考研英语历年真题答案与原文的同义转化
2007年第一篇
21：题干：The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to
答案C：introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.
原文：This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one.
要点：跳过细节事实，找到答案。
22. 题干：The word ―mania‖ (Line 4, Paragraph 2) most probably means
答案B：craze
原文：Soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania.
要点：mad 与mania转化
23.题干：According to Ericsson, good memory
答案A：depends on meaningful processing of information
原文：In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person ―encodes‖ the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice.
要点：encode与process同义转化
24. 题干：Ericsson and his colleagues believe that
答案D：high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.
原文: Or, put another way, expert performers---whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming—are nearly always made, not born.
要点：nurture:后天培养
25. 题干：Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey?
答案C：Practice makes perfect
原文：Or, put another way, expert performers---whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming—are nearly always made, not born.
要点：熟能生巧
第二篇
26. 题干：Which of the following may be required in an intelligent test
答案D：Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.
原文：IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies,
要点：同义转化。Analogies:类比
27. 题干：What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3
答案C：The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different
原文：The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children‘s versio n).
要点：注意括号里的内容
28. 题干：People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant‘s because答案C：the scores are obtained through different computational procedures.
原文：Superhigh scores like vos Savant's are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100.
要点：同义转化。注意because的重现
29. 题干：We can conclude from the last paragraph that
答案A：test scores may no t be reliable indicators of one‘s ability
原文：Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg.
要点：may not。
30. 题干：What is the author‘s attitude towards IQ test
答案B：Skeptical
原文：Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test.
Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg.
要点：态度明显怀疑
第三篇
31. 题干：Today‘s double-income families are at greater financial risk in that
答案C：they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.
原文：Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.
要点：更脆弱
32. 题干：As a result of President Bush‘s reform, retired people may have
答案B：less secured payments.
原文：For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a savings-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns
要点：意思一致。
33. 题干：According to the author, health-savings plans will
答案D：increase the families‘ investment risk
原文：Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen-and newly fashionable health savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families future healthcare.
要点：investment risk再现。
34.题干：It can be inferred from the last paragraph that
答案C：financial problems may bring about political problems
原文：The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.
要点：意思一致。
35. 题干：Which of the following is the best title for this text
答案B：The Middle Class on the Cliff
原文：From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders.
要点：中产阶级面临变化。
第四篇
36.题干：The statement ―It never rains but it pours‖ is used to introduce
答案D：the severity of data leakage
原文：Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them-especially in America-the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity.
要点：data insecurity与data leakage同义
37. 题干：According to Paragraph 2, some organizations check their systems to find out
答案A：whether there is any weak point.
原文：Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year-from organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the University of California, Berkeley-have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.
要点：potential vulnerabilities与weak point意思一致。
38. 题干：In bringing up the concept of GASP the author is making the point that
答案B：information protection should be given due attention
原文：The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders.
要点：key表明相当重要。
39. 题干：According to Paragraph 4, what puzzles the author is that some bosses fail to
答案A：see the link between trust and data protection
原文：few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands
要点：双重否定。
40. 题干：It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that
答案D：legal penalty is a major solution to data leakage.
原文：The current state of affaires may have been encouraged – though not justified – by the lack of legal penalty (in America, but not Europe) for data leakage.
要点：法律手段是需要的。欧洲比美国情况好就在于有法律。
2006年第一篇
21：题干：The word ―homogenizing‖（Line 1, Paragraph 1）most probably means
答案C：assimilating
原文：In spite of ―endless talk of difference‖，American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people.
要点：前后对比转折，从difference得出相反的意思：assimilate
22. 题干：According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century
答案A：played a role in the spread of popular culture
原文：these were stores ―anyone could enter, r egardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.
要点：public and democratic 与popular culture 是一个意思
23.题干：The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S.
答案C：are hardly a threat to the common culture
原文：immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous.
要点：hardly a threat与hardly poisonous同义转化
24. 题干：Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5？答案D：To show the powerful influence of American culture.
原文：Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet ―some Americans fear that immigrant living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation‘s assimilative power.‖
要点：yet与之后的内容与前面的相反相对的，从后面能得出D。
25. 题干：In the author‘s opinion，the absorption of immigrants into American society is
答案B：successful
原文：前三段首句
第一段：In spite of ―endless talk of difference‖，American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people.
第二段：immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous.
第三段：The 1990 Census revealed that ―a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ―well‖ or ―very well‖ after ten years of residence.‖
要点：迷惑项是A：rewarding.
意思是有收益的，成效大的。文章只说明成功，并没有说带来多大的收益。排除。
第二篇
26. 题干：From the first two paragraphs, we learn that
答案A：the townsfolk deny the RSC?s contribution to the town‘s revenue
原文：The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue.
要点：deny与doubt同方向
27. 题干：It can be inferred from Paragragh 3 that
答案B：the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers
原文：It is the playgoers, the ESC contends, who bring in much of the town‘s revenue because they spend the night
要点：spend more money与bring in much of the town‘s revenue转化
28. 题干：By saying ―Stratford cries poor traditionally‖（Line 2-3, Paragraph 4）, the author implies that
答案C：the town is not really short of money
原文：Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.
要点：very expensive与not really short of money转化
29. 题干：According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because
答案D：the theatre attendance is on the rise
原文：The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all yea r long and this year they‘ll do better.
要点：on the rise与has broken attendance records转化。
30. 题干：From the text we can conclude that the author
答案D：is sympathetic to the RSC
原文：Anyway, the townsfolk can‘t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy.
要点：从整个文章来看，作者一直对RSC是一种同情的态度。
Anyway,对比转折之后是强调。
第三篇
31. 题干：The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that
答案C：large sea animals may face the same threat today.
原文：Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.
要点：now与today, same与similar, sea animal与oceans 转化。
32. 题干：We can infer form Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm‘s paper that
答案A：the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%
原文：According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators （animals that kill and eat other animals）in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.
要点：数学推理。Half 减半（动词）
33. 题干：By saying ―these figures are conservative‖（line 1 ，paragragf-3），Dr. worm means that
答案C：the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss
原文：that means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes.
要点：a higher proportion与a greater loss同义转化。
34.题干：Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that
答案D：people should adjust the fishing baseline to the changing situation.
原文：Dr Myers and Dr Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the "shifting baseline"。
要点：must take into account与adjust转化。
35. 题干：The author seems to b e mainly concerned with most fisheries‘
答案B：biomass level
原文：Most fisheries are well below that，which is a bad way to be business.
要点：that指的就是biomass level
第四篇
36.题干：By citing the examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author intends to show that
答案D：Artists have changed their focus of interest
原文：But the weirdest may be this: artists‘ only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.
要点：focus改变
37. 题干：The word ―bummer‖（Line 4. paragraph 5）most probably means something
答案B：unpleasant
原文：People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young.
要点：misery, exhausted, few protections , died young都表示unpleasant。
38. 题干：In the author‘s op inion, advertising
答案D：creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself.
原文：and since these messages have an agenda- to lure us to open our wallets- they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable.
要点：unreliable与此illusion 转化。
39. 题干：We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes
答案B：The anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing.
原文：remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It‘s a message even mor e bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.
要点：bitter than a clove cigarette ,yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air 与distasteful but refreshing 转化。
40. 题干：Which of the following is true of the text？
答案A：Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.
原文：In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms.
要点：misery与in danger, meat for worms 转化
2005年第一篇
21：题干：In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by
答案C：making a comparison
原文（86-05）：But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.
要点：作者第一段的目的只是为了引出话题。这题的创新在于不再是问你话题是什么（主旨题）或举例子的目的是什么（功能题），而是为你作者是如何提出话题的。答案在最后一句，找出主干：a study suggests it is all too monkey.前面提到了all too human,明显是monkey 和human之间的关系，答案集中在A，contrast（一正一反的对比），C，comparison(两个相似的类比), 从as well可以看出明显是类比，答案C。
22. 题干：The statement ―it is all too monkey‖ (Last line, paragraph l) implies that
答案B：resenting unfairness is also monkeys' nature
原文（86-01）：Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged.
要点：all too monkey结合第一题可知all too human,知道了人类自然猴子也一样。从第一句可以看出，人类是痛恨不平等的。
23.题干：Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are
答案A：more inclined to weigh what they get.
原文（86-10）：Above all, like their female human counterpart s, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of ―goods and services‖ than males.
要点：文中列了很多原因，但是most probably表明要最重要的理由。above all符合这一点。more inclined to weigh what they get与pay more attention to the value of ―goods and services‖ than males.
24. 题干：Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys
答案C：will not be co-operative if feeling cheated.
原文（86-23）：Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.
要点：induce resentment与not be co-operative if feeling cheated同义转化。
25. 题干：What can we infer from the last paragraph?
答案B：Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.
原文（86-30）：However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.
要点：uncertain与unanswered转化。
第二篇
26. 题干：An argument made by supporters of smoking was that
答案C：people had the freedom to choose their own way of life.
原文（87-03）：That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way?
要点：way of life重现
27. 题干：According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as
答案D：a guide
原文（88-12）：But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future
要点：but之后是重点，guide原词再现。
28. 题干：What does the author mean by ―paralysis by analysis‖ (Last line, paragraph 4)
答案A：Endless studies kill action
原文（81-21）：Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research-a classic case of ―paralysis by analysis‖.
要点：instead of a plan of action,说明没有采取行动。
29. 题干：According to the author, what should the Administration do about global warming
答案D：Take some legislative measures.
原文（88-23）：If the Administration won't take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures.
要点：legislative initiative与legislative measures转化。
30. 题干：The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because
答案B：a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former
原文（87-06）：There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming.
要点：这题又回到文章开头，parallel表明两者的关系。吸烟和温室效应都要引起人民的关注，同时行动也很重要。
第三篇
31. 题干：Researchers have come to believe that dreams
答案A：can be modified in their courses.
原文（89-06）：Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is ―off-line‖
要点：modify与regulate转化。
32. 题干：By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show
答案C：the relation of dreams to emotions.
原文（89-16）：―We wake up from dreams happy of depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day‖ says Stanford sleep researcher Dr, William D ement.
要点：feelings与emotions转化。
33. 题干：The negative feelings generated during the day tend to
答案D：show up in dreams early at night.
原文（89-19）：The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright‘s clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day.
要点：have more bad dreams early in the night与show up in dreams early at night同义转化。
34.题干：Cartwright seems to suggest that
答案D：dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious.
原文（89-25）：And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams..
要点：need not 与may not entirely转化。
35. 题干：What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?
答案A：lead your life as usual.
原文（90-34）：For the rest of us; the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep-or rather dream-on it and you'll feel better in the morning.
要点：sleep on it指的就是lead your life as usual
第四篇
36.题干：According to Mc Whorter, the decline of formal English
答案B：is but all too natural in language development.
原文（90-09）：Mr.McWhorter‘s academic speci ality is language history and change, and he sees gradual disappearance of ―whom‖ ,for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English
要点：to be natural再现。
37. 题干：The word ―talking‖ (Line5, paragraph3) deno tes
答案D：informality
原文（91-16）：In both oral and written English,talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft
要点：informality与spontaneity转化。
38. 题干：To which of the following statements would Mc Whorter most likely agree?
答案A：Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.
原文（91-23）：He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper.
要点：两者同义转化。
39. 题干：The description of Russians' love of memorizing poetry shows the author's
答案B：appreciation of their efforts.
原文（91-27）：Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms-he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful.
要点：可以体会出作者对他们的赞赏。
40. 题干：According to the last paragraph, ―paper plates‖ is to ―china‖ as
答案C：―functional‖ is to ―artistic‖.
原文（91-28）：he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful.
要点：functional与useful转化，beautiful与artistic转化。