专业英语课件
1.1 引言
从一般意义上讲，英语可分为两大类：
普通英语(Common/General/Ordinary English) 专业英语(English for Science and Technology) 专业英语是随着新学科的不断涌现和专业分工的日益细化，在科技英语的基础上逐步形成的，因此其专业色彩更加浓厚，涉及的面更加狭窄，与专业内容相互配合的更加密切。1.2 词汇特点
1.2.1 词汇的分类
1. 专业或技术词汇(special technical words).。技术词汇是指某个专业所特有的词汇。
2. 次技术词汇(special sub-technical words)。次技术词汇是指很多专业和学科所共有的词汇。
3. 非技术词汇(non-technical words)。非技术词汇是指在普通英语或非专业英语中使用较少，但实际却属于非专业英语的词汇。
1.2.2 词汇的构成
大部分专业词汇来自外来语是专业英语词汇构成的一个显著特征。
专业英语词汇构成的另外一个显著特征是广泛使用词缀(affix)和词根(etyma)。
以下是几种主要的构成方式：
1. 合成法(composition)
2. 转化法(conversion)
3. 派生法(derivation)
4. 缩略法(shortening)
5. 混合法(blending)
6. 字母外形法(letter symbolizing)
7. 人名法
1. 合成法(composition)
由相互独立的两个或更多的词合成得到新词的方法成为词汇的合成法。合成所得到的词汇叫做合成词或复合词。
合成法又可分成如下形式：
(1) 名词＋名词：构成名词性词组。例如：
horse＋power→horsepower 马力band＋width→bandwidth 带宽
radio＋broadcasting→radiobroadcasting 无线电广播
(2) 名词＋形容词：构成形容性词组。例如：
network＋wide→network-wide 网络范围
electron＋hungry→electron-hungry 缺少电子ice＋cold→ice-cold 冰冷
(3) 名词＋副词：构成形容词性词组，一般作定语。例如：
feed＋back→feedback 反馈check＋up→checkup 检查
(4) 名词＋过去分词：构成形容词性词组，一般作定语。例如：
phase＋locked→phaselocked 锁相computer＋based→computerbased 基于计算机power＋driven→powerdriven 电能驱动
(5) 名词＋-ing：构成形容词性词组，一般作定语。例如：
resistance＋containing→resistance-containing 含电阻
direction＋indicating→direction-indicating 方向指示time＋varying→time-varying 时变(6) 形容词＋名词：构成名词性或形容词性词组，一般作定语。例如：
short＋circuit→short-circuit 短路low＋pass→low-pass 低通
(7) 形容词＋形容词：构成形容词性词组，一般作定语。例如：
dark＋blue→dark-blue 深蓝red＋hot→red-hot 炽热
(8) 形容词＋-ing或过去分词：构成形容词性词组，一般作定语。例如：
ready＋made→ready-made现成fine＋looking→fine-looking美观clear＋cut→clear-cut明确(9) 形容词＋名词-ed：构成形容词性词组，一般作定语。例如：
forward＋directed→forwar-ddirected 正向small＋sized→small-sized 小型
(10) 副词＋过去分词：构成形容词性词组，一般作定语。例如：
so＋called→so-called 所谓above＋mentioned→above-mentioned 上面提到
(11) 副词＋-ing：构成形容词性词组，一般作定语。例如：
fast＋charging→fast-charging 快速充电newly＋invented→newly-invented 新发明
(12) 介词＋名词：构成名词性词组，一般作定语。例如：
by＋pass→bypass 旁路over＋head→overhead 高架
(13) 副词＋动词：复合动词。例如：
by＋pass→bypass 从旁路通过over＋load→overload 超载
(14) 动词＋代词＋副词：构成名词性词组。例如：
pick＋me＋up→pickmeup 兴奋剂
(15) 副词＋介词＋名词：构成名词性或形容词性词组。例如：
out＋of＋door→out-of-door 户外
2. 转化法(conversion)
通过改变单词的词性(可能有尾音或重音位置的变化)，不改变词形而得到新词的方法称为词汇的转化法。
转化法组词的比较常见的方式有：名词和动词相互转化、形容词和动词相互转化以及副词和动词相互转化。例如：
control(n.控制)→control (v.控制) slow(a.，ad.慢，落后)→slow(v.放慢，减速)
close([klous] a.，ad.接近，密闭)→close([klouz]v.接通，闭合)
3. 派生法(derivation)
通过对词根或词汇本身加上不同前缀(prefix)和后缀(suffix)构成词汇的方法称为派生法或词缀法。派生法形成的词汇叫做派生词(derivative)。
4. 缩略法(shortening)
只由词汇中的部分字母或词组中每个词汇的首字母组成新词汇的方法称为缩略法。由缩略法所形成的词汇称作缩略词(shortened words)用缩略法构成的缩略词汇包括节略词、缩略词、首字词和缩写词等。
(1) 节略词(clipped words)
只取词汇前面几个字母或只由后面词根所组成的缩略词汇称为节略词。例如：
lab→laboratory 实验室fig→figure 图exam→examination 考试
(2) 缩略词(acronyms)
由词组中的某些词的词头字母(有时多于一个)所组成的缩略词汇称为缩略词。
注意：缩略词有时不包括虚词的字母。例如：
radar→radio detecting and ranging 雷达modem→modulator demodulator 调制解调器CMOS→complementary metal oxide semiconductor 互补金属氧化物半导体
(3) 首字词(initials)
首字词与缩略词类似，区别主要在于每个实词只取第一个字母，且必须逐字母念出，而前者是作为一个词按正常的拼写规则发音的。例如：
DSP→digital signal processor 数字信号处理
EDA→Electronics Design Automation 电子设计自动化
FACTS→flexible AC transmission system 柔性交流输电系统
(4) 缩写词(abbreviation)
缩写词并不一定由某个词组的首字母组成。有些缩写词仅由一个单词变化而来，而且大多数缩写词每个字母都附有一个句点。缩写词与首字词一样，可能一词多意。
Appx.→Appendix 附录Msg..→Message 信息
O.P.→Operational Amplifier 运算放大器
5. 混合法(blending)
由两个词汇的第一个词汇前面几个字母和第二个词汇的后面几个字母结合在一起构成新词的方法称为混合法，形成的词汇叫做混合词(blend)。例如：
motel－motorist hotel 汽车旅馆positron－positive electron 正电子
negatron－negaative electron 负电子
6. 字母外形法(letter symbolizing)
对一些形状与字母外形相似的物体，可以利用连字符把字母和名词连接在一起组成新词汇，这种方法称为字母外形法。例如：
X-ray：X射线Y-connection：Y型连接T-filter：T型滤波器
7. 人名法
对一些科学家、发明家所发现或发明的理论、方法、定理或定律、东西和物品等，用他们的名字组成新词，这就是人名法。例如：
Ohm －欧姆V olt －伏特Watt －瓦特
1.3 语法特点
专业英语必须具有客观性(objectivity)、准确性(accuracy)和精练性(conciseness)，由此反映到专业英语的语法结构上，就表现为如下的语法特点。
1.3.1 广泛使用被动语态
科技人员注重的是行为、活动、过程、作用、事实和方法，而对动作的行为者是谁却不在意，所以专业英语中常用非人称的语气和被动语态。这样能够引起读者的注意，且意识的表达更简明扼要和直截了当。例如：
(1) Electricity can be measured in amount and quality.
电可以用数量和质量来度量。
(2) Electric power is generated in power generating stations or plants.
电能是在发电站或发电厂产生的。
1.3.2 广泛使用非谓语形式
由于专业英语具有精练性的语法特点，这就促使动名词、分词和动词不定式等非谓语形式在专业英语中的广泛应用。
1. 动名词
动名词短语用来取代时间从句或简化时间陈述句。例如：
When it is forward biased, the diode begins to conduct with only a small forward voltage across it.
When being forward biased, the diode begins to conduct with only a small forward voltage across it.
二极管正偏时，只要在其两端加上一个小的正电压它就会导通。
The signal should be filtered before it is amplified.
The signal should be filtered before being amplified.
放大信号前，应先对它进行滤波。
An object becomes hot. It is placed in the sun.
Once being placed in the sun, an object becomes hot.
物体放置在太阳下，就会变热。
2. 分词
被动语态关系可以用过去分词短语来替代，而主动语态关系从句可以用现在分词短语来替代。例如：
The power supply which is shown in block-diagram in Fig. 1 is a single-phase switch-mode inverter.
The power supply shown in block-diagram in Fig. 1 is a single-phase switch-mode inverter.
图一中用框图表示的电源是一个单相开关逆变器。
The transistor which is working with correctly polarities can work as an amplifier.
The transistor working with correctly polarities canwork as an amplifier.
工作于正确电源极性下的晶体管，作用就像放大器。
If it is applied in mesh or loop analysis, the fundamental law is Kirchhoff’s voltage (second) law.
If applied in mesh or loop analysis, the fundamental law is Kirchhoff’s voltage (second) law.
在对网孔或回路分析时，所用的基本定律是基尔霍夫电压定律（第二定律）。
3. 不定式
不定式短语用来替代表示目的或功能的从句和语句。例如：
The capacity of individual generators is larger and larger so that the increasing demand of electric power is satisfied.
The capacity of individual generators is larger and larger to satisfy the increasing demand of electric power.
单台发电机的容量越来越大，目的就是满足不断增长的用电需求。
What does a fuse do? It protects a circuit.
The function of a fuse is to protect a circuit.
保险丝的作用就是保护电路。
1.3.3 省略句使用多
本着精炼的原则，专业英语中的语句常常省略掉一些成分，如状语从句中的主语和全部或部分谓语、定语从句中的关系代词which和that、从句中的助动词等。此外，还经常用介词短语来替代从句。例如：
If it is possible, the open-loop control approach should be used in this system.
If possible, the open-loop control approach should be used in this system.
可能的话，这个系统应该使用开环控制方法。
As illustrated in Fig. 1, there is a feedback elementin the closed-loop system.
As in Fig. 1, there is a feedback element in theclosed-loop system.
就像图1所示的那样，这个闭环系统中有一个反馈元件。
It is necessary to examine whether the new design is efficient.
It is necessary to examine the efficiency of the newdesign.
必须检查一下这种新设计的有效性。
1.3.4 It句型和祈使句使用多
专业英语在说明概念或术语时，有时句子的主语比较长，为避免句子“头重脚轻”使结构不平衡，常常使用It充当形式主语的It句型。例如：
(1) It is very important (possible, necessary, natural, inevitable) to …… (It代替不定式短语) ……很重要。
(2) It takes very much time learning …… (It代替动名词短语) ……要花费很多时间。
It代替一个从句的情况还有：
(1) It is important (possible, necessary, natural, inevitable) that ……，……是重要的(可能的，必要的，自然的，不可避免的)。
(2) It is clear (obvious)that …很清楚……，显然……
(3) It must be admitte d that…必须承认，……
1.3.5 复杂长句多
专业英语在表达一个复杂的科学技术概念、理论和方法时，为表达清楚，准确无误，推理严谨，有时使用一些关系比较复杂的长句来更好地反映客观事物中的复杂关系。例如：Further interconnection of electric power systems over wide areas, continuing development of reliable automated control systems and apparatus, provision of additional reserve facilities, and further effort in developing personal to engineer, design, construct, maintain, and operate these facilities will continue to improve the reliability of electric power supply.
电力系统在大范围内的进一步联网，可靠性高的自动控制系统和设备不断发展，更多的备用设施补充，以及设计、施工、管理、维护和操作这些设备的人员的进一步培训等等，都将不断提高供电系统的可靠性。
1.3.6 后置的形容词短语作定语多
形容词短语作后置定语可以使句子简洁、紧凑、不致于滞重和累赘。例如：
Non-mobile robots, capable of learning to perform an industrial tasks and then of being left to perform it tirelessly, are even now in wide use in industrial plants all over the world.
能学会做工，并能孜孜不倦地工作，但不能行走的机器人，今天已在世界各地的工厂里得到广泛使用。
Non-mobile robots, which are capable of learning to perform an industrial tasks and then of being left to perform it tirelessly, are even now in wide use in industrial plants all over the world.
All radiant energies have wavelike characteristics, analogous to these of waves moving through water.
所有辐射能都具有波的特性，与水中移动的波的特征相似。
All radiant energies have wavelike characteristics, which are analogous to these of waves moving throughwater.
The instruments present included some digital ones relative to DSPs.
到场的仪器中还有一些与DSP有关的数字仪器。
The instruments present included some digital ones which are relative to DSPs.
1.4 修辞特点
1.4.1 广泛使用一般现在时态
专业英语注重科学技术方面的观察、试验和实验、客观规律、事物特征等，所涉及的内容，如概念、原理、定理或定律、规则、方法等，这些大都没有特定的时间关系和时效性，因此专业英语中所使用的时态主要是一般现在时态(具有简单、精练等特点)，其次是一般过去时和现在完成时，而较少使用过去将来时和完成进行时。
1.4.2 较多的使用图、表和公式
专业英语中修辞手法比较单调，因为它比教着重事实和逻辑，所以常使用数据、图、表和公式等非语言因素来表明科技概念原理、定理或定律、规则、方法等。例如：The definitions on power quality vary from electronic engineers to power engineers. In power system the definitions are defined as follows and shown in Fig.1.
电子工程师和电力工程师对电能质量的定义不同。在电力系统中，电能质量的定义可通过图1叙述如下。
1.4.3 逻辑—语法使用多
在专业英语中，当进行条件论述、理论分析和公式推导时，多使用逻辑语法，即表示条件、原因、语气转折、限制、假设、逻辑顺序等词汇。
常用的词汇有：although、because、but、if、once、only、suppose和as a result、because of、due to、so、therefore、thus、without等。例如：
Although it is intangible, electricity can be measured in amount and quality.
尽管电是无形的，但可以用数量和质量来度量。
If the output of an Op-Amp is 1V and its gain is 105, then the difference in potential between its two inputs is 10-5V.
如果运算放大器的输出为1V，其增益是105，那么其输入段的电位差就等于10-5V。1.5 翻译特点
翻译就是把一种语言所表达的思想用另外一种语言重新再现出来，它是一项比较复杂的语言转换过程。专业术语在翻译时应特别予以正确表达，已经通用的专业术语不能随意改动或另辟新意；创造新译名要能正确表达出事务的真实涵义；同一篇文章、同一本书中的专业术语前后的译名必须统一。例如：
A new fuse must be inserted every time a fuse has functioned.
误：每当保险丝用过以后，就得插入新的。
正：保险丝熔断后，就得换上新的。
The engine did not stop because the fuel was finished.
误：发电机没有停止，因为燃料用完了。
正：发动机停止了，并不是因为燃料用完了。
1.6 常用符号和公式表达
1.6.1 希腊字母(Greek letters)
在专业英语中，为简单便于描述和方便推导，经常使用一些希腊字母来代替专业术语。
1.6.2 国际单位制中的前缀(SI prefixes)
专业英语涉及很多物理量。
1.6.3 小数(decimal)、分数(fraction)和百分比(percent)
数包含实数和虚数两大部分。实数又分为有理数和无理数。有理数可以细分为整数和小数。
1.6.4 幂(power)和根(root)
幂和根的书写。
1.6.5 常用数学符号(Mathematical Symbols)
常用数学符号。
物理专业英语绪论
Introduction Physics is a natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through spacetime(时空), as well as all applicable concepts, such as energy and force. More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the world and universe behave. Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines(学科), perhaps the oldest through its inclusion of astronomy. Over the last two millennia(一千年), physics had been considered synonymous with philosophy, chemistry, and certain branches of mathematics and biology, but during the Scientific Revolution in the 16th century, it emerged(显现) to become a unique modern science in its own right. However, in some subject areas such as in mathematical physics and quantum chemistry, the boundaries of physics remain difficult to distinguish. Physics is both significant and influential, in part because advances in its understanding have often translated into new technologies, but also because new ideas in physics often resonate(共鸣) with other sciences, mathematics, and philosophy. For example, advances in the understanding of electromagnetism(电磁学) or nuclear physics led directly to the development of new products which have dramatically transformed modern-day society; advances in thermodynamics(热力学) led to the development of motorized transport; and advances in mechanics(力学) inspired the development of calculus. Scope and aims Physics covers a wide range of phenomena,
(完整版)《物理专业英语》
新《物理专业英语》范围 单词篇 1 、加速度acceleration 2 、速度 velocity 3 、角速度 angular velocity 4 、角动量angular momentum 5 、热量 amount of heat 6 、热力学第一定律 the first law of thermodynamics 7 、干涉 interference 8 、反射 reflection 9 、折射 refraction 10 、振幅 amplitude 11 、机械运动 mechanical motion 12、保守场 conservative field 13 、向心力 centripetal force 14、保守力 conservative force 15、摩擦力 friction force 16 、面积area 17 、体积 volume 18、阿伏加德罗常数 Avogadro constant 19 、绝对零度 absolute zero 20 、电势能 energy of position 21、重力势能 gravitational potential energy 22 、重力场 the field of gravity force 23 、真空中的磁场 magnetic field in a vacuum 24 、电磁波 electromagnetic wave 25 、电流的相互作用interaction of current 1、（第3页）第四段的第3句 A typical problem of mechanics consists in determining the states of a system at all the following moments of time t when we know the state of the system at a certain initial moment to and also the law governing the motion. 翻译：机械运动的一个典型的问题的构成取决于一个系统在接下来的时间间隔t的状态，（因此）当我们知道了一个确切的最初的系统状态时，也可以知道运动的规律。 2、（第4页）第一段 A body whose dimension may be disregarded in the condition or a given problem is called a point particle (or simply a particle). 翻译：在一个给定的问题中，一个物体的形状和大小可以被忽略的情况被称为质点。 3、(第36页)第五段【注：选词和阅读会出】 For a stationary filed ,the work done on a particle by the forces of the field may depend only on the initial and final position of the particle and not depend on the path along which the particle moved .Forces having such a property are called conservative. 翻译：对于恒定场，这个场的力对粒子所做的功只依赖于粒子的初位置和末位置，不依赖于粒子运动的路径。具有这一特性的力被称为保守力。
食品专业英语课件内容
食品专业英语，共40学时，教材为：《食品专业英语》编著：陆则坚 出版社：中国农业出版社。出版时间：2003年。 第一课 Special English for Food Science and Technology School of Food Science and Technology Aims for this class To utilize : vocabulary reading comprehension translation writing To grasp the method of abstract writing. About Result 30% is attending rate, classroom answers and homework 70% is final examination Any dictionary is not permitted in final exam. Reference 《英汉食品词汇》凌关庭主编，上海科学技术出版社《食品专业英语文选》高福成主编，中国轻工业出版社 《生物专业英语》蒋悟生主编，高等教育出版社 与食品专业有关的英文书籍和杂志 The characteristics about the Food English Sci-Technological Thesis 英语食品科技论文的特点 Thesis of Science and Technology Academic thesis 学术论文 Experiment:Research report, 实验型 Observation,survey: Investigation report 观测型Theory:Mathematical thesis, 理论型 Dissertation 学位论文 Bachelor’s dissertation 学士论文 Master’s dissertation 硕士论文 Doctor’s dissertation 博士论文
《物理专业英语》(可编辑修改word版)
1、加速度 acceleration 2、速度 velocity 3、角速度 angular velocity 4 、角动量angular momentum 5 、热量 amount of heat 新《物理专业英语》范围 单词篇 6 、热力学第一定律 the first law of thermodynamics 7 、干涉 interference 8、反射 reflection 9、折射 refraction 10、振幅 amplitude 11、机械运动 mechanical motion 12、保守场 conservative field 13 、向心力 centripetal force 14、保守力 conservative force 15、摩擦力 friction force 16、面积 area 17、体积 volume 18、阿伏加德罗常数 Avogadro constant 19、绝对零度 absolute zero 20、电势能 energy of position 21、重力势能 gravitational potential energy 22、重力场 the field of gravity force 23、真空中的磁场 magnetic field in a vacuum 24、电磁波 electromagnetic wave 25、电流的相互作用 interaction of current 1、（第 3 页）第四段的第 3 句 A typical problem of mechanics consists in determining the states of a system at all the following moments of time t when we know the state of the system at a certain initial moment to and also the law governing the motion. 翻译：机械运动的一个典型的问题的构成取决于一个系统在接下来的时间间隔 t 的状态，（因此）当我们知道了一个确切的最初的系统状态时，也可以知道运动的规律。 2、（第 4 页）第一段 A body whose dimension may be disregarded in the condition or a given problem is called a point particle (or simply a particle). 翻译：在一个给定的问题中，一个物体的形状和大小可以被忽略的情况被称为质点。 3、(第 36 页)第五段【注：选词和阅读会出】 For a stationary filed ,the work done on a particle by the forces of the field may depend only on the initial and final position of the particle and not depend on the path along which the particle moved .Forces having such a property are called conservative. 翻译：对于恒定场，这个场的力对粒子所做的功只依赖于粒子的初位置和末位置，不依赖于粒子运动的路径。具有这一特性的力被称为保守力。
食品专业英语课件lesson 13
Lesson 10 Basic Steps in Vegetables’ Canning 一、new words Can n.罐头（美），tin (英) canned adj.罐头（食品）的，罐装的 a)canned food 罐头食品 b)canned beer 罐装啤酒 canning n.罐装，罐藏，罐头制造 c)canning industry 罐头工业 cannery n.罐头（食品）厂 acid n.酸味adj酸的，酸味的，酸性的 acidic adj酸的 acidic material酸性物质 acidify v.酸化 acidity n 酸性，酸度，酸味 acidity test 酸度测定 heat-resistant 耐热的 heat –stable amylases spray n. 喷淋，喷雾，飞沫v.喷射，喷溅 high-pressure spray 高压喷雾 agitating screen 振动筛 revolving screen 旋转筛 blast一阵（风），一股（气流） air blast 空气流 flotation n.浮选 trimming n.修整，清理焊缝 off-color adj. 颜色不佳的，变色的 mash v.捣碎 blanching n.热烫，漂白，预煮 note n.香韵，香调，香型 brine n.盐水 atmosphere [atm.] 大气压 atmospheric 大气的，常压的 seam 接缝，线缝；缝合，接合 filled can 实罐，装有内容物的罐头 bulging n. 胀罐，胖听 paneling n.瘪罐 double seam 三片罐，二道卷封罐 curl of the lid flange of the can closing machine 封罐机，压盖机 tin plate n.镀锡铁皮，马口铁 thread 螺纹 lug cap 四旋（瓶）盖
食品专业英语文选(第二版)
电子出版物数据中心中国轻工业出版社出品京新出音[2010]419号ISBN 978-7-89991-109-9
高等学校专业教材 食品专业英语文选 （第二版） 许学勤主编
目录 ?Lesson 1 Food Industry ?Lesson 2 Water ?Lesson 3 Carbohydrates ?Lesson 4 Proteins ?Lesson 5 Lipids ?Lesson 6 Vitamins and Minerals ?Lesson 7 Food Additive ?Lesson 8 Food Microbiology ?Lesson 9 Fermentation Glossary Glossary Glossary Glossary Glossary Glossary Glossary Glossary Glossary
?Lesson 10 Physical Properties of Foods ?Lesson 11 Food Dispersions ?Lesson 12 Food Preservation ?Lesson 13 Food Processing ?Lesson 14 Unit Operations in Food Processing ?Lesson 15 Food Packaging ?Lesson 16 Thermal Treatment and Thermal Processing ?Lesson 17 Food Concentration ?Lesson 18 Food Dehydration and Drying Glossary Glossary Glossary Glossary Glossary Glossary Glossary Glossary Glossary
食品专业英语课件lesson5
Lesson5 Alcoholic beverages 酒精饮料 一、Questions: 1 In the following contents, which belong to alcoholic beverages? beer, wine, carbonated beverage , fruit juice, tea drink 2. Which types alcoholic beverages can you list? The alcoholic beverages include: non-distilled beverages :非蒸馏制取的酒精饮料(酿造酒) Beers, wines, ciders苹果酒, sake日本米酒 distilled beverages : 蒸馏制取的酒精饮料 whisk 威士忌酒, rum 朗姆酒, brandy 白兰地酒, vodka 伏特加酒, gin 杜松子酒fortified wines 强化葡萄酒, 加度酒 sherries 雪利酒, Port 葡萄牙酒，Madeira wines马德拉酒. Distilled beverages : 蒸馏制取的酒精饮料 whisk 威士忌酒Produced from fermented cereals rum 朗姆酒Produced from fermented molasses brandy 白兰地酒Produced by distillation of wine vodka 伏特加酒Produced from neutral spirits obtained by distillation of fermented molasses, grain, potato or whey gin 杜松子酒 Fortified wines 强化葡萄酒, 加度酒 sherries 雪利酒, port 葡萄牙酒， madeira wines马德拉酒. produced by addition of distilled spirit to wines [to raise the alcohol content to 15-20% distilled spirit 精馏酒精 alcohol content 酒精含量(浓度) 3 Which materials can be used to produce alcoholic beverages? Alcoholic beverages are produced from a range of raw materials but especially from cereals, fruits and sugar crops. cereals 谷类(barley, rice, corn…) fruits （wine, apple, berry, waxbe rry…） sugar crops 糖类作物（cane, beet, potato…） 酒精饮料可以从一系列的原材料，尤其是谷物、水果及糖类作物中制取。 The alcoholic beverages include: –Non-distilled beverages –Distilled beverages –Fortified wines : 15-20% alcohol The raw materials of alcoholic beverages: –cereals, fruits and sugar crops Why alcoholic beverage can be produced from above materials? Biology of yeast fermentation ?glucose+2ADP→2ethanol + 2CO2+2A TP
专业英语课件
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关于职业的英语课件
关于职业的英语课件 关于职业的英语课件 导语：职业有很多，因此，关于职业的英语也有很多，下面小编分享关于职业的.英语课件，欢迎参考。 Executive and Managerial(管理部分) Retail Store Manager 零售店经理 Food Service Manager 食品服务经理 Executive Marketing Director 市场行政总监 HMO Administrator 医疗保险管理 Assistant Store Manager 商店经理助理 Operations Manager 操作经理 Assistant Vice-President 副总裁助理 Production Manager 生产经理 Chief Executive Officer(CEO) 首席执行官 Property Manager 房地产经理 Chief Operations Officer(COO) 首席运营官 Branch Manager 部门经理 Controller(International) 国际监管 Claims Examiner 主考官
Director of Operations 运营总监 Controller(General)管理员 Field Assurance Coordinator 土地担保协调员General Manager 总经理 Management Consultant 管理顾问 District Manager 市区经理 Hospital Administrator 医院管理 President 总统 Import/Export Manager 进出口经理 Product Manager 产品经理 Insurance Claims Controller保险认领管理员Program Manager 程序管理经理 Insurance Coordinator 保险协调员 Project Manager 项目经理 Inventory Control Manager 库存管理经理Regional Manager 区域经理 Manufacturing Manager 制造业经理 Vending Manager 售买经理Telecommunications Manager 电信业经理 Vice-President 副总裁 Transportation Manager 运输经理
有关职业的英语课件
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专业英语物理化学
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物理专业英语
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专业英语课件
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