文档库 最新最全的文档下载
当前位置:文档库 › 代词

代词

代词
代词

二.代词

代词种类:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词

①.人称代词:

②.物主代词:

③。反身代词:用于表示“自己”的代词

④.指示代词:

⑤.疑问代词:

疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用,用来构成疑问句。疑问代词有下列几个:指人:who, whom, whose

指物:what

既可指人又可指物:which

1.who通常作主语和表语,whom作宾语

2.which:指人和物;whose:谁的,是疑问物主代词;what:指人和物。练习题:

1. There are pens and those are pencils. (that, this, those)

(P7.10.指示代词)(习题1——5)

2. Tom was sick yesterday. That is why he missed school. (That, Those, These)

3. Which of these shirts are Tom’s? (these, this, that)(P7.10)

4. This desk is mine , that is hers. (those, this, that)(P7.10)

5. The map of Beijing is better than that of Tianjin.(this, that, these)(P7.10)

6. His name is Jack. He (She, He, His) is a cook.(P

7.10.物主代词、人称代词)

7. My aunt is a nurse. She (She, He, Her) works very hard.

8. Please show me (me, I, mine) the way.(P7.10.宾格人称代词做宾语)

9. These books aren’t mine. They may be hers (her, hers, your).(P7.10)

10. Let me (I, me, mine) tell her (her, she, hers)how to do it.

(P7.10.宾格人称代词做宾语)

11. Help yourself (you, your, yourself) to some fish, please.

(P7.10.反身代词,help oneself表示请自便)

12. Don’t tell him (he, him, his) the answer. I (I, Me, Us) believe that he (he, him, his)

can work out the problem himself (he, him, himself).(P7.10)

13. “It’s going to snow,” the old woman said to herself (her, herself, hers).(P7.10)

14. The lady under the tree is my (mine, my, me) aunt. She (she, her, herself)

often sings English songs with her (her, hers, she) husband.(P7.10)

15. A friend of mine (me, my, mine) came to help me (I, me, mine)with my

(mine, my, I )homework yesterday after noon.(P7.10)

16. Be careful not to make yourself (you, your, yourself) dirty.(P7.10)

17. I /We/ You/ They like swimming.(P7.例题。第一人称代词)

18. He /she is a teacher.(P7.例题。第三人称代词)

19. This is a new dictionary. It is very useful to students.(P8.例题。第三人称代词,指物)

20. You, she and I all enjoy music.

(P8.例题。人称代词,几个人称代词同时做主语时,先后顺序为:你、他、我)

21. Mr. Dick teaches us/them English.(P8.例题。人称代词做动词宾语)

22. I bought a present for him/her.(P8.例题。人称代词做介词宾语)

23. It is she who helps me with German.(P8.例题。人称代词做表语)

24. It’s tem o’clock.

(P8.例题。人称代词it除可替代事物外,还可指时间、天气、距离等)(例题24——26)

25. It’s very cold.

26. It’s about two kilometers away.

27. Our room is on the first floor and yours/theirs on the second.

(P8.例题。名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词,yours=your room)(例题27——30)28.——Whose bike is this?

——It is mine/yours/his/hers.

29. I have finished my homework. Have you finished yours?

30. Tom is an old classmate of ours.

31. Please introduce yourself first.(P9.例题。反身代词,表示“自己”)(例题31——34)

32. I can do it by myself.

33. You may go and ask the teacher himself.

34. I myself did the work.

35. This is a washer. (P9.例题。指示代词)

36. I like this/these,while she likes that/those.(P9.例题。指示代词)

37. What I want is this.(P9.例题。指示代词)

38. We are busy these days.(P9.例题。指示代词)

39. This picture is more beautiful than that one.(P9.例题。指示代词)

40. An old friend of mine is coming to see me tomor row.

(P9.11。对人提问用who、whose,对主语提问用who,宾语用whom)

Who is coming to see you tomor row?

41. Their husbands are Nobel Prize winners.

(P9.11。对形容词性物主代词提问用whose)

Whose husbands are Nobel Prize winners?

42. She was looking for the famous professor.

(P9.11。对人提问用who、whose,对主语提问用who,宾语用whom)

Whom was she looking for?

43. I would like to choose these knives.

(P9.11。对指示代词提问用which,表示哪些)

Which knives would you like to choose?

44. We borrowed the English novels from Mr. Li.

(P9.11。对宾语提问用what,表示什么)

What did you bor row from Mr. Lee?

45. The well-known writer once lived in this room.

(P9.11。对指示代词提问用which,将in this room视为一个整体,在这个房间,

故提问时将this替换为which)

In which room did the well-known writer once live?

46. She did some shopping after supper on Saturday.

(P9.11。对谓语及宾语提问用what do she do,表示做了什么)

What did she do after supper on Saturday?

47.Children’s smiling faces made me happy in Beijing.

(P9.11。对主语提问用what,表示什么)

What made you happy in Beijing?

48. I like Book 3 best.

(P10.11。which表示哪一个)

Which book do you like best?

49. It’s mine. Whose is it?

(P10.11。对形容词性物主代词提问用whose)

50. The students are going to have a green salad, beef, bread and butter soup for dinner.(P10.11。对宾语提问用what)

What are the students going to have for dinner?

51. The tall girl in red is my sister.

(P10.11。主语后面有修饰词in red,所以要提问是哪一个)

Which girl is your sister?

52. That is my sister’s. Whose is that?

(P10.11。对形容词性短语提问用whose)

53. I want to see Dr. Lee.

(P10.11。对表示宾语的人提问用whom)

Whom do you want to see?

54. There is nothing in the green box.

(P10.11。对宾语提问用what)

What is there in the green box?

55. The girls were in Class 6.

(P9.11。which表示哪一班)

Which class were the girls in?

56. She’s my aunt and she is a teacher.(P9.11)

Who is she and what is she?

57.The woman with glasses is she.(P9.11。)

Which is she?

58.Who is speaking?(P12.例题.who做主语)

59.Who is that young man? (P12.例题.who做表语)

60.Whom did you see? (P12.例题.whom做宾语)

61.To whom are you talking? (P12.例题.to whom做介词宾语)

62.Who did you go to the movies with? (P12.例题.who做宾语,在口语中常用who代替whom)

63.Whose book is this? (P12.例题.whose做定语)

64.Whose are you going to borrow? (P12.例题.whose做宾语)

65.Whose is it? (P12.例题.whose做表语)

66.Whose is better? (P12.例题.whose做主语)

67.What is in the box? (P12.例题.what做主语)

68.What did he say? (P12.例题.what做宾语)

69.What’s your father? (P12.例题.what做表语)

70.What time is it? (P12.例题.what做定语)

71.Which class are you in? (P12.例题.which做定语)

72.Which of them is the youngest? (P12.例题.which做主语)

73.There are six books on the table. Which one do you want?

(P12.例题.which做定语;which表示在相当数目的人或物中进行选择)

74.These are books on Chinese, English and Japanese. What books do you want?

(P13.例题.what做定语;what指“什么”“哪种”)

75.Who is he? He is my uncle. (P13.例题.who做表语,who询问人的身份)

76.What is he? He is a doctor. (P13.例题.what做表语,what询问人的职业)

77.Which is he? That man with a beard is he.

(P13.例题.which做表语,which问在一定范围内的人群中特指的人)

78. China is our motherland. She is a developing country. We all love her very much.

(P13.13.1.国家的代词通常用she和her,带有感情色彩)

79. It is 9 o’clock now. Let us start our work.

(P13.13.2.人称代词it指代时间,us为宾格复数)

80. It was a fine day yesterday, wasn’t it? (P13.13.3.人称代词it指代天气)

81. Thank you very much for your help.(P13.13.4.人称代词)

82. “You like the magazine, don’t you?” “Well, I can’t say I like it.”(P13.13.5.人称代词)

83. Mr. White is a very good teacher. We must learn from him.

(P13.13.6.人称代词him为宾格做宾语)

84.“Is Tom over there?” “Yes, that’s him.”

(P13.13.7.人称代词him,宾格做表语)

85.What is in this handbag? (P13.13.8.疑问代词what,做主语,表示“什么”)

86.Which do you think is better, the blue one or the red one?

(P13.13.9. which做定语;which表示在相当数目的人或物中进行选择;

one表示不确定的人称代词)

87.W e don’t know whose mother she is.

(P13.13.10.疑问物主代词whose,表示“谁的”)

88.Here are some shirts made in Beijing. Which shirt do you like best?

(P13.13.11. which做定语;which表示在相当数目的人或物中进行选择)

89.“Who is it?” Tom answered the phone. “It is me.”

(P13.13.12.人称代词it做形式主语,代替人,who为表语)

90.I want to know whom you are waiting for.

(P13.13.13.疑问代词whom做宾语,表示谁)

91.What day is today? It is Monday.

(P13.13.14.疑问代词what做定语,修饰名词day;人称代词it为形式主语,指星期)

92.“Are these books yours?” “No, they are not. They are Tom’s. They are his.”

(P13.13.15.人称代词they指代these books)

93.The shop is very near here. It is only 5 minutes’ w alk.

(P13.13.16.人称代词it为形式主语,指示时间)

94.The box is not heavy. It is 2 kilos.

(P13.13.17.疑问代词whom做宾语,表示谁)

95.What time is it? It is 5 o’clock now.

(P13.13.18.疑问代词what做定语,修饰名词time;人称代词it指代时间)

96.who do you love more, Tom or Bob?

(P13.13.19.疑问代词who做宾语,表示谁)

97.Listen, just between you and me, the new comer is a thief.

(P13.13.20. 几个人称代词同时做宾语时,先后顺序为:你、他、我)

98.Everyone took his place in the meeting room.

(P13.13.21.形容词性物主代词,表示他的)

99.E ach student was asked to tell his interesting thing in the winter holiday.

(P13.13.22. 形容词性物主代词,表示他的)

100.Please open your books and read after me.

(P13.13.23.形容词性物主代词,表示你的)

101.Mrs. Black said to us that Australia is her motherland and she would do her best for her. (P13.13.24.形容词性物主代词,表示她的)

102. The seaman is a party member and his uncle is a party member, too.

(P13.13.25.形容词性物主代词,表示他的)

103. The students have a deep love for their homeland.

(P13.13.26.形容词性物主代词,表示他们的)

104. We have lent them our magazines and I believe they will be happy to lend us theirs. (P13.13.27.形容词性物主代词)

105. We first asked each of the ladies to take her own seat.

(P14.13.28.形容词性物主代词,表示她的)

106. That businessman always carries a black case with him.

(P14.13.29.人称代词宾格,表示他)

107. With the help of his mother, Thomas Edison became a quick lear ner.

(P14.13.30.形容词性物主代词,表示她的)

不定代词some与any的用法:

不同点:

①.some一般用于肯定句,“几个”“一些”“某些”

②.有些表示请求、建议、反问等疑问句,期待得到肯定的回答,可用some

③.any一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中,“任何一个”“任何一些”

④.any可用于肯定句中,“任何”

相同点:

①.some和any可用做主语、宾语和定语。做定语时后面可接可数名词复数或不可数名词。

1.Jack has some close friends. But he hasn’t written any letters to them for

half a year.

(P14.14.1.some 用于肯定句中表示“一些”;any用于否定句中表示“任何一些”)

2.Would you like some tea or coffee?

(P14.14.2.some用于疑问句中表示请求,反问)

3.You may come to my house at any time.

(P14.14.3.any用于肯定句中表示“任何”)

4.She sings much better than any of the other singers in the room.

(P14.14.4. any用于肯定句中表示“任何”)

5.There are some apples in the basket. You may take any one you like.

(P14.14.5.some用于肯定句中表示“一些”;any用于肯定句中表示“任何”)

6.We have some bread but we don’t have any meat.

(P14.14.6.some用于肯定句中表示“一些”;any用于否定句中表示“任何一些”)

7.I’m in trouble. Could you give me some help?

(P14.14.7.some用于疑问句中表示请求)

8.I want some oranges. Have you got any?

(P14.14.8.some用于肯定句中表示“一些”;any用于疑问句表示“任何一些”)

9.He never gave me any help. I hope you can give me some help.

(P14.14.9.any用于否定句中表示“任何”;some用于肯定句中表示“一些”)

10.I have some beautiful magazines on the bookshelf. You may borrow any

one of them.

(P14.14.10.some用于肯定句中表示“一些”;any用于肯定句中表示“任何一些”)

11.S ome are playing chess, others are listening to the music.

(P14.例题.some用于肯定句中表示“一些”)

12.——Do you have any milk?

——Yes, I can give you some.

(P14.例题.any用于疑问句中表示“任何一些”;some用于肯定句中表示“一些”)

13.S he arrived with some nice flowers.

(P14.例题.some用于肯定句中表示“一些”)

14.H e doesn’t like any of these pictures.

(P14.例题.any用于否定句中表示“任何一些”)

15.I have a lot of American stamp. If you want any, I’ll give you some.

(P14.例题.any用于条件句中表示“任何一些”;some用于肯定句中表示“一些”)

16.Y ou can ask me any questions.

(P14.例题.any用于肯定句中表示“任何”)

17.A ny paper will do.

(P14.例题.any用于肯定句中表示“任何”)

18.C ould you let me have some money, mother?

(P14.例题.some用于疑问句中表示请求)

19.M ay I give you some tea?

(P14.例题.some用于疑问句中表示请求)

复合不定代词用法:

①.用于肯定句中:somebody(某人)、something(某事)、everybody(每人)、everything (每一件事),

②.用于否定句中:anything(任何事物)、nobody(没人)、nothing(没有什么);

③.not anybody=nobody;not anything=nothing;

④.用于疑问句中:多用anybody。anything;

⑤.everybody、everything、表示单数

1.I want to go now. The film is nothing interesting at all.

(P15.15.肯定句中nothing =not anything;nothing被定语修饰时,定语放在他们的后面) 2.Since everybody is here, let’s begin our class now.

(P15.15.肯定句中everybody表示每个人)

3.Can you tell us something about your life and work in this short time?

(P15.15.something表示某些事情)

4.“Have you found anything interesting to tell us?”“Yes, I have found

something very interesting.” (P15.15.anything表示任何事;something表示一些事) 5.“Do you know anything about the war?”“No, I know nothing about it.”

(P15.15.anything表示任何事;肯定句中nothing=not anything,表示没有什么)

6.“Do you know anybody in this bedroom?” asked the policeman.

“Yes, of course. I know everybody here. They are all my schoolmates.”

(P15.15.anybody表示“任何人”;everybody表示“每一个人”)

7.Somebody is knocking at the door. Do you think who is it?

(P15.15.somebody表示“某人”)

8.My radio has got something wrong.(P15.15.something表示某事)

9.We should get everything ready for the party, should’t we?

(P15.15.everything表示“每一件事”)

10.H e is always smiling but now he is so angry. Nobody knows why?

(P15.15.肯定句中nobody=not anybody,“没有人”)

表示数量多少的不定代词many、much、few、a few、little、a little的用法:

①.many、much表示“许多”

many+可数名词;much+不可数名词

②.a few、a little表示“几个”,有肯定的意思

few、little表示“很少几个”“几乎没有”,有否定意思

③.few、a few+可数名词;little、a little+不可数名词

用法归纳如下:

1.The poor little boy had little money. He couldn’t go to school.

(P15.16.1.little+不可数名词,表示“很少”)

2.So many people came that day and they knew there was so much heavy

work to do.

All of them did a good job.

(P15.16.2.many+可数名词复数表示“许多”;much+不可数名词表示“许多”)

3.Please don’t put too much coffee in our cups, few of us like coffee.

(P15.16.3.much+不可数名词。表示“许多”;few+可数名词,表示“很少”)

4.They are very good students. They have done so much for old people.

(P15.16.4.much+不可数名词,表示“许多”)

5.“Do you have any friends in USA?”“Yes, I have a few there.”

(P15.16.5.a few+可数名词,表示“几个”)

6.Tom did very well in the maths exam. He made few mistakes.

(P15.16.6.few表示否定意义,表示“几乎没有”)

7.“Would you like some more tea?”“Yes, just a little.”

(P15.16.7.a little+不可数名词,表示“一点”)

8.Before the year of 1949, there were few schools in this town.

But now there are quite a few.

(P15.16.8.few+可数名词,表示否定意义;a few表示肯定意义)

9.Mary’s mother was very sick last year, but she is much better now.

(P15.16.9.much+不可数名词,表示“许多”)

10.T he question was too difficult. Very few of them answered it correctly.

(P15.16.10.few+可数名词,表示“很少”,否定意义)

11.I’ m sorry I can’t help you. I know little about Russian.

(P15.16.11.little+不可数名词,表示“很少”)

12.H e is a very good man. He says little and does much.

(P15.16.12.little+不可数名词,表示“很少”;much+不可数名词,表示“许多”) 13.T he weather is very dry because there has been little rain this summer.

(P15.16.13.little+不可数名词,表示“很少”)

14.T he Japanese girl is a beginner of Chinese. She just knows very little

Chinese.

(P15.16.14.little+不可数名词,表示“很少”)

15.H ow many English words have you learned this week.

(P15.16.15.many+可数名词,表示“许多”)

16.W e saw many people in the street, as it was late at night.

But quite a few policemen were still working there.

(P15.16.16.many+可数名词,表示“许多”;a few+可数名词,表示“一些”)

17.H ow much money do you need this time?

(P15.16.17.much+不可数名词,表示“许多”)

18.F ew of these poor farmers have ever been to Beijing.

(P15.16.18.few+可数名词,表示否定意义)

19.H ow many people are there at the meeting?

(P15.16.many+可数名词,表示“许多”)

20.H ow much time have we left?

(P15.16.much+不可数名词,表示“许多”)

21.M any of the students couldn’t pass the exam.

(P15.16.many+可数名词,表示“许多”)

22.M uch of the time was spent on lear ning.

(P15.16.much+不可数名词,表示“许多”)

23.H e has a few friends.

(P15.16.a few+可数名词,表示“一些”)

24.H e has few friends.

(P15.16.few+可数名词,表示“很少”)

25.W e still have a little time.

(P15.16.a little+不可数名词,表示“有点儿”)

26.T here is little time left.

(P15.16.little+不可数名词,表示“很少”)

不定代词one、ones、another、other(s)、the other(s)的用法:

①.one: 用来指人或物,表示“一个”;在句中做主语、宾语、表语、定语。复数形式为ones;

②.other:用在没有范围限制时修饰可数名词(复数);表示“(两个中的)另一个”“其他的”;

复数形式为others

③.the other:用于指限定范围的两者中的另一者,常与one连用

④.the others:用于指限定范围内的其他部分

⑤.another表示当物体总数是三者或三者以上时的另外一个。

1.He has eight shirts, one is green, the others are all white.

(P17.16B.one 指一个物;the others=the other shirts用于指限定范围内的其他部分)

2.There are two people in the room. one is a soldier, the other is a doctor.

(P17.16B.one 指一个人;the other用于指限定范围的两者中的另一者)

3.The old man has six children. one is a teacher, two are engineers,

another two are nurses, and the other is a seaman.

(P17.16B.one 指一个人;another指另外一个;the other用于指限定范围的两者中的另一者) 4.I don’t like this bag, please pass me another. One of the red ones, please.

(P17.16B.another指另外一个;one of+名词复数表示其中之一)

5.The old woman has got two grandchildren. One is a boy, the other is a doctor.

(P17.16B.one 指一个人,the other用于指限定范围的两者中的另一者)

6.Do you often talk to others like this? I hope you can change.

(P17.16B. others=the other people用于没有限定范围修饰可数名词复数)

7.Tom likes Chinese, maths, biology and some other subjects.

(P17.16B.other用于没有限定范围的修饰可数名词复数other subjects=others)

8.I have three apples here, a green one and two red ones. Which one are

you going to take?(P17.16B.one 指一个物表示“一个”,ones是其复数形式)

9.Pass me my coat, please. That light orange one is mine.

(P17.16B.one 指一个物,表示“一个”)

10.I think this film is much more interesting than the other three.

(P17.16B.后面有three这个明确的数字,是限定范围内的,所以用the other用于指限定范围的两者中的另一者)

11.W e don’t like these two. Do you have any others?

(P17.16B. others用于没有限定范围修饰可数名词复数)

12.T o say is one thing, to do is quite another

(P17.16B. one表示一个物;another表示另一个)

13.M r. Wang is always ready to help others.

(P17.16B. others=the other people用于没有限定范围修饰可数名词复数)

14.C ould you please pass me another magazine? I have finished reading this one.

(P17.16B. another表示另一本杂志;one表示一本)

15.S ome are big, others are small.

(P17.16B. others用于没有限定范围修饰可数名词复数)

16.Y ou have given us two examples. Will you give us another example, please?

(P17.16B. another表示三者中或三者以上的另一个)

17.O ne must follow the rules.(P17.例题. one表示一个人,做主语)

18.O ne should be strict with oneself.(P17.例题. one表示一个人,做主语、宾语)

19.O ne should do one’s work well.(P17.例题. one表示一个人,做主语、定语)

20.O ne of the girls got a first prize in the 100-metre run.

(P17.例题. one表示一个人,做主语)

21.——How many sisters have you?

——I have only one.(P17.例题. one表示一个人,做宾语)

22.I can’t find my hat. I think I must buy one.

(P17.例题. one表示一个物,做宾语)

23.T here are forty new desks and ten old ones in the classroom.

(P17.例题. ones表示物的复数;做主语)

24.——Is this your shirt?

——No, mine is a blue one. (P18.例题. one表示一个物,做表语)

25.T here are two girls in the classroom. One is reading, the other is writing.

(P18.例题. the other表示限定范围内的两者中的另一个)

26.S ome are singing, others are dancing.

(P18.例题. others表示在非限定范围内修饰可数名词复数,其他)

27.I don’t like these. Have you any others?

(P18.例题. others表示在非限定范围内修饰可数名词复数,其他)

28.W e study Chinese, maths, English and other lessons.

(P18.例题. other lessons=others表示在非限定范围内修饰可数名词复数,其他的)

29.T here are four dictionaries on the bookshelf. One is French, the others are English.

(P18.例题. the others表示在限定范围内的其他部分)

30.H e is able to do the work without others’ help.

(P18.例题. others表示在非限定范围内修饰可数名词复数,其他的;others’为其所有格形式)

31.T he skirt is too long. Please show me another.

(P18.例题. another为三者或以上的另一个)

32.W e can do that another time.(P18.例题. another表示另一个)

不定代词all、both、each、every、neither、either、no one的用法:

①.all:表示“全体”“所有的”“一切”的意思

a.all指人时,通常代表三个以上的人;

b.all指物时,表示“一切”“所有的”意思;

c.all既可修饰可数名词,又可修饰不可数名词。

②.both:表示“两者都。。。。。。”的意思。

③.each:表示“每一个”的意思,着重个别,强调个性,在句中做主语、宾语、定语和同位语。

④.every:表示“每一个”的意思,着重整体,强调共性,在句中做定语。

⑤.either:表示“两个任选一个”的意思,单数。

⑥.neither:表示“两者都不”的意思,是either的否定形式,单数。

⑦.no one:表示“无一人”的意思

1.Jack and his two sisters are all from Australia.

(P18.16C. all指人时,通常代表三个以上的人)

2.Mary and Peter are both Americans.

(P18.16C. both表示“两者都。。。。。。”主语必须是两个人)

3.The two boys were very sad because neither of them had passed

the maths exam.(P18.16C. neither表示“两者都不”,为否定意义)

4.That’s all for today. Goodbye, every one.

(P18.16C. all指物时,表示“所有的”;此处强调整体,所以用every)

5.All the boys in my class are football fans.

(P18.16C. all指人时,通常代表三个以上的人,“所有的”)

6.One of us has to stay here. So only one can go home, either you or I.

(P18.16C. either表示“两个任选一个”)

7.Bob is such a good student that every teacher likes him.

(P18.16C. every表示“每一个”,强调共性)

8.You may come on Saturday or Sunday. Either day is ok.

(P18.16C. either表示“两个任选一个”,谓语动词单数)

9.There are tall trees on both sides of the road.

(P18.16C. both表示“两者都。。。。。。”)

10.“I have two here. Which one do you want?”“Either will do.”

(P18.16C. either表示“两个任选一个”)

11.I borrowed two books, but neither book is interesting. So I returned them.

(P18.16C. neither表示“两者都不”,谓语动词单数)

12.T here are two shops in the street. Both are open now.

(P18.16C. both表示“两者都。。。。。。”)

13.M rs. Lee has three daughters. Each of them has got a job.

(P18.16C. each表示“每一个”,谓语动词单数)

14.T hat’s all I can do for you, son.

(P18.16C. all表示事时,为“所有的”的意思)

15.M ary has told me all about it.

(P18.16C. all表示事时,为“所有的”的意思)

16.T here were little shops on either side of the street.

(P19.16C. either表示“两个任选一个”)

17.T he twin brothers came to the meeting in time. Neither of them was late.

(P19.16C. neither表示“两者都不”,谓语动词单数)

18.M r. Black gave his sons and daughters 10 dollars each.

(P19.16C. each表示“每一个人”)

19.T he four nations are quite different. Each of them has its own language.

(P19.16C. each表示“每一个”,谓语动词单数)

20.N o one knew where little Tommy had gone and no one understood why his

parents killed themselves. (P19.16C. no one表示“没有人”)

21.S tudents go to school every day except holidays.

(P19.16C. every表示“每一个”,强调共性)

22.T im is a good worker. Every morning he gets up early and goes to work at 8.

(P19.16C. every表示“每一个”,强调共性)

23.I know the young man and the good girl love each other very much.

(P19.16C. each表示“每一个”each other译为“互相”)

24.S he has told me all about it. (P19.16C. all表示事时,为“所有的”的意思)

25.A ll are here. (P19.例题. all表示人时,为三者以上)

26.I have forgotten all about it. (P19.16C. all表示事时,为“所有的”的意思)

27.T hat’s all.(P19.例题. all表示事时,为“所有的”的意思)

28.A ll knowledge comes from practice.

(P19.例题. all表示事时,为“所有的”的意思)

29.A ll the books are useful to us. (P19.例题. all表示事时,为“所有的”的意思)

30.T hey all agree to stay here. (P19.例题. all表示人时,为三者以上)

31.H e is all excited. (P19.例题. all表示事时,为“所有的”的意思)

32.B oth (of you) are right. (P19.例题. both表示“两者都。。。。。。”)

33.T hese two novels are very interesting. I want both.

(P19.例题. both表示“两者都。。。。。。”)

34.B oth brothers go to college. (P19.例题. both表示“两者都。。。。。。”)

35.L ast Sunday I met them both. (P19.例题. both表示“两者都。。。。。。”)

36.E ach of us has strong and weak points.

(P19.例题.each表示“每一个”,有所指的每一个人)

37.E very one of us has strong and weak points.

(P19.例题.each表示“每一个”,范指的每一个人)

38.E ach boy received a present.

(P20.例题.each表示“每一个”,有所指的每一个人)

39.T he teacher gave a piece of paper to each.

(P20.例题.each表示“每一个”,有所指的每一个人)

40.T he tickets are $1 each. (P20.例题.each表示“每一个”,有所指的每一个人)

41.G ive me a cup or a glass, either will do.

(P20.例题.either表示“两个任选一个”的意思)

42.N either door is open. (P20.例题.neither表示“两者都不”,否定意义)

43.Y ou can take either book. (P20.例题.either表示“两者中选一个”)

44.S he phoned neither of us yesterday.

(P20.例题.neither表示“两者都不”,否定意义)

45.N either of them knows Japanese.

(P20.例题.neither表示“两者都不”,否定意义)

46.I f you don’t go , I won’t either. (P20.例题.either表示“两者中选一个”)

47.T om,C hands are so dirty. Go to wash them quickly.

A. either of your

B. all your

C. both your

D. each of your

(P20.17.1.both指“两者都。。。”;either和each后面都加单数,不符合条件。)

32. Listen! D is knocking at the window. Let’s go out and have a look.

A. Some one

B. Nobody

C. Anyone

D. Someone

(P20.17.2.someone指某个人,强调敲门这个事;some one强调这个人)

33. “Have you got any sweet potatoes?”“Yes, we’ve got A.”

A. two big ones

B. two big one

C. ones big

D. big one

(P20.17.3.two big ones 语法正确,2个所以用复数)

34. “Who’s reading English aloud there?”“Oh, A is Tom’s friend, Mary.”

A. it

B. this

C. she

D. he

(P20.17.4.it 为人称代词,指代这个人,说话时并不知是男是女,所以用it)

35. “I’m very tired and sleepy.”“Lie down and have C rest.”

A. any

B. little

C. a

D. a lot

(P20.17.5.have a rest 固定搭配,译为“休息”)

36. Tom speaks Chinese better than C else in his class.

A. no one

B. another

C. anyone

D. the one

(P20.17.6.better译为较好的,所以选项A是错误的;anyone else为任何其他人的意思)

37. Lucy hasn’t done as A work as you have.

A. much

B. many

C. lot

D. more

(P20.17.7.work为不可数名词,故用much修饰)

38. There was B in the meeting room.

A. no people

B. nobody

C. any person

D. anybody

(P20.17.8.nobody译为“没有人”;anybody为“任何人”)

39. “Are the two answers right?”“No, D right.”

A. both are not

B. either is not

C. no one is

D. neither is

(P21.17.9.前面有否定词no,所以答案为neither)

40. We have three small rooms. D room can seat about 20 people.

A. All

B. One

C. Both

D. Each

(P21.17.10.room为单数,所以用each修饰,表示每一个房间)

41. Tom, you may go to the Summer Palace by B of the two ways.

A. other

B. either

C. every

D. both

(P21.17.11.either有“任意一个”的意思,而both为“两者都。。。。。。”,所以选择either)

42. If you need a pen, I’ll lend you D.

A. the one

B. another

C. some

D. one

(P21.17.12.one指代a pen,此处并没有特指,所以无需加the)

43. “A is the woman?”“She is a cook.”

A. What

B. Who

C. Which

D. How

(P21.17.13.询问行业用what)

44. “D is the woman?”“She is fine.”

A. What

B. Who

C. Which

D. How

(P21.17.14.询问身体状况用how,表示“怎么样”)

45. Lucy and Mary have come back to school but D girls in Class 2 aren’t here yet.

A. other

B. the others

C. others

D. the other

(P21.17.15.the other表示限定范围内的其他人)

46. Everyone should do D best.

A. its

B. ones

C. their

D. his

(P21.17.16.everyone表示单数,所以用his代替它)

47. You must help B other and learn from other.

A. one, each

B. each, each

C. each, every

D. one, every

(P21.17.17.each other为固定搭配,表示“互相”)

48. The girls are working hard. Lucy and Mary are planting trees, D are

watering flowers.

A. the other

B. others

C. other

D. the others

(P21.17.18.the others 表示固定范围内的其他人)

49. Except Mrs. Lee and B, no one was old in the waiting room.

A. his

B. her

C. I

D. she

(P21.17.19.except后加宾格,A、C、D都为主格)

50. A of them wanted to do heavy work in a hot day.

A. None, such

B. No, so

C. None, so

D. None, much

(P21.17.20.none of表示“没有人”;such a hot day=so hot a day)

51. These film tickets are yours. Those are C.

A. the others

B. other’s

C. others’

D. others

(P21.17.21.it 为人称代词,指代这个人,说话时并不知是男是女,所以用it)

52.Do you know C hair is shorter, Lucy’s or Mary’s?

A. who

B. what

C. whose

D. which

(P21.17.22.形容词性物主代词whose译为“谁的”,后加名词)

53. “C came to see you yesterday afternoon.”“Who was ”

A. Somebody, he

B. Somebody, she

C. Somebody, it

D. Anybody, the one

(P21.17.23.somebody为“某人”,询问他是谁通常用人称代词it来代替人)

54. Here are two bottles. You may take D of them and leave me one.

A. all

B. every

C. both

D. either (P21.17.24.either of表示“任意一个”)

55. C is a close friend of aunt’s

A. She, mine

B. Her, mine

C. She, my

D. Hers, my

(P21.17.25.she主格做主语;my 形容词性物主代词“我的”)

56. D Japanese magazines are on the bookshelf.

A. There

B. This

C. That

D. Those

(P21.17.26.those表示“那些”修饰名词复数)

57. Some are keen on English, C like French very much.

A. the others

B. another

C. others

D. the other

(P21.17.27.others用在没有限定范围)

58.In Beijing B park is full of people on weekends.

A. all of

B. every

C. some

D. all

(P22.17.28.be动词为is单数,所以只能选择every)

59. You cannot finish the work B. Let me give you a helping hand.

A. youself

B. yourself

C. by you

D. you only

(P22.17.29.yourself译为“你自己”)

60. The girls in Class 2 don’t like Mr. Black, and the girls in Class 4 don’t like him, B.

常见借代词语1

一、常见借代词语: 1、桑梓:家乡 2、桃李:学生 3、社稷、轩辕:国家 4、南冠:囚犯 5、同窗:同学 6、烽烟:战争 7、巾帼:妇女 8、丝竹:音乐 9、须眉:男子 10、婵娟、嫦娥: 月亮11、手足:兄弟 12、汗青:史册13、伉俪:夫妻 14、白丁、布衣: 百姓15、伛偻,黄发:老人 16、桑麻:农事17、提携,垂髫:小孩 18、三尺:法律19、膝下:父母 20、华盖:运气21、函、简、笺、鸿雁、札:书信 22、庙堂:朝廷 二、作者作品: 1、唐宋八大家:韩愈、柳宗元、欧阳修、苏洵、苏轼、苏辙、王安石、曾巩 2、并称“韩柳”的是韩愈和柳宗元,他们是唐朝古文运动的倡导者。 3、一门父子三词客:苏洵(老苏)、苏轼(大苏)、苏辙(小苏)。

4、豪放派词人:苏轼、辛弃疾,并称“苏辛”;婉约派词人:李清照(女词人) 5、李杜:李白、杜甫。小李杜:李商隐、杜牧。 6、屈原:我国最早的伟大诗人,他创造了“楚辞”这一新诗体,开创了我国诗歌浪漫主义风格。 7、孔子名丘,字仲尼,春秋时鲁国人,他是儒家学派的创始人,被称为“孔圣人”,孟子被称为“亚圣”,两人并称为“孔孟”。 8、苏轼称赞王维“诗中有画,画中有诗。” 9、杜甫是唐代伟大的现实主义诗人,其诗广泛深刻的反映社会现实,被称为“诗史”,杜甫也因此被尊为“诗圣”,有著名的“三吏”:《潼关吏》、《石壕吏》、《新安吏》;“三别”:《新婚别》、《垂老别》、《无家别》。 10、我国第一部纪传体通史是《史记》(又称《太史公书》),作者是汉朝的司马迁,鲁迅称《史记》为“史家之绝唱,无韵之《离骚》”,有:12本纪、30世家、70列传、10表、8书,共130篇。 11、“四史”:《史记》、《汉书》、《后汉书》、《三国志》。 12、元曲四大家:关汉卿、郑光祖、白朴、马致远。 13、《聊斋志异》是我国第一部优秀文言短篇小说集,作者是清代著名小说家蒲松龄。“聊斋”是他的书屋名,“志”是记叙,“异”是奇怪的事情。 14、书法四大家:颜真卿、柳公权、欧阳询、赵孟(fǔ) 15、战国时期百家争鸣主要流派及代表:

古代汉语--代词

古代汉语---代词本讲介绍了古代汉语的疑问代词、指示代词、人称代词、无定代词、辅助性代词。其中,前三种是古代和现代都在使用的代词,后两种则是古代汉语所特有的。要求通过学习,能够全面了解古代汉语代词的基本情况,能在具体文句中辨认代词,能够解释该代词在句中的语法作用,做到准确地今译。学习时,还应注意代词在宾语前置句中的用法。 一、疑问代词 1、指人的疑问代词——“谁” 、“孰” “谁”主要用于一般问句。 “孰”常用在选择问句里,一般都有先行词,意思是“哪一个” 。“孰”除了指人以外,也可以指物或处所。 “谁”的用法基本上与现代汉语相同,这里就不举例了。“孰”表示“哪一个”的用例如: “吾与徐公孰美?”——我和徐公相比哪一个更美?“礼与食孰重?”——这句的“孰”指物,意思是:礼制和食物相比哪一个更重要?“孰”还经常和介词“与”连用,构成固定组合“孰与” ,表示比较。 “孰与”用在句中大致意思是“和??比,哪一个更??”。如以下例句:“吾孰与徐公美?”——意思是我和徐公比,哪一个更美?有时相比较的内容在上文已经出现,因此句子里可以没有比较的内容,如:“君料臣孰与舜?”——这句里比较的内容不出现,大致意思是,您看我和舜相比,哪一个更好? 有时“孰与”比较的结果已经明确,经常用在反问句里,实际已不是表示疑问,可以译为“哪里比得上”。例如: “从天而颂之,孰与制天命而用之!”——顺从自然而颂扬它,哪里比得上控制自然的规律而运用它。 “惟坐待亡,孰与伐之。”——与其坐着等待被灭亡,哪里比得上去进攻它呢? 2、指事物的疑问代词——“何” 、“胡”、“曷”、“奚”。这几个疑问代词中,“何”的使用率最高,语法功能也较广泛。“何贵何贱?”——“何”充当主语。“曰:‘是何也?'”——“何”充当谓语。“大王来何操?”——“何”充当前置宾语。“许子何不为陶冶?”——“何”充当状语问原因。 “姜氏何厌之有?”——“何”充当定语。“胡”、“曷”、“奚”经常作状语,有时是和介词结合后作状语,用来询问原因、时间或处所等。 “悠悠苍天,曷其有极?”——“曷”问时间,等于说“什么时候” 。“子奚乘是车也?”——“奚”问原因,相当于“为什么” 。“胡为久居此围城之中而不去也?”——“胡”和介词“为”结合后充当状语,问原因。“胡为”即“为什么” 。“奚以知其然也?”——“奚”和介词“以”结合后充当状语,意思是“凭什么” 。 3、指处所的疑问代词——“安” 、“恶”、“焉”。主要用作状语,询问处所,相当于现代汉语的“在哪里”。还可用于反问句,作状语,加强反问语气。 “沛公安在?”——“安”充当“在”的前置宾语。“安在”即“在哪里” 。“恶在其为民父母也?”——“恶”充当“在”的前置宾语,“恶在”即“在哪里” ,这句意思是,他作为老百姓的父母究竟表现在哪里呢? “且焉置土石?”——“焉置”即“安放在哪里” 。 二、指示代词 1、“之”、“兹”、“其”——特指或泛指代词“其”是特指代词,表示它所修饰的名词指代的人或事物是特定的或适当的。一般可译为“那” 由于例子常见,此处不赘举。“其”在句中只能作定语。代词“其”只能作定语。 “其”后面常跟着动词谓语,从形式上来看,此时的“其”很像是主语。如:“且夫水之积也不厚,则其负大舟也无力。”. 。“吾见师之出而不见其入也。”。。

上古汉语中的远指代词和第三人称代词10页

上古指代词的强调式和弱化式 上海师范大学语言研究所潘悟云 上古汉语的第三人称代词从指别词变化过来,所以我们把代词与指别词合在一起讨论,通叫作指代词。 一、上古汉语指代词的强调式。 上古汉语的一些指代词分别出现鱼部* 和歌部* 两种读音: 其中只有“尔”的主元音为e。“尔”东周以后有“如此”的意思,如《论语·述而》:“不知老之將至云爾”,“云尔”就是“如此说”的意思。《世说》:“謝仁祖年八歲,謝豫章將送客,爾時已神悟,自參上流。”“爾時”就是“此时”。“尔”作代词用时,也逐渐变作暱称,暱称有近义。《魏书·陈奇传》:“游雅常眾辱奇,或爾汝之。”可能是“尔”的近称近指意义,使它的元音变作e。我们注意到一个很有意思的现象,近指代词“斯、此、是”的上古韵部都是支部e;而远指的指代词则属鱼部、歌部,主元音为a。 表1中的韵尾交替到底反映什么样的语法现象呢? 吾~我 “吾”、“我”是讨论得最多的两个词,我们不妨从这两个词谈起。 这两个词能在同一本书中出现,所以不大可能是方言的区别。于是,语法学家首先就想到是格的不一样,认为“吾”不能用作宾格,常用作领格,“我”常作宾格,不太作领格。问题是,“吾”能用作主格,“我”也能用作主格,“吾”常用作领格,“我”也能用作领格。于是,有些文章就用频率的方法加以区别,比如“吾”用作主格的例子占百分之几,“我”用作主格的则占百分之几,等等。如果说它们之间的区别是格的不同,自然就不会有百分之几的问题,英语的I只作主格,不可能还有百分之几的频率作宾格或领格。而且,像《孟子》中“吾”用作主格76次,“我”用作主格68次,几乎相等,没有统计上的意义。可见,上古汉语的这些代词不可能是格的反映。 有些学者早就注意到这两个词的语用区别,胡适在《吾我篇》中说,用作主格的一般是“吾”,“我”有时也可用作主格,那是故为区别或故为郑重之词。周法高《称代篇》认为“我”用作主语时,大体由于加重语气(或指我们这一方面)的缘故。 金守拙(1956)认为“‘吾’‘我’实为同一字之重读与非重读之别。‘吾’字之后无‘句读暂歇’。故与其后随之字有密切关系。‘我’字之后则常有‘句读暂歇’”。当第一人称处于句子末尾,或者话题的后头,都有一个“句读暂歇”,要重读,这个时候就用“我”。 郑张尚芳认为“我”是“吾”的强调式。他的理由除了古文献中“我”字有强调意义以外,还举了独龙语的强调式作为比较,独龙语不仅强调意义与汉语相同,而且语音形式 把以上诸家的正确意见综合起来,可以作这样的结论:信息焦点所在之处用“我”,

中国文化知识--常见借代词语及作者作品

中国文化知识---常见借代词语 1、桑梓:家乡 2、桃李:学生 3、社稷、轩辕:国家 4、南冠:囚犯 5、同窗:同学 6、烽烟:战争 7、巾帼:妇女 8、丝竹:音乐 9、须眉:男子 10、婵娟、嫦娥:月亮 11、手足:兄弟 12、汗青:史册 13、伉俪:夫妻 14、白丁、布衣:百姓 15、伛偻,黄发:老人 16、桑麻:农事 17、提携,垂髫:小孩 18、三尺:法律 19、膝下:父母 20、华盖:运气 21、函、简、笺、鸿雁、札:书信 22、庙堂:朝廷

中国文化知识---作者作品 1、唐宋八大家:韩愈、柳宗元、欧阳修、苏洵、苏轼、苏辙、王安石、曾巩 2、并称“韩柳”的是韩愈和柳宗元,他们是唐朝古文运动的倡导者。 3、一门父子三词客:苏洵(老苏)、苏轼(大苏)、苏辙(小苏)。 4、豪放派词人:苏轼、辛弃疾,并称“苏辛”;婉约派词人:李清照(女词人) 5、李杜:李白、杜甫。小李杜:李商隐、杜牧。 6、屈原:我国最早的伟大诗人,他创造了“楚辞”这一新诗体,开创了我国诗歌浪漫主义风格。 7、孔子名丘,字仲尼,春秋时鲁国人,他是儒家学派的创始人,被称为“孔圣人”,孟子被称为“亚圣”,两人并称为“孔孟”。 8、苏轼称赞王维“诗中有画,画中有诗。” 9、杜甫是唐代伟大的现实主义诗人,其诗广泛深刻的反映社会现实,被称为“诗史”,杜甫也因此被尊为“诗圣”,有著名的“三吏”:《潼关吏》、《石壕吏》、《新安吏》;“三别”:《新婚别》、《垂老别》、《无家别》。 10、我国第一部纪传体通史是《史记》(又称《太史公书》),作者是汉朝的司马迁,鲁迅称《史记》为“史家之绝唱,无韵之《离骚》”,有:12本纪、30世家、70列传、10表、8书,共130篇。 11、“四史”:《史记》、《汉书》、《后汉书》、《三国志》。 12、元曲四大家:关汉卿、郑光祖、白朴、马致远。 13、《聊斋志异》是我国第一部优秀文言短篇小说集,作者是清代著名小说家蒲松龄。“聊斋”是他的书屋名,“志”是记叙,“异”是奇怪的事情。 14、书法四大家:颜真卿、柳公权、欧阳询、赵孟(fǔ) 15、战国时期百家争鸣主要流派及代表: 儒家:孔子孟子 法家:韩非子 道家:庄子、列子 墨家:墨子 16、南宋四大家:陆游、杨万里、范成大、尤袤 17、边塞诗人:高适、岑参、王昌龄

人称代词与指示代词

代词(一) 1.主格作主语,宾格作动词或介词的宾语. He teaches ______(we) Chinese . 2.三种人称代词并列时,顺序为: 单数:二,三,一(You, she and I )复数:一,二,三(we , you and they ) 注:若把责任担,第一人称最当先,(即若做错事时,把第一人称放在最前面.) She and I have been to Beijing . Who broke the window ? I and Mike . 注:it 还有一些特别的用法。 1)用作形式主语,常用于“It’s +adj +to do sth”句型中. 2) 用在句型: “It seems that …”中. 3) 用在句型: “It’s one’s turn to do sth”中. 4) 用在句型: “It’s time to do sth / for sth”中. 5) 用在句型: “It’s +adj +that 从句”中. 6) 用作形式宾语, 用来代替动词不定式. make /think /feel/find + it + adj (名词)+ to do sth . 1.形容词性的物主代词作定语放在名词前,不能单独使用。 2.名词性的物主代词,后面不能加名词。名词性的物主代词常与of 连用。 Our classroom is as big as ______(they) . This is a friend of ______(my). 注: 1)名词性的物主代词相当于形容词性的物主代词加一个名词. (名词性的物主代词=形容词性的物主代词+ 名词) 2)形容词性的物主代词与own 连用时,后面可跟名词也可不跟名词. My own house = a house of my own 记忆小窍门: 反身代词有规律,第三人称宾格加self.其余都要物主加self,复数ves来把f替. 反身代词的常用搭配:

人称代词与指示代词

代词(一) He teaches ______ (we) Chinese . 2.三种人称代词并列时,顺序为: 单数:二,三,一 (You, she and I ) 复数:一,二,三(we , you and they ) 注:若把责任担,第一人称最当先,(即若做错事时,把第一人称放在最前面.) She and I have been to Beijing . Who broke the window ? I and Mike . 注:it 还有一些特别的用法。 1)用作形式主语,常用于“It's +adj +to do sth”句型中. 2)用在句型: “It seems that …” 中. 3)用在句型: “It's one's turn to do sth” 中. 4)用在句型: “It's time to do sth / for sth” 中. 5)用在句型: “It's +adj +that 从句”中. . 2. 名词性的物主代词,后面不能加名词。名词性的物主代词常与of 连用。 Our classroom is as big as ______ (they) . This is a friend of ______ (my). 注: 1)名词性的物主代词相当于形容词性的物主代词加一个名词. (名词性的物主代词=形容词性的物主代词+ 名词) 2)形容词性的物主代词与own 连用时,后面可跟名词也可不跟名词. My own house = a house of my own 记忆小窍门: 反身代词有规律,第三人称宾格加self.其余都要物主加self,复数ves来把f替. 反身代词的常用搭配: enjoy oneself hurt oneself teach oneself = learn by oneslf all by oneself help oneself to … look after oneself leave sb by oneself lose oneself in say to oneself for oneself dress oneself improve oneself see oneself in the mirror 四.指示代词

古汉语通论十二人称代词指示代词者字所字

古汉语通论十二人称代词指示代词者字所字 集团公司文件内部编码:(TTT-UUTT-MMYB-URTTY-ITTLTY-

古汉语通论(十二)人称代词,指示代词,者字,所字 重点:所有 古代汉语同现代汉语一样,也有人称代词、指示代词和疑问代词。但古今汉语的代词体系仍有很大的不同。主要表现在以下三个方面: 第一,古代汉语有两类比较特别的代词是现代汉语所没有的。一类是无定代词“或”和“莫”,另一类是辅助性代词“者”和“所”。 第二,古汉语的人称代词、指示代词和疑问代词都使用了许多与今天完全不同的形式,比如同是第一人称代词,古汉语不但有“我”,还有“吾”、“余”、“朕”、“卬”等;与现代汉语指示代词“这”相当的,不但有“此”,还有“是”、“斯”、“兹”等。 第三,古代汉语人称代词体系不完备,第三人称代词发育不全。严格来说,先秦汉语没有真正的第三人称代词,第三人称代词的职务是由指示代词“其”和“之”来承担的。 (一)人称代词 (1)“吾”“我”“予”(余)都属於第一人称。例如: 吾日三省吾身。(论语·学而) 老吾老,以及人之老;幼吾幼,以及人之幼。(孟子·梁惠王上) 我非爱其财而易之以羊也,宜乎百姓之谓我爱也。(同上) 在上古汉语里,“我”和“予”(余)可以用作主语、宾语、定语;“吾”可以用作主语、定语,但一般不用作宾语。《庄子·齐物论》“今者吾丧我”(如今我忘记了自身),这是一个典型的例子,不能换成“今者我丧吾”或“今者吾丧吾”。但是这只是位置的关系;如果在否定句里,宾语放在动词的前面,却又可以用“吾”字了。例如:居则曰:“不吾知也。”(论语·先进)

第一人称代词还有“朕”,先秦一般人都可以用,如: 皋陶曰:“朕言惠。”(《尚书·皋陶谟》) 帝高阳之苗裔兮,朕皇考曰伯庸。(《楚辞·离骚》) 用乍朕皇考大仲尊簋。(大簋) “朕”到了秦始皇统一中国后规定为皇帝专称,一般人不能使用。 (2)“女”(汝)“尔”“若”“而”“乃”都属於第二人称。例如: 力不足者中道而废,今女画。(论语·雍也) 往之女家。(孟子·滕文公下) 必欲烹乃翁,幸分我一杯羹。(汉书·项羽传) 第二人称代词可以分为两类:一类是“女(汝)、尔、若”,可以作主语、宾语和定语;另一类是“而”和“乃”,一般只作定语,偶尔可作主语,但绝不作宾语(连否定句的宾语都不能)。 另外,第二人称的“女(汝)”注意跟男女之“女”区别。“尔”还可以作指示代词和语气词;“若”还可以作动词(像)、指示代词、假设连词等;“而”可以作名词(胡须)、连词;“乃”可以作副词,这些都需要根据上下文进行区别。 (3)“其”和“之”同属第三人称,“其”字略等於现代汉语“他的”“她的”“它的”;“之”字略等於现代汉语的“他”“她”“它”。这种“其”用作定语,“之”用作宾语。例如: 管仲以其君霸,晏子以其君显。(孟子·公孙丑上) 今吾於人也,听其言而观其行。(论语·公冶长) 师之所为,郑必知之。(左传僖公三十二年) 虽有天下易生之物也,一日暴之,十日寒之,未有能生者也。(孟子·告子上)下,视其辙;登,轼而望之。

指示代词

第四讲:指示代词 一.指示代词:是表示指示概念的代词,即用来指示或标识人或事物的代词。 二.this和these指说话人较近的人或物,that和those指说话人较远的人或物。 三.this和that指单数,these和those指复数. 例题: 那只狗 that dog 这个苹果 this apple 这些学生 these students 那些尺子 those rulers 四.指示代词和定冠词the不可同时使用。 This book is new. ( √ ) The book is new. ( √ ) This the book is new. ( × ) 五. 指示代词由单数句变成复数句: 单数复数 指示代词 this hese that those 人称代词 I we you you he/she/it they be动词 am/is are 句型转换: 1. What is this? (复数) What are these? 2. That is a pen. ( 复数) Those are pens. 注意:单数句子转变为复数句子,指示代词,人称代词,系动词,可数名词都要变化为复数形式。 六.指示代词的一般疑问句和特殊疑问句及回答: Is this/that a/an....? Yes,it is./No, it isn't. Are these/those....? Yes, they are./No, they aren't. What is this/that? It is a/an..... What are these/those? They are.... 指示代词练习题: 一、填空。 1. I like _____ pants. _______ pants are red.(这些)

文学常识:常见借代词语

文学常识:常见借代词语 导读:常见借代词语 杏坛:本是孔子聚徒讲学的地方,在今山东省曲阜孔庙大成殿前,因此就以杏坛称代教育届。 杏林:相传三国时吴国董奉为人治病不受钱,只求重病愈者为之种杏五株,轻者一株,数年后蔚然成林。后常以杏林称代医学界。 社稷:社,土地神;稷,谷神。因土地和粮食是立国的根本,故用作国家的代称。 朱门:红漆的大门。古时王侯贵族经帝王赏赐方可在宅门上加朱漆,故以朱门代指贵族宅第。 桑梓:古时住宅旁常栽桑树、梓树,因用桑梓称代家乡。 干戈:干,盾牌;戈,戟。干戈,是古代作战时常用的武器,因用以泛指战争。 纨绔:是指用白色细绢裁制的套裤,这是古代富家贵族子弟所穿的衣服,常用以称富贵子弟。 汗青:古代在竹简上书写,为了容易写字和避免虫蛀,先用火烤竹简,使水分蒸发,称为汗青。引申为书册、史册。 丝竹:因琴瑟、箫管等乐器多用丝竹所制,后成为音乐的代称。 缙绅:缙,插;绅,束腰的大带。垂绅插笏是旧时官宦的装束,故指有官职或做过官的人。 三尺:代法律。因古代法律写在三尺长的.竹简上,叫三尺法。

鸿雁:鸟名,有迁徙的性能,古代传说能传递书信,因借指书信。 杜康:相传是古代最初造酒的人,后作为酒的代称。 布衣:古时平民穿的麻布衣服,后指平民百姓。 巾帼:古代妇女的头巾和发饰,后用作妇女的代称。 须眉:胡须和眉毛,借指男子。 拙荆:拙,粗劣,自谦之词。古时贫寒人家的妇女以荆枝作钗,后因之对人谦称自己的妻子为拙荆。 1、桑梓:家乡 2、桃李:学生 3、社稷、轩辕:国家 4、南冠:囚犯 5、同窗:同学 6、烽烟:战争 7、巾帼:妇女 8、丝竹:音乐 9、须眉:男子 10、婵娟、嫦娥:月亮 11、手足:兄弟 12、汗青:史册 13、伉俪:夫妻 14、白丁、布衣:百姓

代词it的常考点

代词it的常考点 考点1.it作形式主语或宾语, 代指后面的不定式或动名词或句子 1.【2010全国2】The doctor thought _____ would be good for you to have a holiday. A. this B. that C. one D. it 2.【2007全国II】_____ felt funny watching myself on TV. A. One B. This C. It D. That 3.【2012 陕西】No matter where he is, he makes _____ a rule to go for a walk before breakfast. A. him B this C. that D. it 4.Why don’t you bring _____ to his attention that now students are bearing too heavy learning load? A. it B. this C. that D. what 5.You may depend on _____ that he will turn up in time. A. it B. me C. which D. them 6.Will you see to _____ that the luggage is brought back? A. me B. yourself C. it D. them 7.【2011山东】The two girls are so alike that strangers find ___ difficult to tell one from the other. A. it B. them C. her D. that 8.—I don’t know whether I should go abroad or not, Mum. — I leave _____ to your own judgment whether you should do it. A. that B. it C. this D. what 考点2.用于表达天气、环境、时间、距离、季节等 ①It’s half an hour’s walk from here to our school. (指距离) ②It’s nice and warm here. (指天气、气候) ③But it’s two o’clock now, and it’s time for us to go to school. (指时间) 9.They live on a busy main road. _____ must be very noisy. A. There B. It C. That D. They 考点3.不知性别,是婴儿常用it 10.Mary is expecting another baby and hopes _____ will be a boy. A. he B. that C. it D. there 考点4.it 用以指身份不明的人 it用以指身份不明的人。若指身份明确的人,则不宜用it。试比较: ①Mr. Smith is at the door. He wants to see you. ②Someone is at the door. It must be Mr. Smith.

it和that作指示代词时区别 八

it和that作指示代词时区别八 that 是不同地方的it 是相同地方的例:beijing'weather is more cold than that in shanghai 你看北京和上海是两个不同的城市所以用that 再举一个例子today'weather is more cold than it yesterday 因为是同一个地方的两天的天气所以用it that就是引导宾语从句的先行词 this”、“that”既可以作形容词,又可以作指示代词;而“it”只能作代词。one可用数词又可作代词. 指“物” 1.“this”指近物,“that”指远物,“it”没有远近之分。如:This is a computer. 这是一台电脑。(在近处) That is a bike. 那是一辆自行车。(在远处) 2.在回答“this”和“that”作主语的疑问句时,常用“it”代替

“this”和“that”。如: -Is this/that a car? 这/那是一辆小汽车吗? -Yes, it is./No, it isn′t. 是的,它是。/不,它不是。 -What′s this/that? 这/那是什么? -It′s a ruler. 这/那是一把尺子。 3.陈述在一起的两样东西时,应先说“this”,后说“that”。如: This is a book. That is a pen. 这是一本书,那是一枝钢笔。 4.one与it的区别 one指代上文提到过的同类事物中的一个,但不是上文提到的那一个事物。如果指同类事物中的一些,要用ones。如: This apple is small. Please give me a big one. 这个苹果小,请给我一个大的。 These books are mine. Those ones are Lily's. 这些书是我的,那些书是莉莉的。 it指代前文中提到过的那一个事物。如: My bike is very old,but I like it very much.

代词指代

1、【阅读材料1】 有意境的艺术形象,必须是独创的艺术形象,▲它①能给读者带来一种新鲜、独特的美感。如王国维所说:“一切境界,无不为诗人设。世无诗人,即无此境界。……遂觉诗人之言,字字为了心中所欲言,而又非我之所能言。”这种独特性既来自内心世界的独特体验,有来自对外部世界的独特发现,▲它②体现着作家充分发展的个性的个体意识,因而绝不会与别人雷同。陶渊明笔下的意境常常离不开菊,▲它③是作者恬淡自然的胸襟的外化;李白笔下的意境往往是酒,它是作者化胸中块垒为不平之气的催化剂;苏轼笔下的意境,常常带月,表现出作者对理想世界的憧憬与追求;陆游笔下的意境时时有梅,显示着作者品格的高傲与纯洁。个人各式的意境各不相同,有“江流天地外,山色有无中”(王维《汉江临泛》)的朦胧,有“气蒸云梦泽,波撼岳阳城”(孟浩然《望洞庭湖赠张丞相》)的雄阔,有“无边落木萧萧下,不尽长江滚滚来”(杜甫《登高》)的悲慨,有“春蚕到死丝方尽,蜡烛成灰泪始干”(李商隐《无题》)的缠绵等等。 意境是作家对自我、对生活的独特发现和创造,但是这种创造不是靠镂金错采,刻意雕琢得来的,更不能有丝毫的虚假和做作,▲这是在内容的真实和形式的自然二者结合的基础上所进行的独特创造。王国维在强调“真景物,真感情”的同时,提出意境的描写必须做到“不隔”。所谓“不隔”,就是真切自然,如王之涣《登鹳雀楼》,全诗写登楼所见和登楼者的心情十分真实,语言如行云流水,自然天成,所创造的意境深刻而独特,可谓千古绝唱。 【阅读材料2】 一生中能有这样两个发现,该是很够了。即使只能作出一个这样的发现,也已经是幸福了。但是马克思在他所研究的每个领域,甚至数学领域都有独到的发现,这样的领域是很多的,而且其中任何一个领域他都不是肤浅地研究的。 他作为科学家就是▲这样,但是▲这在他身上远不是主要的。在马克思看来,科学是一种在历史上起推动作用的、革命的力量。

古代常见借代词语

古代常见借代词语文件编码(GHTU-UITID-GGBKT-POIU-WUUI-8968)

古代常见借代词语 古代常见借代词语 1.桑梓——家乡 古代,人们喜欢在住宅周围栽植桑树和梓树,后来人们就用物代指处所,比喻故乡。又说家乡的桑树和梓树是父母种的,要对它表示敬意。 2.桃李——学生 人们历来喜欢把老师培养出来的学生称作“桃李”,把老师教育、培养了众多学生称作“桃李满天下”。 3.社稷、轩辕——国家 社稷:社,古代指土地之神;古代又把祭土地的地方、日子和礼都叫社。稷,指五谷之神。 “社稷”从字面来看是说土谷之神。由于古时的君主为了祈求国事太平,平谷丰登,每年都要到郊外祭祀土地和五谷神。社稷也就成了国家的象征,后来人们就用“社稷”来代表国家。 轩辕:古代装有有帷幕的车叫“轩”古代车前面用来驾牲口的那根直木叫“辕”“轩辕”合起来就是指古代的车。因为传说车是黄帝发明的,所以人们就称黄帝为“轩辕氏”。又因为黄帝被认为是中华民族的祖先,“轩辕”又被用来代指中华大地。 4.南冠——囚犯 南冠,楚国在南方,因此称楚冠为南冠。本指被俘的楚国囚犯。后泛称囚犯或战俘。亦作“南冠囚”。 5.同窗——同学

同窗,指在同一所学校里就读的人。古代学习条件很艰苦,所以就把同学称做同窗,窗,有寒窗之含义,说同窗二字,也就显示出了说话者之间的亲密和尊重,比说同学要亲切许多。 6.烽烟——战争 烽烟是指古代边防报警的烟火,后比喻战争或战乱。烽火台是古时用于点燃烟火传递重要消息的高台。烽烟也叫狼烟,是用狼的粪便做燃料,它的特点是燃烧起来烟黑且浓,竖直向上,可以让很远的地方看到。 7.巾帼——妇女 “巾帼”由来古时候的贵族妇女,常在举行祭把大典时戴一种用丝织品或发丝制成的头饰,这种头巾式的头饰叫巾帼,其上还装缀着一些金珠玉翠制成的珍贵首饰。巾帼的种类及颜色有多种,如用细长的马尾制作的叫“剪耄帼”;用黑中透红颜色制作的叫“绀缯帼”。因巾帼这类物品是古代妇女的高贵装饰,人们便称女中豪杰为“巾帼英雄”,后人又把“巾帼”作为妇女的尊称。 8.须眉——男子 胡子是个总名称,故古人称男子为须眉。封建传统歧视女性,所以当一个女人很有作为时,就叫巾帼不让须眉,意思是说女人不比男人差。9.丝竹——音乐 丝:指弦乐器;竹:指管乐器。丝竹是琴瑟箫笛等乐器的总称。也指音乐。 10.婵娟、嫦娥——月亮 婵娟和嫦娥均指月亮。 婵娟:①形态美好、漂亮:蛾眉新画觉婵娟。②指美女:家家分影照婵娟。③指月亮:“但愿人长久,千里共婵娟。” 嫦娥又称姮娥.女性.神话中的人物。她美貌非凡,后飞天成仙,住在月亮上的仙宫。 11.手足——兄弟

关于it作人称代词的用法

关于it作人称代词的用法: 1. 用于指事物 it用作人称代词最基本的用法就是代替前面已提到过的事物,以避免重复: This is my watch, it’s a Swiss one. 这是我的手表,它是瑞士制的。 I cannot find my watch; I must have lost it. 我找不到手表,我一定把它给丢了。 2. 用于指动物或婴儿 除用于指代事物外,还可指动物或性别不详的婴儿: “Where is the cat?” “It’s under the bed.” “猫在哪儿?”“在床下。” They got a baby and it was very lovely. 他们生了个孩子,很可爱。 3. 用于上文提到的情况 He smokes in bed and I don’t like it. 他在床上抽烟,我不喜欢他这样。 Her mother kept telling her not to go out at night, but it didn’t help. 她母亲老叫她晚上不要出去,但是没用。 4. 用于指人 it用于指人主要用确定未知人的身份: “Who is it?” “It’s me.” “是谁啊?”“是我。” “Listen. Someone is crying.” “Oh, it must be Mary.” “听,有人在哭。”“噢,一定是玛丽。” Someone must have been here. But we have no idea who it was. 一定有人来过,但我们不知道是谁。 5. 指人时与he和she的区别 当it用于指人时,主要用于确定未知的或者是身份不明的人,若是指已知的或身份明确的人,则应根据情况使用he或she。比较: I hear a knock at the door. It must be the postman. 我听见有人在敲门,一定是邮递员来了。 Jim is at the door. He wants to see you. 吉姆在门口,他想见你。 A tall man stood up and shook hands with her. It was the general manager. 一个高个子站起来同她握了手,他是总经理。

代词及It用法

代词及It用法 代词是代替名词的词,英语中代词有人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词、连接代词和关系代词等九种。 一、人称代词: (一)概述 表示“我(们)”、“你(们)”、“他/她/它(们)”等的词叫人称代词,它有人称、数和格的变化,其形式列 (二)人称代词的句法功能: 人称代词在句中的功能是通过“格”表现出来的,不同的格表明人称代词在句中有不同的句法功能。如: 1、主格形式作主语和表语。 He was late yesterday.昨天他迟到了。 They went to the cinema together.他们一起去看电影去了。 She and I are very good friends.我和她是很要好的朋友。 ---Is that Mr. Smith? 是史密斯先生吗? ---Yes, this is he.(电话用语) 是的。 It might have been she.那或许是她。 【注】①在非正式英语,尤其是口语中,人称代词作be的表语时,通常可用其宾格形式代替主格。如:---Who is it? 谁呀? ---It’s me.是我。 ②to be + 人称代词作主语的补足语时,人称代词用主格,作宾语的补足语时用宾格。如: I was thought to be she.人们认为我是她。= They thought me to be her. 2、宾格形式作宾语(动词的宾语或介词的宾语)。 I bought a present for them. = I bought them a present.我给他们买了件礼物。 Mind you, this is just you and me.听着,这事只能你知我知,绝不可外传。 3、在比较状语从句中,在不引起误解的前提下,有时用宾格代替主格(尤其其后有同位语“all”时)。 He is taller than I (或me).他比我高。 He is taller than us all.他比我们都高。 【注】若可能引起误解,就不能用宾格代替主格。如: He loves you more than I.他爱你胜过我爱你。 He loves you mare than me.他爱你胜过爱我。 4、用来表示感叹时,常用宾格形式。 Dear me! 哎呀/天哪! = Goodness me! (三)代词排列次序(1—每一人称;2—第二人称;3—第三人称) 1、单数:通常按2,3,1或是3,2,1人称排列。如: Mary and I are classmates. You, he and I are good friends. 2、复数:通常按1,2,3人称排列。如: We, you and they have been invited to the party. Both we and they happened to be there. 3、第三人称男女两性并用时,男先女后。如: He and she still don’t quite agree to this plan.

区别+例题代词it__one__that和those用法说明[1]复习过程

代词it, one, that和those用法说明 为了避免重复出现前面已经出现的名词,常用it, one, that, those来替代。这几个替代词是高考中的一个常考点。现将各个替代词的用法归纳如下: 用法说明一: it和that都替代“the+单数名词(可数或不可数)”,都是特指,都可替代可数和不可数名词,但it指前面提到的“同一”事物,而that是指前面提到的“同类”事物。如:My father bought me a pen and I like it very much. 我父亲给我买了一支钢笔,我非常喜欢它。(it替代the pen,指前面提到的父亲给我买的那支钢笔) This dictionary is more useful than that (=the one)I bought yesterday. 这本词典比我昨天买的更有用。(that替代the dictionary,与前面的this dictionary 是同类) 用法说明二: one替代“a+单数可数名词”,表示泛指;其复数形式ones替代泛指的复数名词。特指的the one相当于that,替代“the+单数名词”;the one的复数形式the ones,替代“the+复数名词”,在口语中也常用those代替。当后面有of短语时,多用that或those;当有前置修饰语时,只能用one(s)。另外,one(s), the one(s), those都只能替代可数名词。如: Radios are useful for me to learn English. I’d like to buy one .收音机对我学英语很有用,我想买一台。(one替代a radio,是泛指收音机这类东西中的一台) We still have shortcomings,and they are very big ones too. 我们还有缺点,而且是很大的缺点。(ones替代shortcomings) We kept seats for those who might arrive late. 我们给可能来晚的人留了座位。(those=the ones替代the persons) Waves of red light are about twice as long as those of blue light. 红色光线的波长约为蓝色波长的两倍。(those替代the waves) The population of Scotland was eight times as large as that of Cornwall. 苏格兰的人口是康沃尔人口的八倍。(that替代不可数名词the population,不能用the one) Correct the mistakes in the following sentences: 1. --- Do you haven’t an English-Chinese dictionary? --- Yes, I have it. 2. The language used in advertisements differs from one used in ordinary readings. 3. The colour of his jacket is better than mine. 4. --- Does she have a bike? --- Yes, she has a one. 5. --- I saw only one motorcar in that shop. Will you go and buy one? --- No, I would rather find it in other shops. Keys: 1 it--- one 2 one --- that 3 mine--- that of mine 4 删a 5 one--- it Multiple choice 1. --- There must be a dozen pens in the house but I can never find _______ when I need ______. --- Keep looking. ______ is sure to turn up. A. one; one; One B. it; one; It C. one; it; This D. a one; one; The one 2. --- Can I help you? --- I’d like to buy a present for my father’s birthday, _______ at a proper price, but of great use. A. that B. one C. any one D. the one 3. Maybe it is true that we do not know what we have got until we lose ______ . A. one B. that C. it D. the one 4. The environment in this faraway town is as pleasant as ________ in the coastal city. A. one B. it C. them D. that 5. The best job is _______ which uses your skill in doing something together with your interest in the subject. A. that B. the one C. one D. it 6. --- What do you think of the furniture on exhibition? --- W ell, great! But I don’t think much of ________ you bought. A. the one B. it C. that D. which 7. A cake made of wheat costs less than ________ made of rice. A. one B. that C. a one D. the one 8. As they are retired, they prefer to buy a house in the country to spend their late years to _____ in a large city. A. one B. that C. the one D. it

相关文档