考研英语二(阅读)模拟试卷25

考研英语二（阅读）模拟试卷25

(总分：40.00，做题时间：90分钟)

一、Part B(总题数：4，分数：40.00)

Last month Sheryl Sandberg, chief operating officer at Facebook, published "Lean In", a controversial declaration on why women have not ascended to the most senior positions at companies. She concludes that it is partly women's own fault: they do not "lean in" and ask for promotions, pipe up at meetings and insist on taking a seat at the table. Some of it is down to simple miscommunication. Barbara Annis and John Gray argue in "Work With Me" that men and women are biologically wired to think and react differently to situations, and have "gender blind spots" when it comes to understanding their co-workers' behaviour. Ms Annis, who leads workshops on gender for big companies and governments, and Mr Gray, author of "Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus", a bestselling book in 1992 about relationship problems, have collaborated to produce an

easy-to-read guide to workplace communications. Women ask more questions, gather more people's opinions and seek collaboration with co-workers more frequently than men. Men view these preferences as signs of weakness, and women, in turn, grow annoyed by how competitively men work, and how quickly and subjectively they arrive at conclusions. If both female and male employees became more "gender intelligent" about how their work and behavioural preferences are hard-wired, it would contribute to a more harmonious workforce. Women have been choosing to leave companies at twice the rate of men, and more than half the women whom the authors met in workshops were considering leaving their firms. Women often tell their bosses that they are quitting for personal reasons, but the majority actually leave because they feel excluded from teams and not valued for their contributions. Communication and gender equality are not just problems at large firms. In "A Rising Tide" Susan Coleman and Alicia Robb look beyond women's experience at big companies. They focus instead on women entrepreneurs, who have the potential to become leaders in their field, earn a high income and hire more women. In a positive shift, women have been starting more firms in the past decade. However, these tend to be in the service and retail industries (as opposed to fast-growth industries like technology). They also remain smaller than men's firms. Ms Coleman and Ms Robb point out that part of this may be by design; women sometimes want to keep their businesses small in order to balance their family responsibilities. However, women also often lack the financing that male entrepreneurs enjoy. They have fewer savings, so usually launch their businesses with less capital than men, and are less likely to apply for a loan for fear of being denied. How has the success of high-achievers differentiated them from other women? In "The XX Factor", Alison Wolf, the director of public policy and management at Kings College London, argues that there are now around 70 million highly educated, high-earning women around the world. They have more in common with elite men than with other women. These elite women tend to marry more often and have fewer children than less-educated women. They spend more time working, and, unexpectedly, more time parenting. Ms Sandberg also makes this point. As the demands on women in the workplace have increased, so too have the standards for being a good, involved mother—which

（分数：10.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：F）

解析：解析：全文的第一句话就提到了“Lean In”一书的内容。该句提到，该书就女性为什么不能被提升至公司最高职位提出了具有争议性的结论。下一句则讲述具体原因所在。故F项“分析女性为什么不能晋升到企业的最高层”为正确答案。

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：B）

解析：解析：第二段第二句开始介绍“Work With Me”一书。第二句指出该书提到男女之间在了解同事的行为时会有“理解盲点”。第三句则介绍该书的两位作者合作写出解决工作沟通问题的指南，这也正是该书的内容。B项所述与此对应，故为答案。

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：E）

解析：解析：第二段第三句在谈到Mr Gray时用插入语对他进行了说明。Mr Gray是1992年的畅销书《男人来自火星，女人来自金星》的作者，而该书探讨的是男女关系问题。E项中的gender relationship problems与此对应，故为答案。

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：G）

解析：解析：第四段介绍该书的内容。第三句说明该书关注的是women entrepreneurs“女企业主”。该段最后一句中的They指代这些女性创立的企业，指出她们的企业往往会比男性企业规模小。G项中的businesswomen与women entrepreneurs对应，keep their firms smaller则与最后一句对应，故G为答案。

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：D）

解析：解析：结合第二、第三句的内容可知，“The XX Factor”一书指出现在有7000万女性精英，她们和男性精英有更多的共同点，D项所述与此一致，故为答案。

If you think Japan's hard-drinking business culture is as dead as the Sony Betamax, think again. After more than a decade of economy during Japan's lengthy economic recession, many Japanese companies are thriving today—and they're reviving some of the business customs that were hallmarks of Japan Inc. during the booming 1980s. Not only are company-sponsored drinking marathons back, so too are subsidized dorms for single employees as well as corporate outings such as hot-spring retreats and annual visits to the company founder's ancestral grave. "We realized that workplace communication was becoming nonexistent," explains human-resources manager Shinji Matsuyama, whose company, Alps Electric, spent several million dollars last year to bring together about 3,000 workers for its first company-wide undokai, or mini-Olympics, in 14 years. According to Matsuyama, the shared experience of playing dodge ball and skipping rope "helped unite people under a common goal." It's that sense of team spirit and togetherness that many Japanese corporations are trying to revive. A generation ago, college graduates entered companies together, lived together, drank together, quite often married each other, and retired together. This close-knit corporate culture all ended when the country went into economic recession in the 1990s. Threatened by cheap labor and more efficient business models, Japanese companies began adopting American management concepts such as merit-based pay and competition among employees. "The Japanese equated globalism with not just the American way of business, but with rejecting their past," says Jun Ishida, CEO of Tokyo-based business consultancy Will PM. "No more drinking sessions, no more company events. Suddenly it was about the individual out for himself and only himself." But as the economy became better in the past several years, many executives began to wonder if they had gone too far. Trying to rebuild company loyalty and decrease turnover, major companies including Canon, Kintetsu and Fujitsu have in recent years altered or scrapped their performance-based pay and restored seniority as a determinant of salaries. Meanwhile, trading house Mitsui last year reopened five dorms for single employees—a program that costs the company nearly $1 million a year. Employees have responded enthusiastically. Despite the crowded space and shared bathrooms, 24-year-old Miki Masegi moved from her parents' house in central Tokyo to live with 105 female co-workers. Though her commuting time doubled, she says the move was worth it. "It really helps to have people around that you can talk to about your problems," Masegi says. Companies are trying to foster friendship and loyalty in other ways as well. Every new employee of Tokyo PR firm Bilcom, for example, must spend a weekend making a three-minute digital slide show sharing their most moving personal experiences. Company president Shigeru Ota says the presentations are designed to "create a new type of family company by sharing life history... delight, anger, sorrow and pleasure." Despite such experiments, Japanese companies may find it hard to restore the glory days of Japan Inc. That's because today,

one in three Japanese works part-time; younger employees in particular tend to value mobility over the security of lifetime employment. Indeed, during Noboru Koyama's Saturday-night drinking session, employee Eri Shimoda acknowledges that his co-workers "feel like family." Yet most of those who attended the party also say that, warm sentiment aside, they plan to leave the cleaning

（分数：10.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：C）

解析：解析：Alps Electric出现在第一段后半部分。该部分提到该公司花费了几百万美元来举办undokai“运动会”或mini-Olympics“小型的奥运会”，并引用该公司人力资源经理的话，表示这样“有助于团结员工”。C中的corporate sports meeting与undokai和mini-Olympics对应，unite its staff 与helped unite people对应，故C为答案。

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：D）

解析：解析：第三段第二句提到一些主流公司为了重建忠诚度及降低员工流动率(decrease turnover)，改变原来以工作表现来决定工资的制度(performance-based pay)。D项中的keep down the turnover rate 与前者对应，merit-pay system与后者对应，故确定D为答案。

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：E）

解析：解析：该句提到了Mitsui重开了五幢宿舍，该项目每年约花费100万美元。E项复现了原文信息，为本题答案。

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：A）

解析：解析：该句举例说Bilcom公司要求每个新员工做一个3分钟的幻灯片演讲。A项中的most impressive personal experiences与文中的most moving personal experiences对应，presentation与digital slide show对应，故确定A为答案。

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：G）

解析：解析：最后一段一开始提到日本企业或许会发现很难重塑以前的辉煌，结合上文内容，此处可理解为保留员工的忠诚度；该段第三句则举出Noboru Koyama公司的例子说明这一点，虽然员工对公司举行的酒会很满意，但仍有不少员工选择离开。故G项“很难保持员工的忠诚度”属于Noboru Koyama公司的状况，为本题答案。

A. Make arrangement before you pursue

B. Watch your body language at a job interview

C. Put your interviewer at ease

D. Don't be careless—watch the small stuff

E. Prove you are the one the employers are looking for

F. Do volunteer job to keep practicing your skill

G. Never leave a gap between jobs in your resume While searching for jobs, one of the best things you can do is to examine your job search with a critical eye: Is your resume really a good advertisement for your skills? Does your nail-biting habit turn off prospective employers? Do you tend to make your interviewers a little nervous? Some of the most important elements of a successful job search are details. Here are some tips to follow and details to consider. 1 Developing and following a plan at the beginning of a job search has a significant impact on its success. Setting "process goals" to keep you on track toward your larger career goals. Process goals aren't big-picture objectives. They're "roll up your sleeves and make it happen" objectives. Maybe you set a goal of making 10 phone calls a day or writing for two hours each day. 2 Many job seekers may have gaping holes in their resumes through no fault of their own—they wanted work but just couldn't find it. One possible solution: volunteering part time. Volunteering tells potential employers that you are an energetic, compassionate person who, even when faced with problems of your own, never missed any opportunities. Volunteering also says that you didn't let your skills go to waste.

3 Employers are looking for the candidate with the best knowledge and experience, but rarely do they hire for work skills at the expense of social skills. If you lack self-awareness, it shows. And it doesn't look good. Even in the critical small talk before the interview, make eye contact when you're speaking, smile when it's appropriate, and look alert. Most of all, don't kick the desk, check your cell phone, play with your pen, stare off into space, or bite your nails.

4 Most job seekers are prepared to follow the tone set by their interviewer. But that may not be your

best plan. In fact, a great many interviewers hate interviewing. They know they're not good at it, and they are dealing with strangers and asking questions to fill a job with which they are unfamiliar. A job seeker can gain an edge by staying friendly, listening carefully, using body language to indicate amiability, and stressing that he or she gets along with colleagues. 5 The small stuff is not always a deal-breaker in other areas of life, but it often is when it comes to hiring. When you're on a job search, a small blunder can take on far greater importance than it would in most contexts. Here's what can happen in a hiring manager's head when a job candidate makes a noticeable mistake: "She told me she would send me this writing sample Monday, but then she sent it on Tuesday without acknowledging the delay. This might be out of character for her, everyone screws up occasionally. But if I ignore this possible red flag and hire her, and then she turns out to be scattered and bad with deadlines, I'm going to be kicking myself for not having paid attention to this sign now."

（分数：10.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：A）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：G）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：B）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：C）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：D）

解析：解析：本段举例说明求职过程中细节的重要性，抓住关键信息the small stuff和a small blunder 可知D项“杜绝粗心，关注细节”最符合文意。

The average price of all goods and services has risen about 50 percent. But the price of a college education has nearly doubled in that time. Is the education that today's students are getting twice as good? Are new workers twice as smart? Have they become somehow massively more expensive to educate? Perhaps a bit. Richard Vedder, an Ohio University economics professor, says, "I look at the data, and I see college costs rising faster than inflation up to the mid-1980s by 1 percent a year. Now I see them rising 3 to 4 percent a year over inflation. What has happened? The federal government has started dropping money out of airplanes." Aid has increased, subsidized loans have become available, and "the universities have gotten the money. It's a giant waste of resources that will continue as long as the subsidies continue." James Heckman, the Nobel Prize-winning economist, has examined how the returns on education break down for individuals with different backgrounds and levels of ability. "Even with these high prices, you're still finding a high return for individuals who are bright and motivated," he says. On the other hand, "if you're not college ready, then the answer is no, it's not worth it," says economic expert Dr. Kamin who tends to agree that for the average student, college is still worth it today, but he also agrees that the rapid increase in price is eating up more and more of the potential return. For borderline students, tuition rise can push those returns into negative territory. Educator Elise Boulding seems to agree that the government, and parents, should be rethinking how we invest in higher education—and that employers need to rethink the increasing use of college degrees as crude screening tools for jobs that don't really require college skills. "Employers seeing a surplus of college graduates and looking to fill jobs are just adding that requirement," says Vedder. "In fact, a college degree becomes a job requirement for becoming a bar-tender." We have started to see some change on the finance side. A law passed in 2007 allows many students to cap their loan payment at 10 percent of their income and forgives any balance after 25 years. But of course, that doesn't control the cost of education; it just shifts it to taxpayers. It also encourages graduates to choose lower-paying careers, which reduces the financial return to education still further. "You're subsidizing people to become priests and poets and so forth," says Heckman. "You may think that's a good thing, or you may not." Either way it will be expensive for the government. What might be a lot cheaper is putting more kids to work. Economist Bryan Caplan notes that work also builds valuable skills—probably more valuable for kids who don't naturally love sitting in a classroom.

Heckman agrees wholeheartedly: "People are different, and those abilities can be shaped. That's what we've learned, and public policy should recognize that." Heckman would like to see more apprenticeship-style programs, where kids can learn in the workplace—learn not just specific job skills, but the kind of "soft skills," like getting to work on time and getting along with a team, that are crucial for career success. "It's about having tutors and having workplace-based

（分数：10.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：F）

解析：解析：第二段表达了Richard Vedder对高等教育的看法。最后两句提到，现在政府正大力资助高等教育，但Vedder认为只要这种资助继续(subsidies continue)，就将会是一种巨大的浪费(a giant waste of resources)。F项“政府应该停止大力资助高等教育”正是原文内容的合理推断，故F为答案。

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：A）

解析：解析：文中多次提到了Heckman，对于此类题，考生可结合各选项的关键信息，对比原文各处Heckman 的观点，从而得出答案。原文第七段首句提到，Heckman希望有更学徒式的课程，让孩子可以不仅学习到工作技能，也能学到一些“软技能”。A项提到了相关内容，结合文意可知，soft skills指一些社交合作技能，与A中的social skills是对应的，故确定A为答案。

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：C）

解析：解析：第三段讲述了读大学是否值得的问题。第三句讲述了Dr．Kamin的观点，他认为，如果学生未为上大学做好准备，答案是否定的。这与C项所述一致，故C为本题答案。

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：B）

解析：解析：第四段首句提出了Elise Boulding的意见，她赞同政府、家长及学生应该重新思考如何向高等教育投资。B项中的所述与文中的rethinking how we invest in higher education同义，故确定B为本题答案。

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：E）

解析：解析：第六段的首句是该段主题句，该句提到可以让更多的孩子参加工作。Bryan Caplan的话则提到，对于天生不喜欢待在教室的孩子来说，工作技能更宝贵。E中的don’t love school与文中的don’t naturally love sitting in a classroom对应，该项所述为原文的合理推断，故确定答案为E。

考研英语二模拟试题及答案解析(7)

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2018考研英语二模拟试卷2及答案

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