轮胎胎体轮廓设计对侧偏刚度的影响研究
第51卷第14期2015年7月
机械工程学报
JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Vol.51 No.14
Jul. 2015
DOI：10.3901/JME.2015.14.131
轮胎胎体轮廓设计对侧偏刚度的影响研究*
王国林 任洁雨 杨 建 梁 晨 周海超
(江苏大学汽车与交通工程学院镇江212013)
摘要：以某205/55R16型轿车子午线轮胎为研究对象，利用ABAQUS建立计及复杂花纹的轮胎稳态侧偏滚动3D有限元分析模型，并通过侧偏特性转鼓试验验证仿真模型的可靠性。为研究胎体轮廓设计对轮胎侧偏刚度的影响，以胎体弦平衡轮廓理论为基础，提出带束层压力分担率简化为梯形的修正胎体弦平衡轮廓理论，编制轮廓计算程序。结合仿真模型，从接地特性和侧偏刚度的角度与现行设计轮胎作对比分析；进而设计出不同带束层压力分担率的胎体轮廓，仿真研究不同带束层压力分担率下胎体轮廓设计对轮胎侧偏刚度的影响。结果表明，应用胎体弦平衡轮廓修正理论设计的轮胎接地面积略有增大，接地压力偏度值下降；接地特性的改善使轮胎的侧偏刚度得到提升，有利于轮胎的操纵性能；不同带束层压力分担率的胎体轮廓对轮胎的侧偏刚度具有一定的影响。
关键词：数值仿真；侧偏刚度；胎体轮廓设计；压力分担率
中图分类号：U463
Effect Study of Radial Tire Contour Design to Cornering Stiffness
WANG Guolin REN Jieyu YANG Jian LIANG Chen ZHOU Haichao
(School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013)
Abstract：A three-dimensional finite element model of radial tire 205/55R16, considering the complex tread patterned tire’s steady-state lateral rolling, is established by ABAQUS software. The cornering characteristics drum test is used to prove that the simulation model is reliable. For the effect research of radial tire contour design to cornering stiffness, a modified string balance contour theory is presented based on string balance contour theory, which simplifies the belts pressure share ratio as trapezium. The program of contour calculation is edited. Combined with the simulation model, the contact performance and cornering stiffness of radial tire are analyzed and compared with the existing contour design. According to the different belt pressure share ratios, the different tire contours are designed so as to study how the different belt pressure share ratios influence tire cornering stiffness. The results show that compared with the existing contour, modified string balance contour theory can be applied to increase the tire contact area, decrease the skewness value of contact pressure and improve the contact performance. It is helpful to enhance tire cornering stiffness. In addition, the different contours of radial tire based on different belt pressure share ratios will influence the cornering stiffness.
Key words：numerical simulation；cornering stiffness；tire contour design；share ratio of pressure
0 前言
轮胎的侧偏特性，尤其是侧偏力和侧偏角之间的关系是研究汽车操纵稳定性的基础[1-2]，也直接影响着转向过程中行车的安全性。轮胎的侧偏刚度与轮胎结构、材料和路况等因素密切相关。通过轮胎结构设计，研究轮胎结构与力学特性之间的关系，
*中国博士后科学基金(2014M551509)和国家自然科学基金(51405201)资助项目。20140906收到初稿，20150201收到修改稿在轮胎产品研发过程中实现汽车-轮胎的性能匹配发挥着至关重要的作用。
通过轮胎物理模型和经验或半经验公式研究轮胎的侧偏特性，需要对轮胎结构和材料作大量假设以及足够多的试验数据，例如：刷子模型、Magic Formula模型等[3]。目前，应用有限元法对轮胎的力学特性进行仿真在轮胎产品研发中也日益普及[4-5]。NIKOLA等[6]结合转鼓试验，仿真分析轮胎在转鼓上自由滚动，研究了轮胎的滚动和侧偏。GHEREISHY[7]以Abaqus仿真软件为基础，进行小