2011—2014职称英语综合类A真题及答案(可打印版)

2014年度全国职称英语等级考试综合类（A级）真题试题及答案

第1部分：词汇选项（第1—15题，每题1分，共15分）

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. There was an inclination to treat geography as a less important subject.

A. point

B. tendency

C. result d. finding

2. New secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity.

a. amazing

b. depressing

c. predictable

d. dull

3. The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation.

a. furnish

b. copy

c. publish

d. summarize

4. The group does not advocate the use of violence.

a. limit

b. regulate

c. oppose

d. support

5. The original experiment cannot be exactly duplicate.

a. reproduced

b. invented

c. designed

d. reported

6. The department deferred the decision for six months.

a. put off

b. arrived at

c. abided by

d. protested against

7. The symptoms of the disease manifested themselves ten days later.

a. eased

b. appeared

c. improved

d. relieved

8. The uniform makes the guards look absurd.

a. serious

b. ridiculous

c. beautiful

d. impressive

9. Some of the larger birds can remain stationary in the air for several minutes.

a. silent

b. motionless

c. seated

d. true

10. The country was torn apart by strife.

a. poverty

b. war

c. conflict

d. economy

11. She felt that she had done her good deed for the day.

a. act

b. homework

c. justice

d. model

12. A person’s wealth is often in inverse proportion t o their happiness.

a. equal

b. certain

c. large

d. opposite

13. His professional career spanned 16 days.

a. started

b. changed

c. moved

d. lasted

14. His stomach felt hollow with fear.

a. sincere

b. respectful

c. terrible

d. empty

15. This was disaster on a cosmic scale.

a. modest

b. huge

c. commercial

d. national

第2部分：阅读判断（第16—22题，每题1分，共7分）

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.

"Wanna buy a body?" That was the opening line of more than a few phone calls I got from self-employed photographers when I was a photo editor at U.S. News. Like many in the mainstream press, I wanted to separate the world of photographers into "them", who trade in pictures of bodies or run after famous people like Princess Diana, and "us", the serious news people. But after 16 years in that role, I came to wonder whether the two worlds were easily distinguishable.

Working in the reputable world of journalism, I told photographers to cover other people's difficult life situations. I justified marching into moments of sadness, under the appearance of the reader's right to know. I worked with professionals talking their way into situations or shooting from behind police lines. And I wasn't alone.

In any American town, after a car crash or some other horrible incident when ordinary people are hurt or killed, you rarely see photographers pushing past rescue workers to take photos of the blood and injuries. But you are likely to see local newspaper and television photographers on the scene –and fast…

How can we justify doing this? Journalists are taught to separate, doing the job from worrying about the consequences of publishing what they record. Repeatedly, they are reminded of a news-business saying: Leave your conscience in the office, A victim may lie bleeding, unconscious, or dead. Your job is to record the image （图象）. You're a photographer, not an emergency medical worker. You put away your feelings and document the scene.

But catastrophic events often bring out the worst in photographers and photo editors. In the first minutes and hours after a disaster occurs, photo agencies buy pictures. They rush to obtain the rights to be the only one to own these shocking images and death is usually the subject. Often, an agency buys a picture from a local newspaper or an amateur photographer and puts it up for bid by major magazines. The most sought-after special pictures command tens of thousands of dollars through bidding contests.

I worked on all those stories and many like them. When they happen, you move quickly: buying, dealing, trying to beat the agencies to the pictures.

Now, many people believe journalists are the hypocrites（伪君子）who need to be brought down, and it's our pictures that most anger others. Readers may not believe, as we do, that there is a distinction between clear-minded "us" and mean-spirited "them". In too many cases, by our choices of images as well as how we get them, we prove our readers right.

16. The writer never got an offer for a photograph of a dead person.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

17. The writer was a photographer sixteen years ago.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

18. The writer believes that shooting people’s nightmares is justifiable.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

19. News photographers are usually a problem for secure workers at an accident.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

20. Journalists aren’t supposed to think about whether they are doing the right thing.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

21. Editors sometimes have to pay a lot of money for exclusive pictures.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

22. Many people say that they are annoyed by the US News pictures.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2~5段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。

The Storyteller

1. Steven Spielberg has always had one goal: to tell as many great stories to as many people as will listen. And that’s what he has always been about. The son of a computer scientist and a pianist, Spielberg spent his early childhood in New Jersey and, later, Arizona. From the very beginning, his fertile imagination filled his young mind with images that would later inspire his filmmaking.

2. Even decades later, Spielberg says he has clear memories of his earliest years, which are the origins of some of his biggest hits. He believes that E.T. is the result of the difficult years leading up to his parent’s 1966 divorce, ―It is really about a young boy who was in search of some stability in his life.‖―He was scared of just about everything,‖ recalls his mother, Leah Adler. ―When trees brushed against the house, he would head into my bed. And that’s just the kind of scary stuf f he would put in films like Poltergeist.‖

3. Spielberg was 11 when he first got his hands on his dad’s movie camera and began shooting short flicks about fl ying saucers and World War ΙΙ battles. Spielberg’s talent for scary storytelling enabled him to make friends. On Boy Scout camping trips, when night fell, Spielberg became the center of attention. ―Steven would start telling his ghost stories,‖ says Richard Y. Hoffman Jr., leader of Troop 294, ―and everyone would suddenly get quiet so that they could all hear it.‖

4. Spielberg moved to California with his father and went to high school there, but his grades were so bad that he barely graduated. Both UCLA and USC film schools rejected him, so he entered California State University at Long Beach because it was close to Hollywood. Spielberg was determined to make

movies, and he managed to get an unpaid, non-credit internship（实习）in Hollywood. Soon he was given

a contract, and he dropped out of college. He never looked back.

5. Now, many years later, Spielberg is still telling stories with as much passion as the kid in the tent. Ask him where he gets his ideas, Spielberg shrug s. ―The process for me is mostly intuitive (凭直觉的),‖ he says. ―There are films that I feel I need to make, for a variety of reasons, for personal reasons, for reasons that I want to have fun, that the subject matter is cool, that I think my kids will like it. And sometimes I just think that it will make a lot of money, like the sequel(续集) to Jurassic Park.‖

23. Paragraph 1______

24. Paragraph 2______

25. Paragraph 3______

26. Paragraph 4______

A. Inspirations for his movies

B. The trouble of making movies

C. A funny man

D. Getting into the movie business

E. Telling stories to make friends

F. An aim of life

27. Some of Spielberg’s most successful movies came from _______

28. When Spielberg was a boy，he used to be scared of _________

29. Spielberg is very good at _________

30. Spielberg says he makes movies for _________

A. almost everything

B. telling scary stories

C. a number of reasons

D. making children laugh

E. his childhood memories

F. a lot of money

第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文回答其后面的问题，为每题确定一个最佳答案。

第一篇The National Trust

The National Trust in Britain plays an increasingly important part in the preservation for public enjoyment of the best that is left unspoiled of the British countryside. Although the Trust has received practical and moral support from the Government, it is not a rich Government department. It is a voluntary association of people who care for the unspoiled countryside and historic buildings of Britain. It is a charity which depends for its existence on voluntary support from members of the public'. Its primary duty is to protect places of great natural beauty and places of historical interest.

The attention of the public was first drawn to the dangers threatening the great old houses and castles of Britain by the death of Lord Lothian, who left his great seventeenth-century house to the Trust together with the 4500-acre park and estate surrounding it. This gift attracted wide publicity and started the Trust's "Country House Scheme‖. Under this scheme, with the help of the Government and the general public, the Trust has been able to save and make accessible to the public about one hundred and fifty of these old houses2. Last year about one and three quarters of a million people paid to visit these historic houses, usually at a very small charge.

In addition to country houses and open spaces the Trust now owns some examples of ancient wind and water mills, nature reserves, five hundred and forty farms and nearly two thousand five hundred cottages or small village houses, as well as some complete villages. In these villages no one is allowed to build, develop 'or disturb the old village environment in any way and all the houses are maintained in their original sixteenth-century style. Over four hundred thousand acres of coastline, woodland, and hill country are protected by the Trust and no development or disturbances of any kind are permitted. The public has free access to these areas and is only asked to respect the peace, beauty and wildlife.

So it is that over the past eighty years the Trust has become a big and important organization and an essential and respected part of national life, preserving all that is of great natural beauty and of historical significance not only for future generations of Britons but also for the millions of tourists who each year invade Britain in search of a great historic and cultural heritage.

31. The national trust is a ____

A. government agency depending on voluntary service.

B. non-profit organization depending on voluntary service

C. government department but is not rich.

D. private organization supported by the government

32. The National Trust is dedicated to

A. preserving the best public enjoyment

B. providing the public with free access to historic buildings

C. offering better services to visitors home and abroad

D. protecting tho unspoiled countryside and historic buildings." n/

33. We can infer from paragraph 2 that Lord Lothion ____

A. donated all his money to the Trust

B. started the Country House Scheme

C. saved many old country houses in Britain

D. was influential in his time

34. All the following can be inferred from the passage except _____

A. the trust more interested in protecting the 16 century houses

B. many people came to visit the historic houses saved by the Trust

C. visitors can yet free access tu some places owned by the Trust

D. the Trust has a history which is longer than 80 years.

35. The word ―invade‖ in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to

A. come in without permission

B. enter with invitation

C. visit in large number

D. appear 3'l of a sudden

第二篇How we form first impression

We all have first impression of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about someone without really knowing anything about him or her – aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits.

The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits, even very minor difference in a how a person’s eyes, ears, nose, or mouth are placed in relation to each other make you see him or her as different. In fact, your brain continuously processes incoming sensory information –the sights and sounds of your world. Theses incoming “signals”are compared against a host of “memories”stored in the brain areas called the cortex （大脑皮层）system to determine what these new signals “mean”.

If you see someone you know and like at school, your brain says ―familiar and safe‖. ―If you see someone new, it says, ―new—potentially threatening‖. Then your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other ―known‖ memories. The height, weight, dress, ethnicity, gestures and tone of voice are all matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics, the more your brain may say, ―This is new. I don’t like this person.‖ Or else, ―I am intrigued.‖ Or your brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes, ethnicity, gestures –like your other friends; so your brain says: ―I like this person.‖ But theses preliminary ―impressions‖ can be dead wrong.

When we stereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people – their history, interest, values, strengths, and true character – we categorize them as jocks, geeks, or freaks.

However, if we resist initial stereotypical impressions, we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person, hear about his or her life, hopes, dreams, and become aware of the person’s character, we use a different, more mature style of thinking—and the most complex areas of our cortex, which allow us to be humane.

36. Our first impression of some one new is influenced by his or her _____

A. past experience

B. character

C. facial features

D. hobbies

37. If you meet a stranger with familiar gestures, your brain is mostly likely to say____

A. ―He is familiar and safe‖

B. ―He is new and potentially threatening‖

C. ―I like this person‖

D. ―This is new I don't like this person‖

38. The word ―preliminary‖ means ____

A. simplistic

B. stereotypical

C. initial

D. categorical

39. Our thinking is not mature enough when we stereotype people because _____

A. we neglect their depth and breadth

B. they are not all locks, peeks, or freaks

C. our thinking is similar to that of a very young child

D. our judgment is always wrong

40. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?

A. One’s physical appearance can influence our first impression

B. our first impression is influenced by the sensitivity of our brain

C. Stereotypical impressions can be dead wrong

D. We should adopt mature thinking when getting to know people

第三篇 A New Strategy to Overcome Breast Cancer

Post-menopausal (绝经后) women who walk for an hour a day can cut their chance of breast cancer significantly, a study has suggested. The report, which followed 73,000 women for 17 years, found walking for at least seven hours a week lowered the risk of the disease. The American Cancer Society team said this was the first time reduced risk was specifically linked to walking. UK experts said it was more evidence that lifestyle influenced cancer risk.

A recent poll for the charity Ramblers a quarter of adults walk for no more than an hour a week, but being active is known to reduce the risk of a number of cancers. This study, published in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, followed 73.615 women out of 97,785 aged 50-74 who had been recruited by the American Cancer Society between1992 and 1993, so it could monitor the incidence of cancer in the group.

They were asked to complete questionnaires on their health and on how much time they were active and participating in activities such as walking, swimming and aerobics(有氧运动)and how much time they spent sitting watching television or reading. They completed the same questionnaires at two-year intervals between 1997 and 2009.Of the women, 47%said walking was their only recreational activity. Those who walked for at least seven hours per week had a 14% lower risk of breast cancer compared to those who walked three or fewer hours per week.

Dr. Alpa Patel, a senior epidemiologist at the American Cancer Society in Atlanta, Georgia, who led the study, said:‖Given that more than 60% of women report some daily walking, promoting walking as a healthy leisure-time activity could be an effective strategy for increasing physical activity amongst post-menopausal women. We were pleased to find that without any other recreational activity, just walking one hour a day was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer in these women.””More strenuous(紧张的)an d longer activities lowered the risk even more.‖

Baroness Delyth Morgan, chief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign, said: ―This study adds further evidence that our lifestyle choices can play a part in influencing the risk of breast cancer and even small changes incorporate into our normal day-to-day activity can make a difference.‖

She added:‖We know that the best weapon to overcoming breast cancer is the ability to stop it occurring in the first place. The challenge now is how we turn these findings into action and identify other sustainable lifestyle changes that will help us prevent breast cancer.‖

41. All of the following factors relating to cancer risk were mentioned in the passage EXCEPT________

A. breathing exercise

B. regular walking

C. recreational activity

D. lifestyle choices

42. It can be inferred from Dr. Alpa Patel’s study that____.

A. women have fewer chances of physical activity

B. daily walking could cut the chance of breast cancer

C. leisure-time activity is not associated with cancer risk

D. walking is not recommended for women with breast cancer

43. Dr. Alpa Patel was_____.

A. head of the survey study

B. chief editor of Cancer Epidemiology

C. chair of the American Cancer Society

D. chief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign

44. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A. Most women take walking as their only recreational activity.

B. The study aims to track the health conditions of its subjects.

C. Walking was the only recreational activity for about half of the women

D. Irregular walking increased the risk of breast cancer in post-menopausal women

45. The word ―sustainable‖ in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to?

A. continuable

B. affordable

C. available

D. persistent

第5部分：补全短文（第46—50题，每题2分，共10分）

下面的短文有5处空白；短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

Wrongly convinced man and his accuser tell their stories

NEW YORK,NY, January 5,2010. St.Martin’s Press has announced the release of the paperback edition of Picking Cotton, a remarkable true story of what novelist John Grisham calls an “account of violence, rage, redemption(救赎)，and, ultimately forgiveness.”

The story began in 1987, in Burlington, North Carolina, with the rape of a young while college student named Jennifer Thompson. During her ordeal（折磨）, Thompson swore（发誓）to herself that she would never forget the face of her rapist（强奸犯）, a man who climbed through the window of her apartment and assaulted（攻击）her brutally. (46 ) When the police asked her if she could identify the assailant (袭击者) from a book of mug shots（嫌疑犯照片）, she picked one that she was sure was correct, and later she identified the same man in a lineup（行列）.

Based on her convincing eye witness testimony, a 22-year-old black man named Ronald Cotton was sentenced to prison for two life terms. Cotton’s lawyer appealed the decision（提出上诉）, and by the time of the appeals hearing（上诉听证会）, evidence had come to light suggesting that the real rapist might have been a man who looked very like Cotton, an imprisoned criminal named Bobby Poole. (47 ) Jennifer Thompson looked at both men face to face, and once again said that Ronald Cotton was the one who raped her.

Eleven years later, DNA evidence completely exonerated(证明……清白)Cotton and just as unequivocally(明确地) convicted Poole, who confessed to the crime. (48 ) “The man I was so sure I had never seen in my life was the man who was inches from my throat, who raped me, who hurt me, who took my spirit away, who robbed me of my soul,‖ she wrote. ―And the man I had identi fied so surely on so many occasions was absolutely innocent.‖

(49 ) Remarkably both were able to put this tragedy behind them, overcome the racial barrier that divided them, and write a book, which they have subtitled “Our memoir（回忆录）of injustice and redemption（拯救）.”

Nevertheless, Thompson says, she still lives “with constant pain that my profound mistake cost him so dearly. (50 )”

A. Jennifer Thompson decided to meet Cotton and apologize to him personally.

B. Many criminals are sent to prison on the basis of accurate testimony by eyewitnesses.

C. I cannot begin to imagine what would have happened had my mistaken identification occurred in a capital case

D. Another trial was held.

E. Thompson was shocked and devastated.

F. During the attack, she made an effort to memorize every detail of his face, looking for scars, tattoos (纹身), or other identifying marks.

第6部分：完形填空（第51—65题，每题1分，共15分）（

下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

Obesity Causes Global Warming

The list of ills attributable to obesity keeps growing: Last week, obese people were accused of causing global warming.

This (51) comes from Sheldon Jacobson of the University of Illinois, US, and a doctoral student, Laura McLay. Their study (52) how much extra gasoline is needed to haul fat Americans around. The answer, they say, is a billion gallons of gas per year. It (53) an extra 11 million tons of carbon dioxide.

There has been （54) for taxes on junk food in recent years. US economist Martin Schmidt suggests a tax on fast food (55) to people's cars." We tax cigarettes partly because of their health cost," Schmidt said. "Similarly, leading a lazy life style will end (56) costing taxpayers more."

US political scientist Eric Oliver said his first instinct was to laugh at these gas and fast food arguments. But such (57) are getting attention.

At the US Obesity Society's annual meeting, one person (58) obesity with car accident deaths, and another correlated obesity with suicides. No one asked whether there was really a cause-and-effect relationship. "The funny thing was that everyone took it (59)." Oliver said.

In a 1960s study, children were (60) drawings of children with disabilities and without them, and a drawing of an obese child. They were asked (61) they would want for a friend? The obese child was picked last.

Three researchers recently repeated the study (62) college students. Once again, (63) no one, not even obese people, liked the obese person. "Obesity was stigmatized." the researchers said.

But, researchers say, getting (64) is not like quitting smoking. People struggle to stop smoking, and, in the end, many succeed. Obesity is different. But, not because obese people don't care. Science has shown that they have limited personal control over their weight. Genes also (65) a part.

51.A study B project C experiment D conclusion

52.A doubts B reports C calculates D reviews

53.A turns B means C says D costs

54.A calls B cries C sounds D noises

55.A delivered B paid C spent D collected

56.A up B in C with D by

57.A answers B talks C claims D laughs

58.A mixed B correlated C contacted D involved

59.A seriously B well C hard D greatly

60.A bought B captured C shown D made

61.A what B where C why D which

62.A seeing B helping C using D surveying

63.A about B as C almost D like

64.A critical B tall C thin D confident

65.A decide B play C produce D use

2014年度全国职称英语等级考试综合类（A级）真题答案

1 B意思为"倾向"。

2 D解析：注意：划线词所修饰的名词"规律，规律性"，判断划线词为"单调的"

3 A解析：利用词典，意思为"提供"。

4D解析：利用词典，意思为"提倡"。

5 A解析：划线词为教材词汇，对应的同义词应为"copy"，根据其意思，选A，为"再生产、再制造

6 A解析：划线词为教材词汇，对应的答案为教材词汇相同。

7 B解析：利用词典，意思为"出现，显现"。

8答案B为教材词汇，利用词汇扩充可见划线词。意思是"可笑的，滑稽的"。

9 B解析：通过所给句子的语境，考虑4个选项意思，选定B为合适，为"静止的，不动的"。

10 C解析：该题有难度。查词典。词义"冲突"。

11 A解析：deed为do的名词形式，所以只有act意思相符。

12 D解析："一个人的财富通常与其幸福成反比"，该句意思本身就是提示。

13 D解析：根据句子提示，16年是一个时间段，只有D选项last，表示持续一段时间。

14 D解析：完全同义词。"空的"

15 B解析：利用词典。"巨大的"

16. 答案：C解析：如果你看不懂意思，则采用我们课堂上讲的方法：将该题的黑体定位词放在一起在文章中查找，没有相关细节。

17. B解析：文章第一段中出现after 16 years in that role，表示作者已经工作16年，而不是指16年前的事。该题为数字（时间）事实细节辨认。

18. B解析：注意该题为一般现在时。将该题定位在第2段后发现，原文是过去时。单凭这一点，该题为B。当然，如果你能看懂整个文章大意，从意思上从理解上也可以确定。

19. 答案：C解析：在第3段可以找到定位词"In the aftermath of a car crash or some other hideous incident when ordinary people are hurt or killed, you rarely see photographers pushing past rescue workers to capture the blood and gore(血雨腥风)"，但这些定位词放在一起所表达的意思不是题目的意思。题目为"这些新闻摄影工作者在事故现场常常成为救援人员的问题。"，该内容在文中找不到。还记得课堂上讲的选项C的几种情况：1。主语未提；2。宾语或其他成分未提；3。所表达的意思未提。

20. 答案：A解析：该题为第四段的概括，为我们课堂上讲的6大测试点中最难的一个。第四段通篇讲了作为一个记者，他的职业要求他应该怎样去做，用一句话表示，就是我们题目所表达的"记者不应考虑他们所做的事情是否合适"。

21. A解析：定位于第6段最后一句，为该句的同义改写。

22. 答案：A解析：见最后一段第2句。该题为原句的同义改写，为我们课堂上讲的同义改写的一种：主动改被动。

23.Paragraph 1___C___ 解析：aim=goal，利用了主题句中的主题词的同义词做选项。

24.Paragraph 2___B___ 解析：根据该段的第1句"Even decades later, Spielberg says he has clear memories of his earliest years, which are the origins of some of his biggest hits"，origin根源、起因，与B 选项中的inspiration（启示、启发）为近义词。另可参考第一段的最后一句"From the very beginning, his fertile imagination filled his young mind with images that would later inspire his filmmaking"中的inspire，可以判断得知。两句讲的是同一意思。

25.Paragraph 3___D___解析：该段第一句很容易让人想到选项A，但实际上第2句才是主题句，因为之后的其余句子都是围绕第2句讲述、举例的，即：Spielberg讲鬼的故事，大家都爱听，他也成为大家的中心。

26.Paragraph 4___A___解析：该段没有主题句，但都讲述了Spielberg的中学到大学的经历，一句接一句走向高潮，最终的结果是他收到好来钨的签约合同，决定辍学，其中的含义即是"踏入影视界"。该题为课堂讲的无主题段落。

27.Some of Spielberg's most successful movies came from ____D___

解析：定位于第2段“Even decades later，Spielberg says he has clear memories of his earliest years，which are the origins of some of his biggest hits.”这里biggest hits即是the most successful movies的同义表达，hit=successful event.D选项中的childhood=his earliest years.

28.When Spielberg was a boy，he used to be scared of ____B_____

解析：在第2段中描写了他童年的经历，其中“He was scared of just about everything”正是本题的答案提示。

29.Spielberg is very good at _____E____