's only fair. And I've got no other family except the kids."

"Then, as far as drawing for families is concerned, it's you," Mr. Summers said in explanation, "and as far as drawing for households is concerned, that's you, too. Right?"

"Right," Bill Hutchinson said.

"How many kids, Bill?" Mr. Summers asked formally.

"Three," Bill Hutchinson said. "There's Bill, Jr., and Nancy, and little Dave. And Tessie and me."

"All right, then," Mr. Summers said. "Harry, you got their tickets back?"

Mr. Graves nodded and held up the slips of paper. "Put them in the box, then," Mr.

Summers directed. "Take Bill's and put it in."

"I think we ought to start over," Mrs. Hutchinson said, as quietly as she could. "I tell you it wasn't fair. You didn't give him time enough to choose. Everybody saw that."

Mr. Graves had selected the five slips and put them in the box, and he dropped all the papers but those onto the ground, where the breeze caught them and lifted them off.

"Listen, everybody," Mrs. Hutchinson was saying to the people around her.

"Ready, Bill?" Mr. Summers asked, and Bill Hutchinson, with one quick glance around at his wife and children, nodded.

"Remember," Mr. Summers said, "take the slips and keep them folded until each person has taken one. Harry, you help little Dave." Mr. Graves took the hand of the little boy, who came willingly with him up to the box. "Take a paper out of the box, Davy," Mr. Summers said. Davy put his hand into the box and laughed. "Take just one paper," Mr. Summers said. "Harry, you hold it for him." Mr. Graves took the child's hand and removed the folded paper from the tight fist and held it while little Dave stood next to him and looked up at him wonderingly.

"Nancy next," Mr. Summers said. Nancy was twelve, and her school friends breathed heavily as she went forward, switching her skirt, and took a slip daintily from the box "Bill, Jr.," Mr. Summers said, and Billy, his face red and his feet overlarge, nearly knocked the box over as he got a paper out. "Tessie," Mr. Summers said. She hesitated for a minute, looking around defiantly, and then set her lips and went up to the box. She snatched a paper out and held it behind her.

"Bill," Mr. Summers said, and Bill Hutchinson reached into the box and felt around, bringing his hand out at last with the slip of paper in it.

The crowd was quiet. A girl whispered, "I hope it's not Nancy," and the sound of the whisper reached the edges of the crowd.

"It's not the way it used to be," Old Man Warner said clearly. "People ain't the way they used to be."

"All right," Mr. Summers said. "Open the papers. Harry, you open little Dave's."

Mr. Graves opened the slip of paper and there was a general sigh through the crowd as he held it up and everyone could see that it was blank. Nancy and Bill. Jr., opened theirs at the same time, and both beamed and laughed, turning around to the crowd and holding their slips of paper above their heads.

"Tessie," Mr. Summers said. There was a pause, and then Mr. Summers looked at Bill Hutchinson, and Bill unfolded his paper and showed it. It was blank.

"It's Tessie," Mr. Summers said, and his voice was hushed. "Show us her paper. Bill."

Bill Hutchinson went over to his wife and forced the slip of paper out of her hand. It had a black spot on it, the black spot Mr. Summers had made the night before with the heavy pencil in the coal company office. Bill Hutchinson held it up, and there was a stir in the crowd.

"All right, folks," Mr. Summers said. "Let's finish quickly."

Although the villagers had forgotten the ritual and lost the original black box, they still remembered to use stones. The pile of stones the boys had made earlier was ready; there were stones on the ground with the blowing scraps of paper that had come out of the box. Mrs. Delacroix selected a stone so large she had to pick it up with both hands and turned to Mrs. Dunbar. "Come on," she said. "Hurry up."

Mrs. Dunbar had small stones in both hands, and she said. gasping for breath, "I can't run at all. You'll have to go ahead and I'll catch up with you."

The children had stones already, and someone gave little Davy Hutchinson few pebbles.

Tessie Hutchinson was in the center of a cleared space by now, and she held her hands out desperately as the villagers moved in on her. "It isn't fair," she said. A stone hit her on the side of the head.

Old Man Warner was saying, "Come on, come on, everyone." Steve Adams was in the front of the crowd of villagers, with Mrs. Graves beside him.

"It isn't fair, it isn't right," Mrs. Hutchinson screamed and then they were upon her.

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《素书》全文翻译

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污。 避嫌远疑，所以不误。博学切问，所以广知。高行微言，所以修身。 恭俭谦约，所以自守。深计远虑，所以不穷。亲仁友直，所以扶颠。 近恕笃行，所以接人。任材使能，所以济物。殚恶斥谗，所以止乱。 推古验今，所以不惑。先揆后度，所以应卒。设变致权，所以解结。 括囊顺会，所以无咎。橛橛梗梗，所以立功。孜孜淑淑，所以保终。 本德宗道章第四 夫志，心独行之术。长没长于博谋，安没安于忍辱，先没先于修德，乐没乐于好善，神没神于至诚，明没明于体物，吉没吉于知足，苦没苦于多愿，悲没悲于精散，病没病于无常，短没短于苟得，幽没幽于贪鄙，孤没孤于自恃，危没危于任疑，败没败于多私。 道义章第五 以明示下者暗，有过不知者蔽，迷而不返者惑，以言取怨者祸，令与心乖者废，后令缪前者毁，怒而无威者犯，好众辱人者殃，戮辱所任者危，慢其所敬者凶，貌合心离者孤，亲谗远忠者亡，近色远贤者昏，女谒公行者乱，私人以官者浮，凌下取胜者侵，名不胜实者耗。略己而责人者不治，自厚而薄人者弃废。以过弃功者损，群下外异者

如何翻译古文

如何翻译古文 学习古代汉语，需要经常把古文译成现代汉语。因为古文今译的过程是加深理解和全面运用古汉语知识解决实际问题的过程，也是综合考察古代汉语水平的过程。学习古代汉语，应该重视古文翻译的训练。 古文翻译的要求一般归纳为信、达、雅三项。“信”是指译文要准确地反映原作的含义，避免曲解原文内容。“达”是指译文应该通顺、晓畅，符合现代汉语语法规范。“信”和“达”是紧密相关的。脱离了“信”而求“达”，不能称为翻译；只求“信”而不顾“达”，也不是好的译文。因此“信”和“达”是文言文翻译的基本要求。“雅”是指译文不仅准确、通顺，而且生动、优美，能再现原作的风格神韵。这是很高的要求，在目前学习阶段，我们只要能做到“信”和“达”就可以了。 做好古文翻译，重要的问题是准确地理解古文，这是翻译的基础。但翻译方法也很重要。这里主要谈谈翻译方法方面的问题。 一、直译和意译 直译和意译是古文今译的两大类型，也是两种不同的今译方法。 1．关于直译。所谓直译，是指紧扣原文，按原文的字词和句子进行对等翻译的今译方法。它要求忠实于原文，一丝不苟，确切表达原意，保持原文的本来面貌。例如： 原文：樊迟请学稼，子曰：“吾不如老农。”请学为圃。子曰：“吾不如老圃。”（《论语?子路》） 译文：樊迟请求学种庄稼。孔子道：“我不如老农民。”又请求学种菜蔬。孔子道：“我不如老菜农。”（杨伯峻《论语译注》） 原文：齐宣王问曰：“汤放桀，武王伐纣，有诸？”（《孟子?梁惠王下》） 译文：齐宣王问道：“商汤流放夏桀，武王讨伐殷纣，真有这回事吗？（杨伯峻《孟子译注》） 上面两段译文紧扣原文，字词落实，句法结构基本上与原文对等，属于直译。 但对直译又不能作简单化理解。由于古今汉语在文字、词汇、语法等方面的差异，今译时对原文作一些适当的调整，是必要的，并不破坏直译。例如： 原文：逐之，三周华不注。（《齐晋鞌之战》） 译文：〔晋军〕追赶齐军，围着华不注山绕了三圈。

The-Lottery---摸彩书评知识分享

The Lottery 商英132班莫雨清We all know “lottery” which is typically thought of as something good because it usually involves getting something such as money or prizes. But the book《The Lottery》written by Shirley Jackson gave us a new definition of this word and it turned out to be a cruel and horrible one. The author, Shirley Jackson,was an influential American writer. Her works have received increasing attention from literary critics in recent years. Her most stories’ themes are evil which include the abnormal psychology or supernatural powers and the best story is "The Lottery" , ironically giving the lottery a bad meaning. The story contrasts details of contemporary small town American life with an annual ritual know as “the lottery”.On 27 June, 300 residents in this village assembled together with strange and nervous mood. Mr.Summers conducted the lottery, carrying a box wooden box with slips of paper. In the first round of the lottery, the head of each family draws a small slip of paper; Bill Hutchinson gets the one slip with a black spot, meaning that his family has been chosen. In the next round, each Hutchinson family member draws a slip, and Bill’s wife Tessie got the marked slip. In keeping with tradition, Tessie who protesting about the fairness of the lottery was stoned to death by others. The author’s writing techniques are very exquisite. At the beginning, the happy children make readers feel comfortable and think that the story is a happy and easy one. We are led to believe everything is fine because we do not really know what anyone is thinking. But it turned out to be a cruel and horrible one that the conflict is resolved with Tessie being stoned to death. However, there are several foreshadows. The first clue is stone which was mentioned for many times. Children had stuffed pockets full of stones to hurt people in the end. The second one is name. Mr.Graves’ name is simply a foreshadow of the grave situation to come; the name Warmer can be seen as a literal warning against ceasing the tradition of the lottery.

7首古诗全文翻译

钱塘湖春行全文翻译： 从孤山寺的北面到贾亭的西面，湖面春水刚与堤平，白云重重叠叠，同湖面上的波澜连成一片。 几处早出的黄莺争着飞向向阳 的树木，谁家新来的燕子衔着春泥在筑巢。 繁多而多彩缤纷的春花渐渐 要迷住人的眼睛，浅浅的春草刚刚能够遮没马蹄。 我最喜爱西湖东边的美景，游览不够，尤其是绿色杨柳荫下的白沙堤。

天净沙·秋思对照翻译： 枯藤老树昏鸦， 枯藤缠绕着老树，树枝上栖息着黄昏时归巢的乌鸦， 小桥流水人家， 小桥下，流水潺潺，旁边有几户人家， 古道西风瘦马。 在古老荒凉的道路上，秋风萧瑟，一匹疲惫的瘦马驮着我蹒跚前行。 夕阳西下， 夕阳向西缓缓落下， 断肠人在天涯。 悲伤断肠的人还漂泊在天涯。

酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠对照翻译：巴山楚水凄凉地，二十三年弃置身。 在巴山楚水这些凄凉的地方，度过了二十三年沦落的光阴。 怀旧空吟闻笛赋，到乡翻似烂柯人。 怀念故友徒然吟诵闻笛小赋，久谪归来感到已非旧时光景。 沉舟侧畔千帆过，病树前头万木春。 沉船的旁边正有千帆驶过，病树的前头却是万木争春。 今日听君歌一曲，暂凭杯酒长精神。 今天听了你为我吟诵的诗篇，暂且借这一怀美酒振奋精神。

过零丁洋对照翻译： 辛苦遭逢起一经， 回想我早年由科举入仕历尽苦辛，干戈寥落四周星。 如今战火消歇已熬过了四个周星。 山河破碎风飘絮， 国家危在旦夕恰如狂风中的柳絮， 身世浮沉雨打萍。 个人又哪堪言说似骤雨里的浮萍。 惶恐滩头说惶恐， 惶恐滩的惨败让我至今依然惶恐， 零丁洋里叹零丁。 零丁洋身陷元虏可叹我孤苦零丁。 人生自古谁无死，

人生自古以来有谁能够长生不死， 留取丹心照汗青。 我要留一片爱国的丹心映照汗青。 饮酒对照翻译： 结庐在人境，而无车马喧。 我家建在众人聚居繁华道，可从没有烦神应酬车马喧闹。 问君何能尔，心远地自偏。 要问我怎能如此超凡洒脱，心灵避离尘俗自然幽静。

齐晋鞌之战原文和译文

鞌之战选自《左传》又名《鞍之战》原文：楚癸酉，师陈于鞌(1)。邴夏御侯，逢丑父为右②。晋解张御克，郑丘缓为右(3)。侯日：“余姑翦灭此而朝食(4)”。不介马而驰之⑤。克伤于矢，流血及屦2 未尽∧6)，曰：“余病矣(7)！”张侯曰：“自始合(8)，而矢贯余手及肘(9)，余折以御，左轮朱殷(10)，岂敢言病吾子忍之！”缓曰：“自始合，苟有险，余必下推车，子岂＿识之(11)然子病矣！”张侯曰：“师之耳目，在吾旗鼓，进退从之。此车一人殿之(12)，可以集事(13)，若之何其以病败君之大事也擐甲执兵(14)，固即死也(15)；病未及死，吾子勉之(16)！”左并辔(17) ，右援拐鼓(18)。马逸不能止(19)，师从之，师败绩。逐之，三周华不注(20) 韩厥梦子舆谓己曰：“旦辟左右！”故中御而从齐侯。邴夏曰：“射其御者，君子也。”公曰：“谓之君子而射之，非礼也。”射其左，越于车下；射其右，毙于车中。綦毋张丧车，从韩厥，曰：“请寓乘。”从左右，皆肘之，使立于后。韩厥俛，定其右。逢丑父与公易位。将及华泉，骖絓于木而止。丑父寝于轏中，蛇出于其下，以肱击之，伤而匿之，故不能推车而及。韩厥执絷马前，再拜稽首，奉觞加璧以进，曰：“寡君使群臣为鲁、卫请，曰：‘无令舆师陷入君地。’下臣不幸，属当戎行，无所逃隐。且惧奔辟而忝两君，臣辱戎士，敢告不敏，摄官承乏。” 丑父使公下，如华泉取饮。郑周父御佐车，宛茷为右，载齐侯以免。韩厥献丑父，郤献子将戮之。呼曰：“自今无有代其君任患者，有一于此，将为戮乎”郤子曰：“人不难以死免其君，我戮之不祥。赦之，以劝事君者。”乃免之。译文1：在癸酉这天，双方的军队在鞌这个地方摆开了阵势。齐国一方是邴夏为齐侯赶车，逢丑父当车右。晋军一方是解张为主帅郤克赶车，郑丘缓当车右。齐侯说:“我姑且消灭了这些人再吃早饭。”不给马披甲就冲向了晋军。郤克被箭射伤，血流到了鞋上，但是仍不停止擂鼓继续指挥战斗。他说:“我受重伤了。”解张说:“从一开始接战，一只箭就射穿了我的手和肘，左边的车轮都被我的血染成了黑红色，我哪敢说受伤您忍着点吧！”郑丘缓说:“从一开始接战，如果遇到道路不平的地方，我必定（冒着生命危险）下去推车，您难道了解这些吗不过，您真是受重伤了。”daier 解张说:“军队的耳朵和眼睛，都集中在我们的战旗和鼓声，前进后退都要听从它。这辆车上还有一个人镇守住它，战事就可以成功。为什么为了伤痛而败坏国君的大事呢身披盔甲，手执武器，本来就是去走向死亡，伤痛还没到死的地步，您还是尽力而为吧。”一边说，一边用左手把右手的缰绳攥在一起，用空出的右手抓过郤克手中的鼓棰就擂起鼓来。（由于一手控马，）马飞快奔跑而不能停止，晋军队伍跟着指挥车冲上去，把齐军打得打败。晋军随即追赶齐军，三次围绕着华不注山奔跑。韩厥梦见他去世的父亲对他说:“明天早晨作战时要避开战车左边和右边的位置。”因此韩厥就站在中间担任赶车的来追赶齐侯的战车。邴夏说:“射那个赶车的，他是个君子。”齐侯说: “称他为君子却又去射他，这不合于礼。”daier 于是射车左，车左中箭掉下了车。又射右边的，车右也中箭倒在了车里。（晋军的）将军綦毋张损坏了自己的战车，跟在韩厥的车后说: “请允许我搭乗你的战车。”他上车后，无论是站在车的左边，还是站在车的右边，韩厥都用肘推他，让他站在自己身后——战车的中间。韩厥又低下头安定了一下受伤倒在车中的那位自己的车右。于是逢丑父和齐侯（乘韩厥低头之机）互相调换了位置。将要到达华泉时，齐侯战车的骖马被树木绊住而不能继续逃跑而停了下来。（头天晚上）逢丑父睡在栈车里，有一条蛇从他身子底下爬出来，他用小臂去打蛇，小臂受伤，但他（为了能当车右）隐瞒了这件事。由于这样，他不能用臂推车前进，因而被韩厥追上了。韩厥拿着拴马绳走到齐侯的马前，两次下拜并行稽首礼，捧着一杯酒并加上一块玉璧给齐侯送上去，

the lottery读后感

the lottery读后感 篇一：the lottery读后感 昨天查资料时看到有篇文章这样说Jackson写的这篇故事：美国大多数人应该都知道这篇文章，即使不知道是谁写的，也应该知道“ The Lottery（摸彩）”这个故事。 我感觉，这篇《The Lottery（摸彩）》的性质，应该和《皇帝的新装》差不多吧。 看完那篇《The Lottery》之后，心里嗟吁不已。那个小镇有个上百年来一直沿袭着的传统，每年六月里的一天，总会把小镇上的人们聚集在一起，摸彩。 随着故事散漫地进展，我也散漫地读着。天气如何地好，女孩子们如何地聚在一起聊些无聊的话，男孩子们如何地搞闹追逐着玩石块。大人们如何有一句没一句地拉家常，等着摸彩。镇长如何地捧了大盒子过来，如何准备工作都做好了。然后怎样一个人一个人地被叫上去摸彩。 故事就这么有一搭没一搭地进展着。等所有人都摸了彩以后，镇长才让大家一起打开摸到的纸片。我呢，仍是不在意地读着。 直到读到结尾，抽到彩的那人原来是要被全村人用石头打死。于是从刚刚散漫的故事进展中我忽地一惊，吓了一跳。心里嗟吁不已。 摸彩是这个镇上人上百年来的习俗，每年都要摸彩摸出一个人来，然后其余的人用石块将他打死。人们在摸彩前后及扔石块时竟没有一点哀痛，只是忙忙碌碌地想快快打完了收工，赶着回家继续各自没干完的活儿。因为对于这样一个“传统”，镇上的每个人都已是根深蒂固地习惯了，在他们的概念里，摸彩是理所当然的，摸到彩的人要被众人打死也是理所当然的。 而作为局外人，读完之后只觉的哭笑不得，好不可思议！因为这个传统本身就是如此地没道理，如此地荒谬，也如此地恶心。 我开始时不喜欢这个故事，可后来越想便越感受到它寓意的丰蕴醇厚。 事实自然是如此，坚持着一个传统的人自然是觉的自己所坚持的传统是理所当然的。我们也是如此。而问题是：你如何知道在这些你认为是理所当然的传统中，哪些是真理，哪些仅仅是由传统和文化影响所成的定式思维呢？哪些是该坚持的，哪些是不该坚持的呢？不光是“传统”，其实是推到我们所信之事的每一个层面。 我不是说该怀疑所有，我是说，总有些是该被怀疑推止的，也总有些是该经的起怀疑的洗礼后更加坚稳的。 篇二：the lottery读后感

小学古诗词原文与译文

小学古诗词原文与译文 咏鹅 [唐]骆宾王 鹅鹅鹅，鹅，鹅，鹅，弯着脖子，向着天空，欢快地唱歌。曲项向天歌。它雪白的羽毛，飘浮在绿水上，红色的鹅掌轻轻地白毛浮绿水，地划动着清澈的水波。 红掌拨清波。 画 无名氏 远看山有色，从远处看山，可以清楚看到山的颜色，走到溪流近近听水无声。旁，却听不到水流的声响。春天已经过去了，但花春去花还在，儿还照样开放着，人走近时，树上的小鸟却并不惊人来鸟不惊。慌飞去。 静夜思 [唐] 白 床前明月光，皎洁的月光洒照在床前，我还以为是地上降了霜。疑是地上霜。抬头看着高洁的明月,不由得低下头来思念起家乡。举头望明月， 低头思故乡。

悯农(积累) [唐] 绅 锄禾日当午，烈日当空，正当中午，农民还在地里锄草，又累又汗滴禾下土。热，汗水不停地滴落在禾苗下的泥土上。哪个知道谁知盘中餐，碗里的饭食，每一粒都是农民经过辛辛苦苦的劳动粒粒皆辛苦。换来的啊！ 春晓(课文) [唐]孟浩然 春眠不觉晓，春夜一觉睡到天亮，刚刚醒来，就听到鸟儿到处啼处处闻啼鸟。叫，才知道已是清晨。一夜风吹雨打，不知道有多 夜来风雨声，少花朵被打落了！ 花落知多少。 村居(课文) [清]高鼎 草长莺飞二月天，农历二月里，春草茁壮地生长，黄莺儿快乐地飞翔，拂堤柳醉春烟。柳柔软的枝条飘动，轻佛着堤岸，似乎醉在浓 儿童散学归来早，浓的春烟中。一群儿童放学早归，赶忙趁着吹来的忙趁东风放纸鸢。一股暧和的东风放风筝。

所见(课文) [清]袁枚 牧童骑黄牛。放牧的儿童骑着黄牛，一边走，一边唱歌，响亮的歌声振林樾。歌声在树林里振荡.他想要捕捉在树上鸣叫的知了, 意欲捕鸣蝉，就立即停止唱歌，紧闭着嘴，悄悄地站在树旁。忽然闭口立。 小池(课文) [宋]万里 泉眼无声惜细流，泉眼里悄然无声地流出泉水，好像很爱惜这涓涓细树阴照水爱晴柔。流，不愿多流一点，树荫倒映在池水里，让人多么小荷才露尖尖角，喜爱这晴天的柔美风光。池中荷叶那尖尖的角儿才早有蜻蜓立上头。露出水面，就已经有蜻蜓停落在上头了。 赠景文(课文) [宋] 轼 荷尽已无擎雨盖，荷花枯败的茎叶，再也不能举起绿伞遮挡风雨了，菊残犹有傲霜枝。菊花叶儿凋零，唯有那枝干斗风傲霜。一年中最美一年好景君须记，好的光景，请您一定要记住，还是在橙黄橘绿的初正是橙黄橘绿时。冬时节。

江苏省邳州市备考2012高考语文预测试题(7)苏教版

江苏省邳州市备考2012高考语文预测试题（七） 1. 下列词语中加点的字，每对的读音都不相同的一项是（） A.漂泊／剽窃畸形／绮丽歼灭／纤夫 B.散漫／蔓延气概／慷慨舞弊／遮蔽 C.切磋／切实抒怀／枢纽跌宕／荡涤 D.横幅／横祸猥琐／泾渭苍茫／怆然 2．下列各句中，没有语病的一句是（3分）（） A．像我们这些从象牙塔走出来，自认为受过高等教育，所谓“年轻气盛”，由于观念的差异、自身的经验阅历不足，可能会导致和父辈意见相左。 B．这次活动的宗旨是以展现锡剧艺术形成、发展的历史过程为目的，并以此推动地方文化建设，弘扬民族文化优秀传统。 C．面对千万户住房困难家庭翘首期盼，如何确保保障房公平分配，不仅牵动着整个社会的神经，更考验着各级政府的执政水平。 D．常州的梳篦、留青竹刻、乱针绣，凭借悠久的历史，精湛的工艺和深厚的文化底蕴，成为海内外游客备受青睐的手工艺品。 3．阅读下面的图表，从两个方面概括其中所包含的主要信息。(3分) (1)__________________________________________________________________ (2)__________________________________________________________________

4．为纪念“五四”青年节，学校的网站开辟了“五四’回音壁”专栏。请你在上面简短留言，不超过40字，至少运用一种修辞手法，力求有文采。(5分) 答:__________________________________________________________________ 二、文言文阅读(19分) 阅读下面的文言文，完成5—8题。 东染院使种君墓志铭 [宋]范仲淹 君讳世衡，字仲平，国之劳臣也。不幸云亡，其子泣血请铭于予。予尝经略陕西，知君最为详，惧遗其善，不可不从而书之。 初康定元年春，夏戎犯延安，我师不利。君时任鄜州从事，建言：延安东北二百里有故宽州，请因其废垒而兴之，以当寇冲。朝廷从之，以君董役事，与兵民暴露数月，且战且城。然处险无泉，议不可守。凿地百有五十尺，始至于石，工徒拱手曰：“是不可井矣。”君曰：“过石而下，将无泉耶?尔攻其石，屑而出之，凡一畚，偿尔百金。”工复致其力，过石数重，泉果沛发，饮甘而不耗。万人欢呼曰：“神乎！虽虏兵重围，吾无困渴之患矣。”用是复作数井，兵民马牛皆大足。自兹西陲堡障患无泉者皆仿此，大蒙利焉。 既而朝廷署故宽州为青涧域，授君内殿承制，知城事，复就迁供备库副使：旌其劳也。青涧东北一舍而远，距无定河。河之北有虏寨，虏常济河为患。君屡使属羌击之，往必破走。建营田二千顷，岁取其利；募商贾使通其货，或先贷之本，速其流转。乃建白凡城中刍粮钱币，暨军须城守之具，不烦外计，一请自给。使一子专视士卒之疾，调其汤饵，常戒以笞责，期于必瘳，土卒无不感泣。王公尧臣安抚陕西，言君治状。上悦，降诏褒之曰：“边臣若此，朕复何忧!” 庆历二年春，予按巡环州。乃请于朝，愿易君理环。君乃周行境内，入属羌聚落，抚以恩意，如青涧焉。有兀二族受夏戎伪署，君遣人招之，不听。即出兵诛之，死者半，归者半，尽以其地壁牛羊赏诸有功。其僭受伪署者咸股粟请命。由是属羌无复敢贰。 君少尚气节，莅官，能摘恶庇民。青涧与环人，皆画君之像而享事之。及终，史民暨属羌酋长朝夕临柩前者数日。 铭曰：呜呼种君，生于贤门。吾志必立，吾力是陈。捍虏之志，义边之民；夙夜乃职，星霜厥身。生则有涯，死宜不泯。 (选自《范文正公文集》，有删节) [注]①瘳(chou：病愈。②义(少)：安定。

《鞌之战》阅读答案(附翻译)原文及翻译

《鞌之战》阅读答案（附翻译）原文及翻 译 鞌之战[1] 选自《左传成公二年（即公元前589年）》 【原文】 癸酉，师陈于鞌[2]。邴夏御齐侯[3]，逢丑父为右[4]。晋解张御郤克，郑丘缓为右[5]。齐侯曰：余姑翦灭此而朝食[6]。不介马而驰之[7]。郤克伤于矢，流血及屦，未绝鼓音[8]，曰：余病[9]矣！张侯[10]曰：自始合，而矢贯余手及肘[11]，余折以御，左轮朱殷[12]，岂敢言病。吾子[13]忍之！缓曰：自始合，苟有险[14]，余必下推车，子岂识之[15]？然子病矣！张侯曰：师之耳目，在吾旗鼓，进退从之[16]。此车一人殿之[17]，可以集事[18]，若之何其以病败君之大事也[19]？擐甲执兵，固即死也[20]。病未及死，吾子勉之[21]！左并辔[22]，右援枹而鼓[23]，马逸不能止[24]，师从之。齐师败绩[25]。逐之，三周华不注[26]。 【注释】 [1]鞌之战：春秋时期的著名战役之一。战争的实质是齐、晋争霸。由于齐侯骄傲轻敌，而晋军同仇敌忾、士气旺盛，战役以齐败晋胜而告终。鞌：通鞍，齐国地名，在今山东济南西北。 [2]癸酉：成公二年的六月十七日。师，指齐晋两国军队。陈，

列阵，摆开阵势。 [3]邴夏：齐国大夫。御，动词，驾车。御齐侯，给齐侯驾车。齐侯，齐国国君，指齐顷公。 [4]逢丑父：齐国大夫。右：车右。 [5]解张、郑丘缓：都是晋臣，郑丘是复姓。郤（x ）克，晋国大夫，是这次战争中晋军的主帅。又称郤献子、郤子等。 [6]姑：副词，姑且。翦灭：消灭，灭掉。朝食：早饭。这里是吃早饭的意思。这句话是成语灭此朝食的出处。 [7]不介马：不给马披甲。介：甲。这里用作动词，披甲。驰之：驱马追击敌人。之：代词，指晋军。 [8] 未绝鼓音：鼓声不断。古代车战，主帅居中，亲掌旗鼓，指挥军队。兵以鼓进，击鼓是进军的号令。 [9] 病：负伤。 [10]张侯，即解张。张是字，侯是名，人名、字连用，先字后名。 [11]合：交战。贯：穿。肘：胳膊。 [12]朱：大红色。殷：深红色、黑红色。 [13]吾子：您，尊敬。比说子更亲切。 [14]苟：连词，表示假设。险：险阻，指难走的路。 [15]识：知道。之，代词，代苟有险，余必下推车这件事，可不译。 [16]师之耳目：军队的耳、目（指注意力）。在吾旗鼓：在我们

The Lottery(英文版)

"The Lottery" (1948) by Shirley Jackson The morning of June 27th was clear and sunny, with the fresh warmth of a full-summer day; the flowers were blossoming profusely and the grass was richly green. The people of the village began to gather in the square, between the post office and the bank, around ten o’clock; in some towns there were so many people that the lottery took two days and had to be started on June 20th, but in this village, where there were only about three hundred people, the whole lottery took less than two hours, so it could begin at ten o’clock in the morning and still be through in time to allow the villagers to get home for noon dinner. The children assembled first, of course. School was recently over for the summer, and the feeling of liberty sat uneasily on most of them; they tended to gather together quietly for a while before they broke into boisterous play, and their talk was still of the classroom and the teacher, of books and reprimands. Bobby Martin had already stuffed his pockets full of stones, and the other boys soon followed his example, selecting the smoothest and roundest stones; Bobby and Harry Jones and Dickie Delacroix—the villagers pronounced this name “Dellacroy”—eventually made a great pile of stones in one corner of the square and guarded it against the raids of the other boys. The girls stood aside, talking among themselves, looking over their shoulders at the boys, and the very small children rolled in the dust or clung to the hands of their older brothers or sisters. Soon the men began to gather, surveying their own children, speaking of planting and rain, tractors and taxes. They stood together, away from the pile of stones in the corner, and their jokes were quiet and they smiled rather than laughed. The women, wearing faded house dresses and sweaters, came shortly after their menfolk. They greeted one another and exchanged bits of gossip as they went to join their husbands. Soon the women, standing by their husbands, began to call to their children, and the children came reluctantly, having to be called four or five times. Bobby Martin ducked under his mother’s grasping hand and ran, laughing, back to the pile of stones. His father spoke up sharply, and Bobby came quickly and took his place between his father and his oldest brother. The lottery was conducted—as were the square dances, the teen club, the Halloween program—by Mr. Summers, who had time and energy to devote to civic activities. He was a round-faced, jovial man and he ran the coal business, and people were sorry for him because he had no children and his wife was a scold. When he arrived in the square, carrying the black wooden box, there was a murmur of conversation among the villagers, and he waved and called. “Little late today, folks. ” The postmaster, Mr. Graves, followed him, carrying a three-legged stool, and the stool was put in the center of the square and Mr. Summers set the black box down on it. The villagers kept their distance, leaving a space between themselves and the stool, and when Mr. Summers said, “Some of you fellows want to give me a hand?” there was a hesitation before two men. Mr. Martin and his oldest son, Baxter, came forward to hold the box steady on the stool while Mr. Summers stirred up the papers inside it. The original paraphernalia for the lottery had been lost long ago, and the black box now resting on the stool had been put into use even before Old Man Warner, the oldest man in town, was born. Mr. Summers spoke frequently to the villagers about making a new box, but no one