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将相故事-《秦良玉传》选集及翻译 与秦良玉有关的诗词

将相故事-《秦良玉传》选集及翻译 与秦良玉有关的诗词
将相故事-《秦良玉传》选集及翻译 与秦良玉有关的诗词

将相故事-《秦良玉传》选集及翻译与秦良玉有关的诗词

秦良玉是明末著名女将,军事家,民族英雄,也是二十四史中唯一一位被载入史册,单独列传的女子。秦良玉生于公元1574年,去世于公元1648年,字贞素,四川忠州人。从小的时候起,随父亲秦葵学习史书典籍,研习兵法,练习骑射。秦良玉天赋异秉,其父时常感叹,她若是身为男儿身,定能出将封侯。

秦良玉长大后,嫁给石柱土司马千乘为妻,生有一子马祥麟。后其夫被奸人所害,病死狱中,因为其子马祥麟年幼,秦良玉于是代领土司职务。秦良玉一生享年七十四岁,她大半的人生都献给了明王朝。对外抗击后金及清军入侵,对内镇压张献忠、奢崇明等人的叛乱,战功赫赫,去世后,朝廷谥号“忠贞”。

历史上女性名人虽少,但是还是数的出几个的,而秦良玉却是里面极为特殊的一位。为什么这样说呢?因为凡是女性名人,都是被记载在《列女传》中,而秦良玉却是唯一一位,作为被明朝亲自赐封的将领,被记载在正史史册,单独列传的女人。

《明史》卷二百七十列传第一百五十八——“秦良玉传”。

“秦良玉,忠州人,嫁石砫宣抚使马千乘。万历二十七年,千乘以三千人从征播州,良玉别统精卒五百裹粮自随,与副将周国柱扼贼邓坎。明年正月二日,贼乘官军宴,夜袭。良玉夫妇首击败之,追入贼境,连破金筑等七寨。已,偕酉阳诸军直取桑木关,大败贼众,为南川路战功第一。贼平,良玉不言功。其后,千乘为部民所讼,瘐死云阳狱,良玉代领其职。良玉为人饶胆智,善骑射,兼通词翰,仪度娴雅。而驭下严峻,每行军发令,戎伍肃然。所部号白杆兵,为远近所惮。”

译文:“秦良玉,四川忠州人,嫁石柱宣抚使马千乘为妻。万历二十七年,马千乘率三千人听从诏令出征播州,秦良玉另率精兵500人,自备物资与副将周国柱一起扼守邓坎,阻击敌军。第二年的正月初二,叛军趁明朝官兵举行宴会的时候,在夜间发动偷袭。秦良玉夫妇首先击败叛军,随后追入地方境内,连破金筑寨等七寨。不久又与酉阳当地土司和其他官兵齐攻桑木关,大败叛军,秦良玉、马千乘夫妇为南川路战功第一。平定叛乱以后,马千乘被石柱部民状告,逮捕入

狱,病死在云阳狱中,秦良玉代替丈夫的职务。秦良玉为人多胆识智慧,擅长骑马射箭,又通文采,举止仪容文雅大方。但是却驭下严格,每次行军打仗发号施令,其军队都是严肃的样子。所率领的部队号称白杆兵,远近部队都很忌惮。”

除了史书记载以外,诸多文人诗词也称赞敬重她。当初秦良玉抗击外敌有功,崇祯帝特地赐诗四首,以彰其功。

其一

学就西川八阵图,鸳鸯袖里握兵符。

由来巾帼甘心受,何必将军是丈夫。

其二

蜀锦征袍自裁成,桃花马上请长缨。

世间多少奇男子,谁肯沙场万里行!

其三

露宿风餐誓不辞,饮将鲜血代胭脂。

凯歌马上清平曲,不是昭君出塞时。

其四

凭将箕帚作蝥弧。一派欢声动地呼。

试看他年麟阁上,丹青先画美人图。

《满江红》——秋瑾

肮脏尘寰,问几个男儿英哲!算只有蛾眉队里,时闻豪杰。良玉勋名襟上泪,云英事业心头血。醉摩挲长剑作龙吟,声悲咽。

自由香,常思爇;家国恨,何时雪。劝吾侪今日,各宜努力。振拔须思安种类,繁华莫但夸衣玦。算弓鞋三寸太无为,宜改革。

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