局解试题英文
局解试题英文
文件排版存档编号：[UYTR-OUPT28-KBNTL98-UYNN208]
Pelvic and perineum
Single-choice questions
1.The bony pelvis (A)
A.is formed by the two hip bones, sacrum, coccyx and their
joints.
B.can be divided into abdominal and pelvic part by the terminal
line.
C.is enclosed at the inferior pelvic aperture by perineum.
D.is wider, shorter and more funnel-shaped in female than in
male.
E.pelvic outlet is formed by the terminal line.
2.The levator ani does not include (A)
A.coccygeus.
B.levator prostate.
C.puborectalis.
D.pubococcygeus.
E.iliococcygeus.
3.The pelvic diaphragm (E)
A.encloses the whole inferior aperture of the pelvis.
B.is located in the anal triangle.
C.consists of levator ani, sphincter ani externus, superior and
inferior fascia of pelvic diaphragm.
D.has a hiatus of pelvic diaphragm for digestive and urogenital
canal.
E.can support the pelvic viscera.
4.The perineum (B)
A.is all of the soft tissue enclosing pelvic inlet.
B.can be divided into urogenital and anal region.
C.ends anteriorly at the external reproductive organs
D.ends posteriorly at the anus.
E.is a triangle-shaped region.
5.The hiatus of the pelvic diaphragm(A)
A.is a cleft between the anteromedial margin of pelvic diaphragm.
B.is filled with the urogenital diaphragm.
C.is enclosed by superior and inferior fascia of urogenital
diaphragm.
D.is the main channel connecting the pelvic spaces and perineal
space.
E.is penetrated by the membranous part of the urethra in male.
6.The retropubic space (B)
A.is located between the urinary bladder and rectum or uterus.
B.is usually used for extra-peritoneal operation of urinarry
bladder.
C.is rich in venous plexus and unsuitable for organ separation.
D.is suitable for exudation absorption.
E.doesn’t communicating with other pelvic spac es
7.The retrorectal space (E)
A.surround the inferior part of the ampulla of rectum.
B.is the space between the sacrum and presacral fascia.
C.is rich in venous plexus and unsuitable for rectus separation.
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6416738817.html,municates downwards with the ischioanal fossa.
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6416738817.html,municates upwards with the retroperitoneal space .
8.Which one is right about the rectum (D)
A.It continues upwards with the sigmoid colon at the level of
pelvic inlet.
B.It continues downwards with the anal canal at the level of
dentate line.
C.The upper part is not covered by peritoneum.
D.It has sacral and perineal flexures in the sagittal plane.
E.It is a intraperitoneal viscera.
9.Concerning Hilton’s line,the the wrong description is (E)
A.lies at the interval between the sphincter ani internus and
externus.
B.is about 1cm below the dentate line.
C.is also called white line.
D.is continuous upwards with the anal pecten.
E.can not be felt in digital examination of the anal canal.
10.Which one is wrong about the relations of the rectum (B)
A.The sacral plexus is behind it.
B.It is separated from the prostate by rectovesical pouche in
male.
C.It is separated from the seminal vesicle by rectovesical
pouche in male.
D.It is separated from uterus by rectouterine pouch in female.
E.It is separated from the vagina by rectouterine pouch and
fascial septum in female.
11.Through the anterior wall of the rectum , we can not palpate(E)
A.prostate.
B.seminal vesicle.
C.ampulla ductus deferentis.
D.neck of uterus.
E.urethra.
12.The urinary bladder (E)
A.may raised into the peritoneal cavity when it is filled with
urine.
B.contacts with prostate posteriorly (male).
C.contacts with posterior part of fornix of vagina (female).
D.contacts with the urogenital diaphragm at the apex.
E.is entirely within the lesser pelvis when it is empty
13.T he mark to find the uriteric orifice in urinary bladder is (C)
A.trigone of bladder.
B.internal urethral orifice.
C.interureteric fold.
D.urethral ridge.
E.vesical uvula.
14.The pelvic part of ureter (D)
A.descends immediately behind the internal iliac artery.
B.crosses lateral to the external vessels, umbilical artery,
obturator nerve and vessels.
C.crosses posteriorly over the ductus deferens (male).
D.passes lateral to the fornex of the vagina and is crossed by
uterine artery.
E.ends on the inferior of the urinary bladder as the internal
urethral orifice.
15.The prostate (A)
A.is located between the apex of bladder and urogenital
diaphragm.
B.is placed in front of the uterus.
C.has venous plexus between the prostatic capsule and sheath.
D.can not be touched during check-up.
E.is pierced by the ductus deferens.
16.Which one is wrong about the prostate(C)
A.It is a chestnut-shaped organ.
B.It may be divided into anterior, middle, posterior and two
lateral lobes.
C.The urethra passes through the middle lobe of the gland.
D.There is prostatic sulcus along the middle line on the
posterior surface.
E.The ejaculatory duct penetrates the base and opens on seminal
colliculus.
17.Which one is wrong about the uterus (D)
A.It can be divided into three parts-fundus, body and neck.
B.The isthmus is a slight constriction at the junction between
the neck and body.
C.The lower part of the neck can insert into the vagina.
D.The cavity in the uterus is called cavity of uterus.
E.The body is bent forward at the junction with the neck
(anteflection).
18.Which one is wrong about the uterine artery (E)
A.It arises from the internal iliac artery.
B.It descends in front of the ureter to the base of broad
ligament.
C.It crosses above the ureter just lateral to the neck of the
uterus.
D.It sends branches to vagina, uterine tube and ovary.
E.It should be protected during hysterectomy (子宫切除术).
19.The ligaments that protect the uterus from prolapse is（下垂）
（D）
A.broad ligament of uterus.
B.suspensory ligament of ovary.
C.round ligament of uterus.
D.cardinal ligament of uterus.
E.uterosacral ligament.
20.Which one is wrong about the position of the uterus （D）
A.Its inferior end is above the ischial spine.
B.The urinary bladder is in front of it.
C.The uterine tube, ovaries, broad ligament are on both sides of
it.
D.The rectum is behind it.
E.Its lower part penetrates the urogenital diaphragm.
21.The ovary （E）
A.is situated in the ovary fossa between the common and internal
artery.
B.is a retroperitoneal viscera.
C.is connected to the uterus by proper ligament of ovary at its
superior extremity.
D.is attached to the front of the broad ligament of uterus by
mesoovarium.
E.is suspended to the pelvic wall by suspensory ligament of
ovary.
22.Fertilization（受精） usually occures in （D）
A.cavity of uterus.
B.uterine part of uterine tube..
C.isthmus of uterine tube.
D.ampulla of uterine tube.
E.infundibulum of uterine tube.
23.Which one is wrong about the uterine tube （D）
A.It is situated on the upper margins of the broad ligament of
uterus.
B.Its medial end opens into the cavity of uterus by uterine
orifice.
C.Its lateral end open into peritoneal cavity by abdominal
orifice.
D.It can be divided into three part: isthmus, ampulla, and
infundibulum.
E.It is usually distinguished from the small intestine by
fimbriae.
24.Which one is wrong about the vagina （B）
A.The upper end surrounds the lower part of neck of uterus.
B.The anterior wall is longer than the posterior one.
C.The posterior fornix of vagina is near the rectouterine pouch.
D.The anterior wall contacts with urinary bladder and urethra.
E.The posterior wall contacts with the anterior wall of rectum.
25.Anal canal （A）
A.continues with the rectum at the level of pelvic diaphragm.
B.terminates at the dentate line.
C.is about 7~8 cm in length.
D.has two flexures in sagittal plane.
E.has a dilated upper part called ampulla of rectum.
26.Below the dentate line （E）
A.The epidermis is skin.
B.The epidermis is innervated by somatic nerve.
C.The lymph is drained into the superficial inguinal lymph node.
D.The blood is drained into the internal iliac vein.
E.All of the above are is right.
27.The ischioanal fossa （D）
A.is located between the rectum and ischium.
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6416738817.html,municates anteriorly with the superficial perineal space.
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6416738817.html,municates posteriorly with the gluteal region through
greater sciatic foramen.
D.has pudendal canal on its lateral wall.
E.is traversed by the obturator nerve.
28.The pudendal canal （E）
A.runs in the center of the ischioanal fossa.
B.is a cleft formed by superior fascia of pelvic diaphragm.
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6416738817.html,municates with the obturator canal.
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6416738817.html,municates with the greater sciatic foramen.
E.contains the pudendal nerve and internal pudendal vessels.
29.Superficial fascia of perineum (C)
A.can be divided into two layers.
B.extends backwards with the superficial fascia in anal region.
C.continues with Scarpa’s fascia.
D.is not joined with the deep fascia of perineum.
E.is separated from the inferior fascia of pelvic diaphragm with
superficial perineal space.
30.Which one is wrong about the deep fascia of perineum (E)
A.It can be divided into two layers.
B.It attaches laterally to the pubic arches.
C.It attaches posteriorly to the line between the ischial
tuberosities.
D.It encloses the deep perineal space.
E.It is also called Colles’ fascia.
31.The superficial perineal space does not contain (E)
A.suferficial transverse muscle of peritoneum.
B.crura of penis.
C.ischiocavernosus or bulbocavernous.
D.bulb of urethra (male).
E.bulbourethral gland.
32.The deep perineal space does not contain (E)
A.membranous part of urethra.
B.sphincter of urethra.
C.bulbourethral gland.
D.deep transverse muscle of perineum.
E.bulb of vestibule
33.Which space is enclosed (B)
A.superficial perineal space
B.deep perineal space
C.retropubic space
D.retrorectal space
E.ischioanal fossa
34.The internal spermatic fascia is continuous with(E)
A.scarpa’s fascia.
B.aponeurosis of obliquus externus abdominis.
C.aponeurosis of obliquus internus abdominis.
D.aponeurosis of transversus abdominis.
E.transverse fascia.
35.Which muscle does not insert to the perineal central tendon(C)
A.superficial transverse muscle of perineum.
B.deep transverse muscle of perineum.
C.ischiocavernousus.
D.bulbocavernousus.
E.urethrovaginal sphincter
36.Which one is wrong about the perineum in female in narrow
sense.(D)
A.It is located between the external reproductive organs and the
anus.
B.It contains the perineal central tendon.
C.It is easier tore up during childbirth.
D.It is poor developed in female.
E.It is also called obstetrical perineum.
37.Which one is not the important surface landmark (E)
A.pubic crest.
B.pubic arch.
C.ischial tuberosity.
D.apex of coccyx.
E.promontory of the sacrum.
38.Which is wrong about the internal iliac artery (D)
A.It arises from the common artery.
B.It is a short trunk descending into the lesser pelvis.
C.The ureter runs anterior to it.
D.Send out the inferior epigastric a.
E.The internal iliac vein accompanies the artery on its medial
side.
39.The internal iliac artery doesn’t send(D)
A.superior gluteal artery.
B.obturator artery.
C.internal pudendal artery.
D.superior rectal artery.
E.inferior vesical artery.
40.Which is wrong about the nervous plexus in the pelvis (C)
A.The sacral plexus lies in front of the piriformis.
B.The sacral sympathetic trunk runs medial to the anterior
sacral foramen.
C.The sacral plexus belong to the syspathetic n.
D.The pelvic plexus is also called inferior hypogastric plexus.
E.The branches distribute to the pelvic organs.
41.Which is wrong concerning the Superficial fascia of perineum.(B)
A.Is called Colles’ fascia also
B.Continues with Camper’s fascia.
C.Continues with Dartos coat.
D.Continues with Superficial fascia of the penis.
E.Scarpa’s fascia.
42.During a straddle (骑跨) injury, the urine can not spread into
（E）
A.penis.
B.scrotum.
C.superficial perineal space.
D.anterior wall of abdomen.
E.retropubic space.
43.Which part of the ductus deferens can be easy palpated under
the skin (B)
A.testicular part.
B.funicular part.
C.inguinal part.
D.pelvic part.
E.ampulla ductus deferentis
44.The second stricture of male urethra is at (D)
A.internal orifice urethra.
B.prostatic part.
C.cavernous part.
D.membranous part.
E.external orifice urethra.
45.In male, the anterior urethra refers to(C)
A.prostatic part.
B.membranous part.
C.cavernous part.
D.bulbous part.
E.bulbous part and Membranous part.
46.The epididymis(B)
A.attaches to the anterior surface of the testes.
B.is the storehouse for sperm.
C.can be divided into head, neck, body and tail.
D.secrets male hormone.
E.consists of rete testis.
47.The penis can be divided into(B)
A.head, body and tail.
B.head, body and root.
C.head, neck and body.
D.head, neck and crus.
E.head, neck and crus.
48.The internal reproductive organ is (E)
A.mons pubis.
B.lesser lips of pudendum.
C.bulb of vestibule
D.clitoris.
E.great vestibular gland.
49.The deep perineal space does not contain (D)
A.Deep transverse perineal m.
B.Sphincter urethrae
C.Bulbo-urethral gland.
D.perineal nerve.
E.Artery of penis
50.The internal pudendal artery(D)
A.Arises from the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery.
B.Passes through the lesser sciatic foramen to enter the gluteal
region.
C.Runs along the lateral surface of the obturator internus.
D.Supplies the perineum.
E.Runs below the pudendal nerve in the pudendal canal.
Multi-choice questions
51.The parietal pelvic fascia on the surface of the obturator
internus forms (BCD)
A.obtrurator membrane.
B.obturator fascia.
C.obturator canal.
D.tendinous arch of levator ani.
E.pudendal canal.
52.The visceral pelvic fascia forms (BC)
A.pudendal canal.
B.prostatic sheath.
C.cardinal ligament of uterus.
D.superior fascia of pelvic diaphragm.
E.retrorectal space.
53.Pelvic fascial spaces include(CD)
A.deep perineal space.
B.superficial perineal space
C.retropubic space.
D.retrorectal space..
E.ischioanal fossa.
54.The splanchnic nerve in the pelvis are (ACD)
A.sacral sympathetic trunk.
B.superior hypogastric plexus.
C.pelvic plexus.
D.pelvic splanchnic nerves.
E.sacral plexus.
55.Peritoneum in pelvis forms (BDE)
A.the uterosacral ligament.
B.the rectouterine pouch.
C.the round ligament of uterus.
D.the mesovarium.
E.the vesicouterine pouch.
56.During the digital examination, we can feel (BCDE)
A.ovary.
B.prostate.
C.seminal vesicle.
D.uterus.
E.ampulla of ductus deferens.
57.The muscle referring to the anorectal ring are (ACDE)
A.sphincter ani internus.
B.subcutaneous part of sphincter ani externus.
C.superficial part of sphincter ani externus.
D.deep part of sphincter ani externus.
E.puborectalis.
58.Superficial fascia of perineum(ACE)
A.is also called Colles’ fascia.
B.Is continuous with Camper’s fascia
C.Is continuous with dartos coat.
D.Is continuous with albuginea of the penis.
E.Is continuous with Scarpa’s fascia.
59.The pedendal nerve innervates (ABCE)
A.superficial transverse muscles of perineum.
B.deep transverse muscles of perineum.
C.sphincter ani externus
D.sphincter ani internus.
E.levator ani.
60.Structures passing through the superficial and deep perineal space
are(BC)
A.anal canal
B.vagina.
C.urethra.
D.Obturator artery.
E.Inferior gluteal nerve.
61.Muscles insert at the perineal central tendon are (ABCDE)
A.sphincter ani externus.
B.superficial transverse muscles of perineum.
C.deep transverse muscles of perineum.
D.levator ani.
E.sphincter of urethra.
62.On the lateral wall of the ischoanal fossa, there are (ABDE)
A.pudendal canal.
B.obturator internus.
C.sacrotuberous ligament.
D.ischial spine
E.ischial tuberosity.
63.The superficial perineal space in female contains (ABCDE)
A.crus of clitoris.
B.bulb of vestibule.
C.great vestibular gland.
D.superficial transverse muscle of perineum
E.ischiocaverbousus.
64.The urogenital diaphragm is composed of (BCDE)
A.superficial transverse muscle of perineum.
B.deep transverse muscle of perineum.
C.sphincter of urethra.
D.superior fascia of urogenital diaphragm.
E.inferior fascia of urogenital diaphragm.
65.Rectovesical or rectovaginal septum (ABCD)
A.is between the rectum and urinary bladder or vagina.
B.is in coronary plane.
C.contacts upwards to peritoneum.
D.ends downwards at the pelvic diaphragm.
E.contains prostate in male.
66.The rectal cancer can metastasize to (BDE)
A.superior mesenteric lymph node.
B.inferior mesenteric lymph node.
C.superficial inguinal lymph node.
D.internal iliac lymph node.
E.sacral lymph node.
67.Behind the urinary bladder, there are(BCD)
A.ovary.
B.rectum(male).
C.neck of uterus.
D.anterior wall of vagina.
E.prostate.
68.The blood supplying the rectum comes from(CD)
A.superior mesenteric artery.
B.femoral artery.
C.superior rectal artery.
D.inferior rectal artery.
E.anal artery.
69.The spermatic cord consists of (BDE)
A.Ejaculatory duct.
B.ductus deferens.
C.Seminal vesicle.
D.pampiniform plexus
E.testicular artery.
70.The pudendal nerve(ACDE)
A.arises from the sacral plexus.
B.leaves the pelvis through the lesser sciatic foramen.
C.enters the pudendal canal through the lesser foramen.
D.pass through the pudendal canal.
E.gives off dorsal nerve of penis(clitoris)
ANSWER QUESTIONS
1. Write out the parietal and visceral branches of the internal iliac artery.
2. Write out the position, shape and relation of the uterus.
3. Write out the position and formation of the pelvic diaphragm, and the structures pierceing it.
4. Write out the position, contents of the deep perineal space.
5. Write out the internal reproductive organs in male.
6. Briefly describe the composition of spermatic cord ,.
7. Briefly describe the location and function of epididymis.
5. Briefly describe the location and lig. of ovary.
6. Briefly describe the location, shapes or potions uterine tubes.
7. Briefly describe the location, posture, shapes, portions, and
cavity of the uterus.
8. Briefly describe the supporting structures or lig. for the uterus.
9. Briefly describe the features of the male and female urethrae.
10. Briefly describe the beginning and ending of common iliac a. and v.
11. Briefly describe the beginning and ending of external and
internal iliac a. and v.
12. Briefly describe the relations of uterine a. and ureter.
13. Briefly describe the location and contents of superficial
perineal space.
14. Briefly describe the location and contents of deep perineal space.
15. Briefly describe the location and contents of ischiorectal fossa.
16. Briefly describe the formations of pelivic diaphragm urogenital diaphragm.
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Ｅ、与小隐静脉间无交通支 5．小隐静脉： Ａ、经外踝前方向上与腓浅神经伴行 Ｂ、经外踝后方向上与腓肠神经伴行 Ｃ、在腘窝中点穿深筋膜注入腘静脉 Ｄ、在腘窝与腓总神经伴行 Ｅ、全长与腓肠内侧皮神经伴行6．隐神经： Ａ、是腰丛的分支 Ｂ、在收肌管内，行于股血管前方 Ｃ、在股部与大隐静脉伴行 Ｄ、经腘窝至小腿 Ｅ、与小隐静脉伴行 7．股鞘： Ａ、腹外斜肌腱膜延续为前壁 Ｂ、阔筋膜构成后壁 Ｃ、长约1.5厘米 Ｄ、下端延续为股血管鞘 Ｅ、上口称股环 8．股鞘内容从外侧向内侧顺序为：Ａ、股动脉、股静脉、股管 Ｂ、股动脉、股静脉、股神经 Ｃ、股静脉、股动脉、股神经 Ｄ、股神经、股动脉、股静脉 Ｅ、股神经、股静脉、股动脉9．通过肌腔隙的结构是： Ａ、股动脉与股静脉 Ｂ、隐神经与大隐静脉 Ｃ、股神经与髂腰肌 Ｄ、股鞘与股管 Ｅ、股深淋巴结 10．血管腔隙： Ａ、前界为腹股沟韧带 Ｂ、后界为髂耻韧带 Ｃ、内侧界为耻骨梳韧带 Ｄ、外侧界为髂腰肌 Ｅ、腔隙内有腹股沟深淋巴结11．出梨状肌下孔，入坐骨小孔的是：Ａ、臀下血管神经
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臂下方从___________________和__________________深面穿至手背。 3. 坐骨神经的体表投影是__________________________________________________、______________________________________、__________________________________此三点连线即为坐骨神经在臀区和股后区行程的投影。 4. 阔筋膜在股外侧的纵行纤维显著增厚，称为____________；在耻骨结节外下方形成的卵圆形缺损称为_________，该处筋膜稀疏多孔称_________。 5. 在肋间隙前份穿刺时，进针部位应在______________刺入；而在肋间隙中份穿刺时，应在______________稍上方进针。 6. 在胸膜腔的描述中有三个部位超出骨性胸廓的范围，它们是____________________、__________________________、_________________________。 7. 作麦氏切口所经过的层次有_________、____________、_________、____________、___________、__________、____________、_________、____________，向外过分分离，有伤及________________的可能。 8. 下列结构位于何种腹膜形成物中： 脐正中襞____________；胃左动脉升段______________；胃后动脉__________； 阑尾动脉____________；肠系膜上动脉__________；胃网膜右动脉__________； 肝固有动脉__________；肠系膜下静脉__________；迷走神经肝支__________； 三. 是非题(判断正误并改错，每题1分，共10分) 1.（）整个腹前外侧壁的浅筋膜可分为两层，即Camper筋膜和Scarpa筋膜。 2.（）胆囊底的体表投影位于右锁骨中线与第7肋交界处。 3.（）颈阔肌由颈横神经支配。 4.（）颈动脉鞘为颈深筋膜深层向两侧扩展包裹颈总动脉（或颈内动脉）、颈内静脉与迷走神经形成的筋膜鞘。 5.（）鼻咽癌常转移侵犯Virchow淋巴结。 6．（）前臂屈肌后间隙位于指浅屈肌、拇长屈肌腱与旋前方肌之间。
面试题英文版
Purpose? 1.What do you know about our company? 2.How did you learn about this opening? 3.What interests you about our company? 4.What will our company benefit from hiring you? Why this company should hire you. 5.How long will you stay with the company? 6.What do you picture yourself doing (five/ten) years from now? Past? 7.What was your major in college? Why? 8.How have your education and training prepared you for the job? 9.How did you do in school? 10.What are your leisure-time activities? 11.Do you get along with your coworkers? 12.How would a friend describe you? Pressure? 13.How important is job security to you? 14.Do you get bored doing the same work over and over again? 15.Do you work well under pressure? 16.What do you do when you have trouble solving a problem? 17.Are you able to work alone without direct supervision? 18.Do you think your lack of ____________ (a degree/experience) will affect your ability to perform the job? Purpose? 1. What do you know about our company? Do your job-search research, and single out two or three positive facts about the company, like growth in recent years, increasing market share, and innovative breakthroughs. 2. How did you learn about this opening? I responded to your ad on ____, but for some time prior to that I had been investigating this company as a potential employer. I was intrigued by your __________，_______and your ___________, and I 'm determined that I really had something to offer here.
山东大学医学院局解试题
山东大学医学院 （2006——2007学年第二学期，） 2005级临床医学和影像学六年制专业局部解剖学试题（A卷） Ⅰ. Choice questions (there are 50 questions, 1 point for each question) (Ⅰ). Single choice questions (there are 40 questions, and 5 choices on each question, only one is correct, please circle the correct answer on the answer sheet) 1. Thoracic vertebrae： A. have transverse foramen B. have costal fovea on the vertebral body laterally C. the articular facets are relatively sagittal D. the end of the spinous process bifurcated E. the vertebral foramen is larger and triangular 2. Inferior angle of scapula marks the level of A. the 2th rib B. the 6th rib C. the 7th rib D. the spine of the 7th thoracic vertebra E. the spine of the 10th thoracic vertebra 3. Which ligament associate with the lamina of vertebral arch adjacently? A. anterior longitudinal ligament B. posterior longitudinal ligament C. interspinal ligament D. ligamenta flava E. supraspinal ligament 4. Which artery is palpable deep to the ingunal ligament A. anterior tibial a. B. femoral a. C. politeal a. D. profunda femoris artery E. peroneal a 5. Which muscle can flex the hip joint and extend the knee joint? A. Sartorius B. adductor longus C. biceps femoris D. quadriceps femoris E. gracilis 6. The following structures pass through the infrapiriform foramen, EXCEPT A. superior gluteal artery. B. sciatic nerve. C. posterior femoral cutaneous nerve. D. pudendal nerve. E. internal pudendal vein and artery
局解考试重点整理
（一）名词解释 神经点 :颈丛皮支从胸锁乳突肌后缘中点浅出时，位置表浅且相对集中，常为颈部手术阻滞麻醉的穿针点。 胸膜腔：:脏胸膜与壁胸膜之间形成的潜在性间隙. 纵膈：是左右纵隔胸膜之间所有器官,结构和组织的总称. 心包腔：浆膜性心包脏、壁两层在出入心的大血管根部相移行，两层之间的间隙称心包腔。 斜角肌间隙：前、中斜角肌与第一肋之间形成一呈三角形的间隙，称为斜角肌间隙 颈动脉鞘：颈总动脉,颈内动脉,颈内静脉和迷走神经等形成的筋膜鞘. 心包斜窦:在左心房后壁，左右肺静脉，下腔静脉与心包后壁之间的间隙。 肘后三角：肘关节屈曲呈直角时，肱骨内、外上髁 和尺骨鹰嘴3点构成等腰三角形。 胆囊三角:肝总管、胆囊管其上方的肝下面之间共 同围成一三角区，称为胆囊三角 心包横窦：位于左肺静脉，右肺静脉，下腔静脉， 左心房后壁和心包后壁之间的间隙。 椎动脉三角：内侧界为颈长肌,外侧界为前斜角肌, 下界为锁骨下动脉第1段,尖为第6颈 椎横突前结节. 锁胸筋膜:为胸部筋膜深层，张于喙突、锁骨下肌、胸小肌上缘之间，有头静脉、肩峰动脉、 胸外侧神经及淋巴管穿过 肺根：出入肺门的结构（主支气管、肺动脉、肺静 脉、支气管动静脉、神经、淋巴管）被结缔 组织包绕连于纵隔称肺根，肺根对肺起固 定、支持作用。 肾区：即脊肋角，在竖脊肌外侧缘与第12肋的夹角 区域称肾区。 肝门：肝脏面正中有略呈“H”形的三条沟，长约 5cm，其中横行的沟位于肝脏面正中，有肝左、 右管居前，肝固有动脉左、右支居中，肝门 静脉左、右支，肝的神经和淋巴管等由此出 入，故称为肝门。 动脉导管三角： 位于主动脉弓的左前方，前界为左膈神经，后界为左迷走神经，下界为左肺动脉。三角内有动脉韧带、左喉返神经和心浅丛。该三角是手术寻找动脉导管的标志。 股鞘，股管：股鞘为腹横筋膜与髂筋膜向下延续包 绕于股动、静脉上部形成的筋膜鞘呈漏斗形，长约 3-4CM。股鞘内有两条纵行的纤维隔，将鞘腔分为三 部分：外侧部容纳股动脉，中间部分窝纳股静脉， 内侧部称股管 (二)简答题 1、颈动脉三角的境界和内容：境界颈动脉三角位于 胸锁乳突肌上份前缘、肩胛舌骨肌上腹和二腹肌后 腹之间。其浅面为皮肤、浅筋膜、颈阔肌及颈筋膜 浅层；深面为椎前筋膜；内侧为咽侧壁及其筋膜。 内容：有颈内静脉及其属支、颈总动脉及其分支、 舌下神经及其降支、分支、副神经以及部分颈深淋 巴结等。[ 2、肌三角的境界和内容：肌三角由颈前正中线胸 锁乳突肌前缘和肩胛舌骨肌上腹围成。其浅面 的结构由浅入深依次为皮肤、浅筋膜、颈阔肌、 颈前静脉与皮神经，以及颈筋膜浅层；其深面 为椎前筋膜。三角内有浅层的胸骨舌骨肌和肩 肿舌骨肌上腹，以及深层的胸骨甲状肌和甲状 舌骨肌，以及位于气管前筋膜深部的甲状腺、 甲状旁腺、气管颈部和食管颈部等器官。 3、下颌下三角的境界和内容：下颌下三角位于下颌 骨下缘与二腹肌前、后腹之间，又名二腹肌三角。 此三角浅面有皮肤、浅筋膜、颈阔肌和颈筋膜浅 层，深面由浅入深依次为下颌舌骨肌、舌骨舌肌 及咽中缩肌。内容主要有下颌下腺、淋巴结及血 管、神经等 4、穿越梨状肌下孔的结构有哪些？穿越梨状肌下孔 的结构: 自外向内依次为坐骨神经、股后皮神 经、臀下神经、臀下动、静脉、阴部内动、静脉 和阴部神经。 5、腘窝的境界和内容：为膝后区的菱形凹陷，外上 界为股二头肌腱，内上界为半腱肌和半膜肌，内 下界和外下界为腓肠肌的内、外侧头，顶为腘筋 膜，底为股骨腘面、膝关节囊后部、腘斜韧带和 腘肌及其筋膜。腘窝内容由浅入深为胫神经、 腘静脉和腘动脉。其外上界有腓总神经，血管周 围有腘深淋巴结 6、何为踝管？通过其的结构有哪些：小腿深筋膜在 胫骨内踝下后方形成屈肌支持带，张于内踝与跟 骨结节间，形成的管状结构即为踝管。其内走行 （由前至后）胫骨后肌腱及腱鞘、趾长屈肌腱及 腱鞘、胫后动静脉和胫神经、拇长屈肌腱及腱鞘。 7、股三角的境界和内容：上界为腹股沟韧带；外侧 界为缝匠肌的内侧缘；内侧界为长收肌的外侧 缘；前壁为阔筋膜；后壁凹陷，外侧是髂腰肌， 内侧为耻骨肌及其筋膜。另一种说法将长收肌 内侧缘作为股三角的内侧界，故三角的后壁除髂 腰肌、耻骨肌及其筋膜外，还有长收肌及其筋膜。 内容：股三角内有股鞘、股管、股神经、股动脉、 股静脉、淋巴管、淋巴结以及脂肪组织等。这些 结构的位置关系是股动脉居中，外侧为股神经， 内侧为股静脉 8、收肌管的组成和内容：又称Hunter氏管。位 于股前部中1／3段，缝匠肌深面，长约15厘米， 断面呈三角形。其外侧壁为股内侧肌，后壁为长 收肌及大收肌，前壁为缝匠肌及架于内收肌与股 内侧肌间的腱纤维板。收肌管的上口与股三角尖 端相通，下口为收肌腱裂孔，通向腘窝。管内通 过的结构由前向后有隐神经、股动脉和股静脉。 其中隐神经与膝降动脉伴行自前壁的下部穿出。 9、肌腔隙和血管腔隙的组成前界为腹股沟韧带； 后界为髂骨；内侧界为髂耻弓。腔隙内有髂腰 肌和股神经通过。当腰椎结核形成脓肿时，脓 液可沿腰大肌及其筋膜扩大散至大腿根部，并 可侵犯股神经 血管腔隙的组成：前界为腹股沟韧带；后界 为耻骨梳和耻骨梳韧带；内侧界为腔隙韧带 （陷窝韧带）；外侧界为髂耻弓。血管腔隙 中有股动、静脉，股管及股淋巴管通过 10、大、小隐静脉的行径及伴行的神经大隐静脉的 行径和伴行的神经：起于足背静脉弓内侧端，经 内踝前方，沿小腿内侧缘伴隐神经上行，经股骨 内侧髁后方约2cm处，进入大腿内侧部，与股内 侧皮神经伴行，逐渐向前上，在耻骨结节外下方 穿隐静脉裂孔，汇入股静脉，其汇入点称为隐股 点。 小隐静脉的行径和伴行神经：起于足背静脉弓的