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山东省2019-2020年中考英语名词考点剖析

山东省2019-2020年中考英语名词考点剖析
山东省2019-2020年中考英语名词考点剖析

中考英语:名词

考点一词义辨析

名词词义的辨析在历年中考试题中属于必考题,通常在完形填空、词汇运用等题型中考查。名词词义辨析常分为同类名词辨析、不同类名词辨析和近义名词辨析。其中,同类名词辨析主要涉及抽象类、地点类、职业类、饮食类、情绪类等。

1.(2018·山东菏泽单县常青学校模拟一)—Look! Here comes Cindy! She is always full of .

—So she is. Because she takes a lot of exercise every day.

A.knowledge B.courage C.energy

2.(2018·山东菏泽单县常青学校模拟三)Our teachers gave us some on how to study well.

A.advice B.question C.suggestion

3.(2018·内蒙古巴彦淖尔五原模拟改编)Yesterday Lily told us such good

that we are all amazed at it.

A.news B.ideas C.decisions

4.(2018·江苏苏州高新模拟改编)I must say it is my parents’ that makes me finally take up my job as a teacher.

A.character B.education C.influence

5.(2018·广西贵港港南三模改编)I have the of reading before sleeping. It has been part of my life.

A.courage B.spirit C.habit

6.(2018·广西贵港平南三模改编)—The river is becoming dirtier because the steel factory has put waste into it.

—Yes. We must take action to improve the .

A.condition B.mention C.position

7.(2018·山西平定一模)In fact, most of children know little about Chinese traditional culture. They prefer to spend in playing computer games.

A.time B.effort C.mind

8.(2018·贵州贵安民族中学模拟)Country music is from the southern states of America, Tennessee is the of country music.

A.city B.home C.country

9.(2018·黑龙江哈尔滨平房调研)—James is ill, do you know what’wrong with him?

—Poor boy. His illness is the of eating bad food.

A.result B.cause C.reason

10.(2018·山西中考)Reading the first of each paragraph before you read the whole text helps you get the main idea quickly.

A.letter B.word C.sentence

11.(2018·广东深圳中考)—Simon always reads for half an hour before bedtime every day.

—That’s good . Reading makes a full man.

A.dream B.wish C.habit

12.(2018·广东深圳中考)—I’m looking forward to the final of the 2018 World Cup.

—Me too. I hope the German team will be the . It’s my favorite.

A.player B.winner C.loser

考点二名词的数(四年未考,只做了解)

名词按其所表示的事物的性质分为可数名词与不可数名词。

一、可数名词的复数形式

可数名词有单数和复数两种形式,可数名词的复数形式的变化规则如下:

种类变化例词

一般情况加-s cake→cakes

student→students bed→beds

computer→computers

以s, x, sh, ch等结尾的词加-es bus→buses class→classes watch→watches box→boxes

以辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为i,再加-es baby→babies; city→cities country→co untries

lady→ladies

以元音字母加y结尾的词加-s toy→toys monkey→monkeys key→keys

以f(fe)结尾的词变f(fe)为ves

leaf→leaves; wolf→wolves

knife→knives; life→lives

以辅音字母加-o结尾的表示有生命的名词,在词

尾加-es

tomato→tomatoes

potato→potatoes

hero→heroes

表示无生命的名词,在词

尾加-s

photo→photos

radio→r adios

piano→pianos

不规则变化改变单数名词中的元音字

woman→women

foot→feet

tooth→teeth

单复数形式相同

sheep→sheep; deer→deer

Chinese→Chinese

Japanese→Japanese

其他形式

mouse→mice

child→children

二、不可数名词的数

1.概述:不可数名词所表示的事物一般不能用数来计算,没有词形变化,这类词主要为抽象名词和物质名词。

2.表示方法:不可数名词需要计量时,用“数词或冠词+量词+of+不可数名词”的结构表示,量词可以是单数也可以是复数,但of后面的名词只用单数。

a cup of tea 一杯茶two bottles of water 两瓶水

four pieces of paper 四张纸

考点三名词所有格(四年未考,只做了解)

名词所有格表示人或物的所有关系,有以下几种形式:

1.表示有生命的人或动物的名词所有格在单数名词后加“-’s”构成。

Mike’s father 迈克的父亲

2.在以“-s”结尾的复数名词之后只加“-’”。

my parents’ hometown我父母的故乡

3.表示几个人共同拥有某物时,只在最后一个人名后加“-’s”;表示各自所有时,则需要在每个人名后都加“-’s”。

Mary and Kate’s room玛丽和凯特的房间(共有)

Jane’s and Tom’s books简和汤姆的书(各自所有)

4.在表示“店铺”“某某家”“诊所”的名词所有格后面,一般省去被修饰的表示地点的名词。

at the barber’s (shop) 在理发店

at the doctor’s (office) 在医院

5.表示无生命的事物的名词所有格,通常是由“of+名词”构成。

the gate of the school学校的大门

the center of the city 市中心

6.表示时间、距离、城市、团体等无生命的名词,也可以在词尾加“-’s”构成所有格。the future of China/China’s future 中国的未来

the group’s name/the name of the group这个团体的名字

7.双重所有格。

英语中名词所有格有时可以在前面加of构成的短语,这种结构称为双重所有格。

双重所有格有两种形式:of+名词所有格;of+名词性物主代词

a friend of my sister’s 我姐姐的一个朋友

a dictionary of mine我的一部词典

考点四名词作定语(四年未考,只做了解)

1.名词作定语一般用单数形式,但有些常以复数形式出现的名词则仍用复数形式。clothes shop服装店sports meeting运动会

2.man, woman作定语时有单复数变化,其他名词作定语一般用单数。

a man teacher→men teachers

an apple tree→apple trees

3.“数词+连字符+名词”作定语。

a three-day holiday一个三天的假期

a five-year plan一个五年计划

★连字符后面的名词用单数形式

参考答案

考点一1~5 CAACC 6~10 AABAC 11~12 CB

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