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高考英语江苏卷解析

2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试【江苏卷】单项选择：

21. A。本题考查时态及主谓一致用法。分析句子结构，主语为students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others，中心词为inner motivation，显然为第三人称单数。再根据generally（一般说来），可见讲通常情况，所以用一般现在时。故选择A。

【句意】一般说来，他人对其期望值高的学生的内在动机对自身的发展是至关重要的。22. B。本题考查口语交际。A. Who says谁说的B. How come怎么会（表达说话人的惊讶之情）C. What for为什么D. Why worry为什么担心。这段对话是关于网购，发生在买家和客服之间，根据回答中的But可见客服对于买家反映的情况表示惊讶，但还是承诺会查清楚。所以选B。【句意】——我收到的这件T恤衫和网页上展示的不一样。

——怎么会呢？不过我向您承诺我们会立刻查清楚这事儿的。

23. B。本题考查动词词义辨析。本题中，动词的过去分词已具有形容词的性质。A. be qualified 合格的；有资格的；B.be well preserved保存完好的；C. be well decorated装饰得很漂亮的；

D. be simplified被简化的。根据句意，选B。

【句意】——这座小镇是如此美丽！我真是喜欢它。

——我也是。小镇的特色保存的很完好。

24. D。考查非谓语动词用法。解题关键：判断非谓语动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构得知，Lionel Messi is considered the most talented football player in Europe为主句，_____ the record for the most goals in a calendar year在句中作状语，set与逻辑主语Lionel Messi构成主动关系，故先排除A；再根据句意，“创立记录在先，被认为是最有才华球员在后”，故用having set。所以选D。

【句意】梅西，在一个日历年度创下了最多的进球记录，被认为是欧洲最优秀的足球运动员。

25. A。本题考查动词时态。解题关键：对话双方谈论同一话题，自然时间一致，时态也相互关联。本题中关键时间状语为tomorrow morning，所以回答时用将来进行时，表示“明天上午我将在家写报告”，用将来进行时。所以选A。

【句意】——明天上午我可以用你的汽车吗？——当然可以。那时候，我将在家写报告呢。

26. D。本题考查短语介词辨析。A. On account of因为，由于B. In response to 对……做出回应C. In view of 考虑到，鉴于D. With regard to关于，至于。根据句意，选择D。

【句意】当我收到你的电子邮件时，总是很高兴的。关于7月1日的聚会我将非常高兴参加。

27. D。本题考查动词时态和倒装。当否定词或具有否定含义的短语置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。本题中，Never for a second置于句首，所以句子倒装，故先排除A，C。再根据已知时态would come to…，可知在讲发生过的事情，用过去时，故选D。

【句意】“没有一秒，”男孩说，“我怀疑过我爸爸会来救我。”

28. C。本题考查让步状语从句。在状语从句_____ it is discovered中，不缺少任何主要成分，所以引导词只能在从句中作状语，只可以选择副词性质的，所以答案很明显，选C。

【句意】在全球经济中，一种治疗癌症的新药，无论它是在哪儿被发现，都将在全球产生很多经济上的可能性。

29. A。本题考查动词短语辨析。A. get over克服；恢复；熬过；B. look over查看；细看；仔细检查；C. take over接收，接管；D. come over过来，来访。根据句意，选A。

【句意】团队领导者必须确保所有成员克服他们发自内心的愿望——想要避免犯错所带来的尴尬。

30. C。本题考查非真实条件句的虚拟语气。根据主句中should not have laughed可知，本句所讲与过去事实相反。If引导非真实条件句表示与过去事实相反时，从句结构为had done.。

所以选A。【句意】如果我当时想到你是认真的，我就不会笑了。

31. C。本题考查时间状语从句的省略用法。Shortly after在……之后不久，引导时间状语从句。时间状语从句中，当主语与主句主语一致时，为避免重复，从句可用省略句。根据短语reduce the city to ruins（使城市沦为废墟），可见reduce与逻辑主语the city构成被动关系，排除A，D；而and连接两个并列成分，suffering from a massive earthquake and ______ to ruins，根据suffering的形式，确定答案为being reduced。故选C。

【拓展】时间状语从句的省略句中，牢记三个例外：before, after, since。这三个词引导时间状语从句，一旦用作省略句时，结构为before/after/since+doing（主动），before/after/since+being done（被动）。【句意】在遭受大地震，沦为废墟之后不久，这座城市就呈现出新的面貌。

32. B。本题考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China为主句，先行词为a passion，通过还原法可知，a passion在从句中作start 的宾语。故选B。【拓展】考生务必牢记：what不可引导定语从句。

【句意】世界银行的主席说，他热爱中国，这种热爱他记得早在童年时就开始了。

33. C。本题考查固定短语在语境中的使用。A. take a share分担……，为……出力B. take a chance冒险C. take a turn转弯，转；（情况、形势等）转变D. take a lead领先，带头。根据本句，for the better的提示，可见是讲转变，变得更好，所以选C。

【句意】有了源于其他食品文化的灵感，美国饮食文化可以变得更好。

34. A。本题考查动词时态。A是一般过去时；B是一般现在时；C是过去将来时；D是现在完成时。本题关键时间点就是yesterday，所以讲昨天的事情，故用一般过去时，选A。【拓展】时态题关键是找准句子的时间的基点，例如本题就是抓住yesterday。

【句意】——昨天的自驾游如何？——太累人了！道路正在拓宽，开起来真不容易！

35. D。本题考查口语交际。A. That’s right 那是对的B. All right行，好啊C. I’m all right我没事儿，我很好D. It’s all right没关系（可回答Thank you或Sorry）。很明显，选D。

【句意】——谢谢你送的花。——不用谢。我想它们可以让你振作起来。

完形填空：[定文体抓主旨]：本文是一篇夹叙夹议的散文。本文主题围绕作者对于美国梦的认识变化而展开。首先讲述了作者曾经以为美国梦就是追求个人的成功；后来，在遭遇一系列不幸后，作者在乡村生活四年的经历和感受使得作者对美国梦的有了新的认识和深刻感悟，也就是如何实现大家共同的成功。

本篇难度：中等。

36．A。结合文章主旨和上文语境。由此句“I wanted it and worked toward it like everyone else.”作者过去曾经坚信的美国梦就是大家都在共同的追求中实现个人的成功。separately单独地，个别地；equally相等地；平等地；

37．B。根据语境和固定短语。由第二段“a series of unhappy events”，一系列的不幸使得作者的梦想破碎。fall apart崩溃，破碎；fall off 减少；跌落；变坏；fall over被…绊倒；意外地从…上跌落；fall out争吵；结果；解散；

38．D。语义和词组搭配。在穷困潦倒时，作者只得到乡村找个便宜的居所，此处搭配为search…for…其余均不符。

39．D。语境和语义。“I had my truck and $56”，因为作者已经到了几乎身无分文的地步，带着身上仅有的56美元，作者只能租下最便宜的花费的住所（some place I could rent）。40．C。根据句意和搭配。作者找到了可以租赁的一个破旧房子，不过要沿着横跨波托马克河的蜿蜒山路向上行走4英里。”a winding mountain road”横跨“the Potomac River”，over 在…上面,由一边到另一边，其余均不符。

41．B。由上下文信息和词义。“a shabby house”这是一个破旧的房子，“ful l of broken glass and rubbish”到处都是破碎的玻璃碎片和垃圾，所以看出这里早已被遗弃多时，occupied已占用的，在使用的；abandoned被放弃的，被遗弃的,其余两项被清空的和被抢劫的语境不符。42．C。把握上文语境。作者找到房主租下房子后，“to camp in”必须先进行清理才能住宿，所以作者先清理了房主的一个角落。clear 扫除，使干净；approach接近，走近，靠近; turn 旋转；使改变方向；cut剪切；切成。这三项与语境不符。

43．A。根据语句间的逻辑关系。尽管当地人对我是一无所知，但是，他们却教我与邻居相处的艺术。很显然是一种转折关系。although尽管；虽然位置应该放在“The locals knew nothing about me”之前。otherwise否则，不然；for因为，由于。它们都不符合。

44．D。根据句意和词汇。邻居们教作者应该如何与邻居们相处的艺术。art艺术，技巧；benefit利益，好处；lesson教训，训诫；nature自然；天性；天理；后三项与语境不符。45．A。根据句意和词组。“to chat” 邻居们开始停留下来与作者聊天。stick around逗留，停留；look around骋目四顾；四顾；swing around使转过；turn around使）转身；（使）好转；改变意见。

46．C。根据上下文语境解题。文章第一段讲到了“the American Dream，which meant a job, a mortgage (按揭), credit cards, success”，空格后提示“not the one of individual achievement”，可知这是一个不同的（different）American Dream。

47．A。根据上下文语境解题。本段前面讲到邻居们教他做邻居的艺术，给他提供了很多帮助，由此可知选neighborliness友善，睦邻友好。其余三项分别意为：幸福；友好，亲切；仁慈，好意。neighborliness侧重指邻里关系。

48．D。根据上下文语境解题。根据第一段所描述的美国梦的内容“a job, a mortgage (按揭), credit cards, success”，可知作者原来认为这些东西是文明生活必须的（necessary）。其余三项分别意为：野生的，野蛮的，狂野的；真实的；偏僻的，遥远的，均不符合语境。

49. A。根据上文提示和语法知识解题。由第二段中“I came upon a shabby house four miles up

a winding mountain road”可知房子在山上，可知选up。

50．D。根据上下文语境解题。句意：在这个山上，我最珍贵的财产是我和邻居们的关系（relationships）。其余三项分别意为：合作；满意；约会，均不符合语境。

51．C。根据上下文语境解题。根据第二段的“I _38_the countr yside for some place”可知作者到乡村找地方租住，现在是“I moved back into”，当然是搬回到城里（town）了。其余三项分别意为：现实；社会；生活，均不符合语境。

52．B。根据句内逻辑关系解题。前面说“many people were having a really hard time”，许多

人正过着相当艰难的生活，可知是失去（losing）了工作和家。creating:创造；offering：提供，明显不符合语境；quitting只能和jobs搭配，不能和homes搭配。

53．C。根据语法知识解题。本题考查动词词组含义。四个选项分别意为：放进，提交，申请；上交，拐入，告发；让…进入，接受，理解，吸入，欺骗；进入，到达，收获，被录取。此处说作者设法租了一个足够大的房子来让一些人住进来，因此选C。get in是主动进入，不符合语境。

54．B。根据上文语境和语法知识解题。此处说：如果我们不团结在一起，我们都会流落到住收容所（shelters）的地步。其余三项分别意为：庭院；帐篷；小屋，村舍，均不符合语境。

55．D。根据语法知识和语境解题。句意：美国梦不是关于我能为自己得到什么，而是关于我们所有人如何能够一起度过难关。about后面的从句不缺主语、宾语、表语，因此不选what；也没有是否(whether)的意思；也没有涉及时间问题（when），因此只能选how.

阅读理解：

A篇: 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，题材是加拿大游乐园的旅游指导宣传页。作者通过描述游客服务、饮食选择、ATM机服务、宠物的照料、急救、婴儿车、储物柜和轮椅的租

据整个宣传页的描述，都是为游客的安全便利等内容涉及的，目的就是让游客玩得开心，顺利，所以公园的贴心服务为本宣传页的最终目的。A项先进的管理，B项精彩刺激的表演，

D项娱乐设施的最终目的都在于为游客提供贴心的服务。

解题思路：判断一篇文章的写作目的，一定要关注文章中描绘每个细节和最终的落脚点等。如文中的help you with anything, are welcome, come to your location这些词都是提示。

57.B。细节理解题。难度：中等。题干关键词为visitor to park定位于第三和五段If you need medical assistance，tell any park employee.可知与B项的陈述项吻合。

干扰项排除：考生一定要先抓住关键词所在的句子。A项的内容在第六段，在公园内部是可以租赁婴儿车的，C项的内容在第七段，吸烟必须在制定区域，在水上公园是不允许吸烟的。而D项结合第三四段的描述可判断宠物是不可以留在Kidzville里的。

B篇:

【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文，题材是生活中购物买票等的插队问题。作者通过举例、道理分析来解读道德和市场的平衡问题，要想得到快速的服务，就要额外付出更多的费用，由

58.A。细节理解题。难度：中等。题干关键词为“First come, first served”，定位第二、三段。第二段描述的是排队的道德问题，又根据The principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops. Selling my house and waiting for a bus are different activities, properly governed by different standards.（卖房和等公交车是不同的活动，受不同标准的制约。）可知等公交车受到“先到先得”这一标准制约的，而卖房不在此列。

干扰项排除：由上面的分析课排除B项卖房的问题；再根据第一段第一句可知，直接从航空公司和游乐园购买票的专利权可以避免排队等候的问题，可以排除C和D两项。

59.C。细节理解题。难度：中等。题干关键词为illustrates ，定位于第四五段。第四段第一句话Sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should apply.说明了适用规则的不确定性，第五段第一句话But don’t take the recorded message too seriously. 又说不要太把这个事例当回事，也说明了这一点。

干扰项排除：A项排队耐心等待的必要性与这两段的描述内容不符，可排除；B项现代科技的优势不是作者叙述的重点，只是一个举例论证方法；D项电话服务业的公平性也不对，应该说是其时效性和优质的服务性等。

60.B。主旨大意题。难度：中等。题干关键词为is meant to，定位于全篇文章。第二段和第六段的第一句都多次表明了这篇文章的一个核心话题就是分配事务的道德问题的探讨。

解题思路：找出文中多次出现的复现句，反复讨论的话题大多就是文章的主旨。

干扰项排除：A项说快速支付服务的证明，这样的总结过于片面；C项是对第一段内容的据不理解；D项批评插队行为也是过于狭隘，不能从整体上把握全篇的主旨。

C篇:

语篇解读：本篇为科普说明文，讲的鱼龙的身体弯曲的原因和后果。Dr Rothschild通过实

61. A。细节理解题。根据the bends可定位到首段。由The consequence…is sharp pain and a bent body—thus the name.可知答案，a bent body和a twisted body是同义转换。由第二句的“…suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure.”可知这是说the bends的形成原因，故C和D项错，而B项文章没有提及。

62. B。推理判断题。题干中的关键词是Rothschild’s study。由此可定位到第三段的前两句。根据to find out how widespread the problem was in the past和to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression可知答案为B。其它各项与Rothschild’s study没有关系。

63. C。推理判断题。第四段开始说到he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils，接下来又说Instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite。可见，他的实验结果和他开始的预测相反，故C项符合。instead是一个转换话题的标志词，一般为题眼所在。

64. A。推理判断题。由倒数第二段的If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti-decompression means…But that is not what Dr Rothschild thinks happened.可知，Dr Rothschild并不认可鱼龙的抗溶解进化途径。故A项符合。B项文章没有提及；文章只是说they have surfaced to escape a predator，并不是说鱼龙的灭绝是鲨鱼造成的；D项与Dr Rothschild的看法正好相反。

D篇:

语篇解读：本篇为说明文，谈到马克吐温的小说是不是对奴隶制和偏见进行了反抗，以及

65. B。推理判断题。由第二段的Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely可见马克吐温是在小说的表层而且还是完全谈及其它事情中植入了对奴隶制和偏见的攻击。其它早期小说是直接攻击方式（dealt directly with slavery）。因此B项说他的小说对种族主义制度的攻击非常不明显是恰当的。A项文

章没有提及；C项与题干无关，答非所问；D项文章没有提及。

66. D。推理判断题。根据关键词Adventures of Huckleberry Finn定位到第三段。由More recently the book has been attacked because of …many occurrences of the word nigger.可知答案。A项中的target readers错了，文章没有说到；由下一段的But the attacks were and are silly—and miss the point. The novel is strongly anti-slavery.可知B项错；C项中的impolite language范围过广，文章只是说到批评者对nigger一词的出现感到不满。

67. C。细节理解题。由第四段的末句the character of Jim was a first in American fiction—a recognition that the slave had two personalities…可知答案。A项中的in detail文章没有提及；B项中的The sla ve’s voice错了，与文章的the character of Jim不一致；D项文章没有提及。

68. C。推理判断题。根据第五段的内容可知，举马克吐温举这个例子是为了说明前面的Twain’s mystery novel…as a challenge to the racial beliefs，而下一段的The point was difficult to miss: nurture, not nature, was the key to social status是对a challenge to the racial beliefs进一步解释。故只有C项符合。其它各项都是对例子的字面意思的理解。

69. D。词义猜测题。由划线句的前面一句可知：没有理由认为吐温把这些表演当作现实，后句紧接着解释到：吐温对奴隶制和偏见的不断攻击说明了他敏锐的意识——它们不是现实。可见they应该就是指代shows。

70. A。推理判断题。末段首先提出一个疑问，然后通过论据否定了这个观点，最后总结了一下作者的观点：Twain…may have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice …than any other novelist in the past century。可见作者要反驳的是末段首句所表达的疑问，只有A项符合，其他各项只是对具体例子的说明。

任务型阅读：

【语篇解读】任务型读写主要考查考生对文中有效信息进行筛选、整合和综合概括的能力。要求考生在阅读理解的基础上，对阅读信息进行二次加工，归纳要点，、整合零散信息，并以表格的形式把加工后的信息准确、有序地表达出来。本文是一篇说明文。通常来说，尽职尽责是一个很大的优点：工作认真负责，守时自律，帮助别人等等，但同时也有它的缺点，如阻碍创造性，对同事要求过严而影响关系等。

71. 解析：归纳总结题。第一段中讲述的尽职尽责的人的特点：being punctual, careful in doing work, self-disciplined, and scrupulous (一丝不苟的) in attending to responsibilities他们守时，工作中细心，自律，一丝不苟……，这些都说明他们对自己要求很严格。

答案：strict

72. 解析：信息转换题。第一段中的It’s the conscientious worker who “helps” newcomers or updates people….说明，尽职尽责的人对别人是helpful或者good。

答案：helpful/good

73. 解析：归纳总结题。文章的第2,3,4段讲述了尽职尽责好处和重要性。

答案：Functions/Roles/Importance/Significance

74. 解析：由首段的the people who keep things running as they should可知答案。

答案：running/working/going/operating/functioning

75. 解析：直接信息题。从第二段中的In studies of job performance, outstanding effectiveness for almost all jobs…可知答案。

答案：performance(s)

76. 解析：信息转换题。从第三段的Conscientiousness also offers a buffer (缓冲)against the threat of job loss in t oday’s constantly changing market，可知他们不容易失去工作，转化为动词，即可得到答案。

答案：fired/dismissed/jobless

77. 解析：直接信息题。从第五段的第一句话But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems.可知答案。

答案：problems/troubles

78. 解析：直接信息题。从第四段的…giving them higher evaluat ions than objective measures of…可知答案。

答案：higher/subjective/unfair/unjust/prejudiced

79. 解析：归纳总结题。由第五段中的…overly judgmental…，tended to criticize co-workers…可知，他们对同事苛求，可能更容易批评同事，从而造成关系紧张。

答案：tense/damaged/poor/bad

80. 解析：直接信息题。由第六段的it can discourage creativity可知答案。

答案：discourage/affect/damage

书面表达：

Actions Speak Louder than Words

People celebrate Earth Day differently. In Picture 1, a man is trying to put up a banner on a lonely tree surrounded by stumps, but in vain, while Picture 2 shows a couple happily planting trees.

The message conveyed here is clear: “Actions speak louder than words.” Our earth is suffering severe damage. Should we just pay lip service or take practical measures to protect it? The answer is definitely the latter. Immediate actions should be taken, like stopping cutting down trees, to better the environment.

Actions are important in other fields, too. Instead of shouting empty slogans, it is more meaningful to donate books and sports goods to children in need. We should strictly and voluntarily follow traffic rules, stopping at the red light rather than complaining about traffic jams. Only when we match our words with actions can we make a difference in whatever we hope to accomplish.

一、审题：

这是一篇看图写作题，是高考英语写作中对考生来说相对比较难的一题。它主要考查考生综合运用语言的能力，要求考生通过观察和分析单幅或一组画，把图画内容转化成文字信息。但是，它并不是要求考生按照试题里的“提示”进行逐句翻译，而是要求考生在充分领会“提示”的前提下，用自己的语言写成一篇内容充实、语言正确、句子连贯、用词贴切的作文。

二、要点

第一段：描述图画：描述两幅图的内容

第二段：揭示画旨：概述你对两幅图中不同做法的理解

第三段：发表启示：举例说明图画给你的启示

2017年高考英语上海卷【附解析】

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上海高考英语题型+阅读分析

————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：

Section A Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. (A) My Stay in New York After graduation from university, I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town. So I decided to leave home for New York, (25)______I might have a better chance to find a good job. (26) ______ (earn) some money to pay the daily expenses, I started work in a local caféas a waiter. I believed that (27) ______ ______ ______ I was offered a good position, I would resign at once. Over time, the high cost of living became a little burden on my already (28) ______ (exhaust) shoulder. On the other hand, my search for a respectable job had not met with much success. As I had studied literature at university, I found it quite difficult to secure a suitable job in big companies. Mother had just said that (29) ______ I wanted to have a better career advancement, I had to find work in the city. Perhaps (30) ______my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind. I just did as she had expected. Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it. Apparently, I had difficulty (31) ______ (adapt) myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my delight. After nine months of frustration, I eventually decided to go back to my small town. Not until I returned (32) ______I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me. 主旨大意：本文主要讲述主人公毕业后的一段生活经历，主人公觉得在大城市的打拼并不尽如人意，还是小镇生活比较适合自己。 25. where. 本题考察定语从句，先行词为New York。 26. To earn. 本题考察非谓语，考察点是动词不定式表目的，在咖啡馆做侍应生的目的是赚钱。 27. as soon as/ as long as. 本题考察状语从句。考察点是时间状语从句“一旦……”，本题设3个空格，也是一种提示。 28. exhausted. 本题考察非谓语，考察点是分词做形容词使用。句子不缺动词，做给动词只能做非谓语，exhausted主语是人，所以用-ed。 29. if. 本题考察状语从句。考察点是条件状语从句，分析句意可知有“如果”的意思。 30. what. 本题考察主语从句。考察点是what做宾语。 31. adapting. 本题考察非谓语。考察点是非谓语做宾补。固定搭配have difficulty doing sth。 32. did. 本题考察倒装句。Not until放句首，部分倒装“助动词+主语+动词”。

(英语)高考英语易错题专题三一般过去时(含解析)

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