10月自学考试英语二真题试卷答案详解

2013年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试

英语（二）试卷真题解析

（课程代码00015）

本试卷分为选择题和非选择题两部分，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。

第一部分为选择题。考生必须在“答题卡”上按要求填涂作答。

第二部分为非选择题。

第一部分选择题

一、阅读判断（第1—10题，共10分）

短文后列出10个句子，根据短文内容判断每个句子。A是正确，B是错误，C是文中未提及。

Farms Appear in Cities

When you hear the word “farm”, you may imagine the countryside with cows and crops. But scientists say the farms of the future could be built in tall buildings in some large cities.

It may be difficult to believe, but in fact, the technology for growing crops in doors already exists. Farming in the city is already happening. Some vegetables are already grown in greenhouses. Even the scientists at the South Pole research station can enjoy fresh vegetables they grow in their own greenhouse.

Experts say indoor farming solves many problems. First, traditional farming takes up a lot of land. Growing crops in tall buildings — called vertical farming（垂直农业）— can solve the problem. Also, fruits and vegetables grown indoors would not face serious threats from insects and weather.

Thou gh vertical farms don’t exist yet, experts have created a plan for recycling in such farms. The water from indoor fish ponds would be used to water crops. Gases from crop waste would be used to heat the building. Waste from chicken or pigs would be reused as a source of energy.

But experts believe vertical farming is not going to be easy. They say it can be difficult to control climate conditions indoors. Besides, Plants differ in their weather and lighting needs. For example, some plants like warm, sunny weather, but other plants prefer cooler temperatures.

That’s not to say these difficulties won’t be overcome —but it will take time. Most experts suggest it may take about 5 to 15 years before the first vertical farms could be created.

【参考译文】

农场出现在城市里（城中农场）

当听到“农场”一词，你可能联想到乡下的母牛和庄稼等等。但科学家说，未来的农场可能会建在一些大城市的高楼里。

此事可能难以置信，可是事实上，在室内种庄稼已经存在了。城市里的农场已经出现，某些蔬菜已经在温室里生长。甚至在南极科考站，科学家们能享用他们在温室里自己栽种的新鲜蔬菜。

据专家们说室内农场可以解决许多问题。首先，传统农场占据大片土地。在高楼里种庄稼（称之为垂直农业）可以解决此问题。再者说，水果和蔬菜室内种植不会受到害虫和气候的威胁。

尽管垂直农场尚未成为现实，但是专家们已经在一些农场创建了再循环计划：把室内养鱼池的水用于浇灌农作物，把来自于农作物的废气用于建筑物的供热，来自于鸡和猪的粪便重新利用作为能源。

但是专家认为垂直农业并不是一件容易的事。他们说，控制室内气候环境是困难的。除此之外，植物对气候和光照需求有差异。例如，一些植物喜好温暖、阳光普照的气候，但另一些植物更喜欢较凉爽的温度。

并不是说这些困难不能克服——但是这将需要花时间。大多数专家指出，建立起第一个垂直农场可能需要五年到十五年的时间。

word “farm” may make you think of the countryside.

A. True

B. False

C. Not Given

【答案】A

【解析】从第一段you may imagine the countryside with cows and crops可知，当提到“农场”这个词就会使你联想到乡村。

is still a dream for people to grow crops indoors.

A. True

B. False

C. Not Given

【答案】B

【解析】从第二段in fact, the technology for growing crops in doors already exists. Farming in the city is already happening.可知，在室内种植不仅仅是个梦想。

at the South Pole research station live a hard life.

A. True

B. False

C. Not Given

【答案】C

【解析】文中提到南极科考站的科学家在室内种植蔬菜，但是并未提及他们生活是否艰苦。

farming does not need as much land as traditional farming.

A. True

B. False

C. Not Given

【答案】A

【解析】正确常识，“垂直农场”当然不需要像传统农场那样大片土地。

fruits and vegetables are very expensive in cities.

A. True

B. False

C. Not Given

【答案】C

【解析】新鲜的水果和蔬菜在城市里是否非常昂贵，文中未提及。

grown indoors would not be badly harmed by insects.

A. True

B. False

C. Not Given

【答案】A

【解析】从第三段fruits and vegetables grown indoors would not face serious threats from insects and weather.可知，生长在室内的庄稼不会有虫害。

do not know how to reuse the animal waste in vertical farms.

A. True

B. False

C. Not Given

【答案】B

【解析】从第四段Waste from chicken or pigs would be reused as a source of energy.可知，科学家知道在垂直农场如何利用动物的粪便。

experts say vertical farming could be difficult.

A. True

B. False

C. Not Given

【答案】A

【解析】从第五段But experts believe vertical farming is not going to be easy.可知，科学家认为建垂直农场不是件容易的事情。

plants need the same weather and lighting.

A. True

B. False

C. Not Given

【答案】 B

【解析】从第五段Plants differ in their weather and lighting needs.可知，室内植物对气候和光照需求有差异。

first vertical farms appeared 5 years ago.

A. True

B. False

C. Not Given

【答案】B

【解析】从第六段最后一句it may take about 5 to 15 years before the first vertical farms could be created.可知，不是第一个垂直农场出现在五年之前，而是还需要5—15年才能够建立起来。

【试题分析】

短文后面的这10个题目主要是考查了两个方面能力：阅读时对基本内容的掌握情况，能否理解短文中表达的概念或细节；另外一方面，迅速阅读短文，获取信息后做出正确判断的能力。

二、阅读选择（第11～15题，每题2分，共10分）

阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出1个最佳选项。

A Good Lesson

After living in Europe for seven years, my parents decided that my family would move to the United States. We all looked forward to this. What would people think of us For me, I hoped to be the hero of the class.

I was not disappointed. All my classmates admired my experience, and I quickly became well known as “the French guy.” I was very popular for a time. However, I was not interested in many things my cla ssmates did, and it was hard for me to connect with them. I enjoyed listening to classical music, never watched TV, and almost never watched movies.

I did not have a common background with my friends because I grew up in Europe. I had few friends, and fewer good friends. When I look back now, I realize I was a bit of an idiot to many people around me. I kept talking proudly about my experience. And I thought myself better than those around me because I lived in Europe but they didn’t.

I had decided I wanted better friends when my parents said that we were going to move again! I saw this as a perfect chance to get better friends, where people did not know of my unkind past.

When we moved to California, I did not show off as I had done for five years. I did not tell everyone that I lived in Europe. I still listened to classical music, but I just kept my music to myself. Sure enough, I found that people like someone who is not typical but does not boast about it.

Nothing can replace good friends, and if I had to control my temper and pride, it was well worth it.

【短文大意】

一个教训

在欧洲生活了七年以后，我父母决定搬到美国。我们都盼望着搬家，人们会怎样对待我们我希望成为班里的英雄。

我没有失望。我的班里所有同学都羡慕我的经历，很快我以“法国男孩”著称。那一段时间我很受欢迎，然而我对班里同学做的许多事情都不感兴趣，很难融入他们之中。我喜欢听古典音乐，从不看电视，也几乎从不看电影。

因为我生长在欧洲，所以与我的朋友们背景不同。我没有几个朋友，好朋友更少。现在当我回顾往事，我意识到我对周围的人们有一点儿像个白痴一样，我总是高傲地谈到我的经历，并且我认为我比我周围的人都好，因为我曾生活在欧洲但他们没有。

当我的父母说我们要再次搬家时，我决定我要有更好的朋友。我看到交好朋友的机会，因为那个地方的人对我的过去并不了解。

我们搬到了加利福尼亚时，我没有像过去五年那样炫耀。我仍然听古典音乐，但是我只是自己欣赏。的确，我发现人们喜欢那种独特的但不夸耀的人。

什么也不能替代好朋友，如果为此不得不控制自己的脾气和傲慢，这也是值得的。

【试题分析】

本题题型是Reading Comprehension阅读理解。

阅读理解部分主要测试考生英语的阅读、理解、分析、判断能力。考生需要熟练掌握一定的词汇量，把握文章的基本结构，理解文中说明要点的事实和细节，根据上下文语境推断领会作者的写作意图、观点和态度。考生也需

要具有一定的阅读速度以及知识背景。

一般来说，阅读理解题都可以分为主观题和客观题两大类。主观题用来测试考生的主观判断能力，包括对文章的中心思想、作者的意图和态度，以及整篇文章的逻辑关系的理解能力；客观题用来测试考生对原文内容中的客观事实的理解，要求考生理解文章中的具体事实和抽象概念。阅读理解题型一般有下列四类：细节题、推断题、主旨题以及词义题。常用的提问形式有：

细节：

to the passage, which of the following is （NOT ）True

of the following statements is Not mentioned in passage …

the passage, it can be seen that ________ .

main reason for … is _________.

推断：

can be inferred from the passage that _________.

the passage we can infer （draw the conclusion） that _________.

is implied in the passage that ________.

主旨：

passage is mainly about _________ .

main idea of this passage is ________.

passage mainly discusses ____________.

passage might be taken from ___________.

词汇或短语：

word “…” in line （Paragraph … ）.. most probably means ______.

paragraph …, the word “…” refers to （stands for） _______.

word “…”can be b est replaced by ________.

underlined word （phrase）“ … ”in paragraph really means _________.

题目要求考生在理解全文的基础上，仔细读懂短文后每个问题，从所给出的四个选项中选出一个最符合题意的答案。阅读理解试题是考查考生语言运用能力的主要题型。因为阅读能力的高低直接影响获取信息的能力，所以阅读理解试题强调对全篇文章的整体把握，强调语言文化因素的作用及考生通过阅读理解解决实际问题总的能力。

考试对阅读理解能力的要求是具备一定的知识面，具有逻辑分析、思维反映、词汇量和概括能力。考生要想提高抓住主题、理解具体信息、做出正确判断和推理、弄清作者意图和态度等方面的阅读能力，必须广泛阅读，在量中求质，熟能生巧，并在实践中训练出快速阅读和猜测词义的能力。

I first moved to the US, I was very popular because of my _________.

appearance talents accent experiences

【答案】D

【解析】从文中第二段和第三段的关键词experiences可知，当我第一次搬到美国时，是我的“海外经历”使我名声大震。

had few good friends partly because I _______ .

down upon my classmates

listening to classical music

went to the movies

from a very rich family

【答案】A

【解析】作者没有几个好朋友的原因，从文中第三段中可知是由于看不起同学们looked down upon my classmates。

phrase “an idiot” （Line 3, Part 3） most probably means ________.

actor cheater fool loser

【答案】 C

【解析】词汇题。A一个男演员，B一个骗子，C一个蠢人，D一个失败者。

we moved to California, I stopped ______.

about my experience

about people around me

the classical music alone

friends with my classmates

【答案】A

【解析】推理判断题。从文中第五段推论可知，本文作者搬到加州以后，停止了对自己海外经历的吹嘘。

writer would probably agree that _______ .

friends like the same kind of music

are more important than anything else

background is the key to friendship

good friend never loses his/her temper

【答案】B

【解析】主旨题。文中最后一段，说明了作者的态度和观点，也是本文的主旨。

阅读选择题的应试技巧

短文阅读主要测试考生对阅读的书面材料理解的程度，既可以为外语学习者提供运用语言知识、文化背景知识，又可以巩固所学语言知识技能、提高英语水平。所以是外语学习者必须掌握的基本技能，也是各种英语考试的重点内容。因此，阅读部分考试成绩的优劣在整个考试中起着举足轻重的作用，所以考生在备考的过程中必须加以重视。

阅读理解是对字、词、句法的进一步学习和综合运用。要提高阅读能力，除了掌握的基本语法规则知识外，还要进行有意识的阅读训练。提高阅读能力的训练主要可以从下面三个方面入手：词汇、方法、侧重点。

1）词汇

在阅读过程中，不可避免地会碰到不认识的单词，考试中又不允许查字典，有些不认识的单词对文章的理解影响不大，可以忽略。但有些不认识的单词则会影响阅读者对文章理解的正确性。在这种情况下，就需要利用猜字的技巧猜出词的含义。

快速阅读的CPD公式 Context, Parts, Dictionary

每日学习词汇 study vocabulary daily

使用所学词汇 use the words you learn

创立你自己的词汇表 create your own word list

2）方法

方法一：先看文章后做题。主要针对简单易懂的文章、时间又较充裕的情况。

方法二：先看问题后再读文章再做题。这种方法在时间紧、文章长的情况下更为实用。这样可以带着问题去阅读，文章中的内容与考题有关系时仔细阅读，与题目无关时，可以置之不理，很快跳过去。还有一些题目涉及一般常识或科普知识，可以在未阅读文章之前自己先行判断，在阅读时只要对自己的判断进行验证就可以了。

3）三个侧重点

除了题目本身所要求查找的细节外，阅读时要注意不要逐字逐句地翻译，而要侧重地阅读。

侧重首段、尾段，首句、尾句。因为这些部分往往是作者所要谈及的论点、主题或中心思想，抓住了主干，那么细节问题就会迎刃而解。

侧重语篇标志词。语篇中句子和句子之间、段落和段落之间就是通过这种词语连接起来的，把握住这些词语就等于把握了句与句、段与段之间的关系，对于获取所需信息、准确答题至关重要。

侧重长句、难句。因为英语表达多以冗长著称，论理性很强的文章更是如此。通过较长的句子来表达复杂的思想内容，从而使文章更具有说服力。所以，我们在阅读时，必须重视长句、难句，认真分析句子，把握住关键点。事实上，不少问题就是针对这些长句、难句而设置的。

以上是归纳出的几点解英语阅读选择题目的技巧。考生在训练中应尽快掌握这些技巧，并在实践中摸索出一套适合自己的方法。

第二部分非选择题

三、概括段落大意和补全句子（第16～25题，每题1分，共10分）

Dormitory Life

①Living in a dormitory at college can be a great experience. However, if you take no steps to make this experience positive, dormitory life can become a misery. When you choose to live in a college dormitory, you will have a better chance to live a colorful and meaningful life. Meanwhile, you will have to give up many things as well.

②When you live in a dormitory, you can meet many people with different interests. And you can enjoy the various services there. Both are very important to make you successful at college. But you may have to give up much of your personal space. You will share a room with someone else. This means you need to make peace with the things and people around you.

③You will have to learn some important life skills. For exam ple, you will learn how to get along with people. You will also learn to ignore things that you can’t change. But in the future, you will find these skills very helpful when you are working in the world.

④When you live in a dormitory, you can enjoy a wid e range of campus services, which are not available to those who live off campus. If you have any school related problems, you have no difficulty finding someone to help, because the school hires people to help the students living there.

⑤Besides, living on campus means you don’t have to travel to and from school in rush hours. And you are more involved in campus life. For example, you can have a better chance to take part in the club activities and make you own contributions. If you want to live a rich campus life, living in a dormitory is your best choice.

Task 1

life skills

conveniences

campus life

campus services

to dormitory life

and costs of dormitory life

①：_____

【答案】E Introduction to dormitory life

【解析】第一段是对宿舍生活的介绍。

②：_____

【答案】F Gains and costs of dormitory life

【解析】第二段说明宿舍生活是有收获的。

③：_____

【答案】A Important life skills

【解析】第三段说明要学会必要的生活技能。

④：_____

【答案】D Various campus services

【解析】第四段谈到了校园服务。

⑤：_____

【答案】20. B Other conveniences

【解析】第五段说的是其它的一些便利服务。

【试题分析】

本题题型Task 1是概括段落大意，或者说是给每段加一个小标题。此题是考查考生提取关键信息的能力。短文后边给出六个选项，其中一个是干扰项。C. Colorful campus life “多彩的校园生活”，文中并没有这一段。

Task 2

a new life

much of your private life

an unhappy dormitory life

of the campus services

from home to school

relation with others

you make no effort, you will _____.

【答案】C have an unhappy dormitory life

【解析】原文：However, if you take no steps to make this experience positive, dormitory life can become a misery.与选项C意思相符。

life means_____.

【答案】B losing much of your private life

【解析】原文：But you may have to give up much of your personal space. 与选项B意思相符。

need to master many skills like how to keep _____.

【答案】F good relation with others

【解析】原文：For example, you will learn how to get along with people.与选项F意思相符。

who live off campus cannot use _____.

【答案】D many of the campus services

【解析】原文：When you live in a dormitory, you can enjoy a wide range of campus services, which are not available to those who live off campus.与选项D意思相符。

on campus can save you the trouble of _____.

【答案】E traveling from home to school

【解析】原文：Besides, living on campus means you don’t have to travel to and from school in rush hours.与选项C的意思相符。

【试题分析】

本题题型Task 2 是补全句子，也是六选五的模式，其中有一个干扰项。A. start a new life “开始新的生活”，文中并未提及。

四、填句补文（第26—30题，每题2分，共10分）

下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。将正确选项写到答题卡上。

Grandpa My Hero

My grandfather had only one child and that was my mother. He always wanted a son but it never happened. __26 __ When my mom got pregnant, he thought he finally had a boy in the family, but it turned out that her first child was my old sister. When I was born, Grandpa was very happy.

He was the first to give me a baseball glove and to play baseball with me. My first glove was as small as my whole hand is now. When Grandpa gave me that glove, I was very excited. __27__ It was my pride and joy.

When I was five, I played on my first baseball team and Grandpa was the coach. He wanted me to play one position, but I wanted to play another. __28__ I tried so hard that I made good progress. Grandpa was very proud of me. Ever since then, he has worked with me to make me a better player.

Grandpa has helped me become not only a better player, but a better person. __29__ Today Grandpa does not play baseball with me so often, but he still comes to every practice and game. He sits and watches my practices through rain and shine. __30__ I love him and hope he will be around for many more years to support me and baseball.

was so happy I even slept with it at my side.

wanted a son because he wanted to teach him to play baseball.

owe him all my success in baseball and in my life.

order to make me happy, he let me play what I wanted.

was named our baseball team’s number one fan by my coach.

grandpa is still working at a store.

【答案】B

【解析】B选项解释了前一句“姥爷想要儿子”的原因。

【答案】A

【解析】A选项是前一句的进一步的阐述。

【答案】D

【解析】D选项与前一句是顺承关系。

【答案】C

【解析】C选项是对上一句的进一步阐述。

【答案】E

【解析】E选项是对上一句的进一步阐述。

【参考译文】

姥爷，我的英雄

我的姥爷只有一个孩子，那就是我的母亲。姥爷他总想得到一个儿子但未能如愿。他想要儿子是因为他想教儿子打棒球。当我的母亲怀孕时，姥爷想，这个家终于要有一个男孩子了，但是第一个孩子是我的姐姐。当我降生时，我的姥爷非常高兴。

姥爷是第一个给我棒球手套并且跟我一起打棒球的人。我的第一只棒球手套现在与我的手掌一样大小，当我得到它的时候非常兴奋，甚至在睡觉时都把它放在身边，它是我的骄傲和欢乐。

我五岁时，加入第一支棒球队，我姥爷是教练。他想让我打一个位置，但是我想打另一个位置。为了使我高兴，他让我如愿以偿。我练习十分努力并且进步很大。姥爷为我感到自豪。从此他与我一起，把我训练成为更好的棒球手。

姥爷不仅仅帮助我变成好的棒球运动员，而且成为一个好人。我的棒球生涯和我的生活成功归功于我的姥爷。今天我的姥爷不能经常和我一起打棒球了，但是他仍然来观看我的每一场训练和比赛。他坐着观看着无论下雨还是太阳高照。我的教练称他为我们棒球队的第一粉丝。我爱我的姥爷，希望他健康长寿继续支持我和棒球。

【试题分析】

本题题型是考查文章的语段特征。考生要把握文章整体结构，对内容了解透彻，上下句的连贯性和一致性，也是六选五的模式，其中有一个干扰项。F. My grandpa is still working at a store. “我的姥爷仍在一个商店工作”，文中并未提及。

五、填词补文（第31～40题，每题分，共15分）

下面的短文有10处空白，短文后列出12个词，其中10个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌，将正确选项写到答题卡上。

Protecting the Few

How we live our lives affects the environment. The environment is all the things around you. All across Earth, humans are 31 the environment in small and large ways. We cut down trees to build houses. We plow fields to 32 crops. We pour waste into rivers, lakes and oceans .We use larger nets and bigger boats to catch 33 numbers of fish. Activities like these affect plants and animals. They 34 affect things like the soil and water.

Sometimes our actions make the number of a 35 plant or animal get larger. For example, if you planted roses in your yard, there would be more roses in your area.

Our activities can also 36 to a smaller number of plants and animals. If a park were turned into an apartment building, what would happen to the plants and animals there Well, they would 37 die or move to other 38 . There would be fewer plants and animals.

Pollution and other activities sometimes cause the number of a species（物种）to become so 39 that it cannot survive. A species that is in 40 of dying out is called an endangered（濒危的）species.

【答案】A

【解析】答案为A，意思为：正在改变环境。

【答案】B

【解析】答案为B，意思为：种庄稼。

【答案】E

【解析】答案是E，意思为：很多鱼。

【答案】H

【解析】答案是H，意思为：它们也影响土壤和水。

【答案】G

【解析】答案是G，意思为：一些植物或动物。

【答案】C

【解析】答案为C，意思为：导致。

【答案】D

【解析】答案为D，either …or…意思为：或者……或者……

【答案】F

【解析】答案为F，意思为：其它地方。

【答案】J

【解析】答案为J，意思为：变得很小。

【答案】L

【解析】答案为L，意思为：陷入困境。

【试题分析】

本题题型是考查文章词汇的理解能力。短文后面的这10个题目主要是考查完形填空，考生要从12个备选词中

找出符合语境的词汇，填入空白处。

【参考译文】

保护少数（保护稀少物种）

我们如何生活会影响环境。环境就是我们周围所有的事物。在地球上，人类正在以大大小小的方面改变环境。

我们砍伐树木建造房屋，耕地种庄稼，把垃圾倾入河流、湖泊和海洋。我们张开大网和较大的渔船去捕捞大量的鱼类。类似这样的行为活动影响植物和动物，也影响像土壤和水等事物。

有的时候我们的行动使得某些植物和动物的数量增加。例如，如果你在你的院子里种植玫瑰花，那么在你的周

围就会存在很多玫瑰。

我们的行为也能够导致植物和动物的数量减少。如果一个公园变成一个公寓楼，那么那些植物和动物会怎样呢

它们可能或者死去或者被移动到其他地方，这样就会使植物和动物减少。

污染和其他活动有时候引起某一个物种的数量变得如此之少，以至于该物种不能生存。一个处于消亡危险的物

种被称之为濒危物种。

六、完形补文（第41～50题，每题分，共15分）

下面的短文有10处空白，每处空白后的括号内有一个词，请根据短文内容将其正确的形式填入文中，以恢复文章原貌，并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。

The Power of Language

Language is something that defines （define） us as humans. When language is 41 （use） well, it can bring out very deep feelings in others, and encourage others to take 42 （act）. Sometimes in poetry a certain phrase can bring 43 （tear） to the eyes and move us deeply. When we use language to express our true feelings to someone, it can open and 44 （deep）the connection between us.

Language is a very 45 （power） tool. How we use language shapes our world. How we use self-talk 46 （direct） shapes our experience of both ourselves and the world. How we deliver 47 （communicate）shapes the way the world 48 （respond） to us. We can use language more 49 （effective）. And this clearly influences the health and power of our 50 （person） relationships and business relationships.

【答案】used

【解析】此处填写used，意思为：被使用。用被动语态。

【答案】action

【解析】此处填写action，take action意思为：采取行动。固定词组。

【答案】tears

【解析】此处填写tears，bring tears to the eyes意思为：热泪盈眶。

【答案】 deepen

【解析】此处填写deepen，意思为：加深。deep后面加en,变成动词。

【答案】powerful

【解析】此处填写powerful，powerful tool意思为：有力的工具。power后面加ful,变成形容词。

【答案】directly

【解析】此处填写directly，意思为：直接地。direct后面加ly变成副词。

【答案】communication

【解析】此处填写communication，意思为：交流。communicate后面加tion变成名词。

【答案】responds

【解析】此处填写responds，意思为：回应。direct后面加s，表第三人称单数。

【答案】effectively

【解析】此处填写effectively，意思为：有效地。effective后面加ly变成副词。

【答案】personal

【解析】此处填写personal，意思为：个人的。person后面加al变成形容词。

【试题分析】

本题题型是考查文章中已给出词汇的词形变换。短文中的10个空白处有相应的提示词，主要是考查考生能够通过上下文和短文结构，对具体词汇的词性、时态、语态、单数或复数等方面做出分析，进行适当的变换后再填入空白处，使得短文意义完整、语法正确。

【参考译文】

语言的力量

语言是某物将我们定义为人类。当语言使用得当，它能对其他人产生深深的情感，并且鼓励其他人采取行动。有时候，一首诗歌中的语句能使我们热泪盈眶、深深地感动我们。当我们用语言表达对某人的真实感受，它可以敞开心扉并且加深我们之间的关系。

语言是强有力的工具。我们如何使用语言塑造我们的世界；我们如何利用自我对话直接地形成我们和世界两者的经历；我们如何传递交流沟通造就世界对我们反响的方式。我们能够更加有效地利用语言，此举显然影响到我们的健康和个人的关系以及工作关系的能力。

七、短文写作（第51题，30分）

请根据所提供材料中的要求完成一篇100词左右的英文写作任务。将你的答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。

51.某英文报纸正在举办题为“My Favorite Job”的征文活动。请就此题目写一篇英文短文应征。内容包括以下两个方面：

你最喜欢的工作是什么

你为什么喜欢它

试题短文写作部分为一个小题，总计30分，要求考生写一篇100词左右的短文。试卷已经给出题目，考生应依

据内容的要求进行写作。

短文写作的一般要求为：能够理解所给出的语言情境，能够运用相关的语言知识完成所规定的写作任务。能正确表达思想，内容基本清晰完整，语言基本通顺，意义连贯，无重大语言错误，用词基本恰当，符合文章的特定文体格式。

写作评分的标准简述：

评分标准分为五个档次。首先根据短文书写的总体质量，而不是按照语言错误的数量扣分。打分时，根据所写内容要点、篇章结构和语言运用初步确定其所属的档次，然后再具体给分。拼写、标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面，字数明显不足分数要降低一个档次，书写质量较差也要降低一个档次。英、美拼写皆可接受。

评分的标准五档（详见教学大纲）

写作应试策略：

写作内容涉及生活、一般常识和私人信件，体裁包括记叙文、说明文、描写文、议论文、应用文等。依据近年来成人考试的考题分析，英语短文写作趋势以应用文类型为主。试题皆为命题写作，限定内容，加以拓展。

写作相对来讲是比较难的题目，但是因为题目已经给出规定内容和要求，只要翻译准确即可。不要求文字的华丽。经过组织段落之后，短文字数也要尽量写够100词。

短文写作的最根本的基础是词汇量，掌握了一定量的词汇（words），还要有语法知识，才能把词汇写成句子（sentence），应注意英文写作表达方式和格式与汉语的不同之处，尽量避免写病句。句子是短文写作的重要组成部分，将句子安排顺序组织成段落（paragraph），这就是短文（composition）的构成。

短文写作，没什么捷径可走，必须多练，熟能生巧。建议大家每星期至少写一篇英语小短文，并在每一篇中尽量换一个新话题，使用已经学到的词汇、词组、句型和句式。这样既可以强化记忆单词，同时也可以实践语法的正确使用，尝试自己是否可以驾御写作英文短文。在实践中，将母语与英语渐渐的融为一体，发展自己的写作风格。

下面就以2013年的考试题目为例，写出一篇小短文，仅供参考。

My Favorite Job

I have had a variety of part-time and full-time jobs, some interesting and some dull. I’ve worked in an office, a grocery store, a factory, and countless other places. After I graduated from college, I became a teacher. I definitely prefer teaching to any of the other jobs. I am a people-person and especially enjoy the interaction with the students. I also feel very fulfilled when I see the students make progress. I greatly enjoy preparing the lessons and try to create activities that are both practical and fun. While I’m glad I gained much practical experience at my other jobs, I realize that I am most fulfilled as a teacher.

2018年考研英语二真题与答案解析

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