2016年职称英语理工A试卷及答案

2016年全国职称英语等级考试理工类（A级）试题及参考答案

第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. The revelation of his past led to his resignation.

A.imagination

B. Confirmation

C.recall

D. Disclosure

2. Jensen is a dangerous man, and can be very brutal.

A.careless

B. Cruel

C.strong

D. Hard

3. You’ll have to sprint if you want to catch the train.

A.jump

B.escape

C. Run

D.prepare

4. We are worried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty.

A. Changeable

B. Stable

C.suitable

D.adaptable

5. The new garment fits her perfectly.

A.haircut

B. Purse

C. Clothes

D.necklace

6. The phobia may have its root in a childhood trauma.

A.fear

B. Joy

C. Hurt

D.memory

7. They have to build canals to irrigate the desert.

A.decorate

B. Water

C.change

D. Visit

8. Her overall language proficiency remains that of a toddler.

A.disabled

B. Pupil

C.teenager

D. Baby

9. The coastal area has very mild winter, but the central plains remain extremely cold.

A. Warm

B.severe

C.hard

D.dry

10. The details of the costume were totally authentic.

A. Real

B.outstanding

C.creative

D. False

11. We are aware of the potential problems.

A.global

B. Possible

C.ongoing

D. Central

12. The idea was quite brilliant.

A.positive

B. Clever

C.key

D. Original

13. Stock market price tumbled after rumor of a rise in interest rate.

A.regulated

B. Increased

C. Fell

D.maintained

14. The course gives you basic instructions in car maintenance.

A. Coaching

B. Idea

C.term

D. Aspect

15. All houses within 100 metres of these as at risk of flooding.

A. in danger

B. out of control

C.between equals

D. in particular

第2部分：阅读判断(第16~22题，每题1分，共7分)

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A; 如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B; 如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

The Greatest of Victorian Engineers

In the hundred years up to 1860, the work of a small group of construction engineers carried forward the enormous social and economic change that we associate with the Industrial Revolution in Britain. The most important of these engineers was Isambard Kingdom Brunel, whose work in shipping, bridge-building, and railway construction, to name just three fields, both challenged and motivated his colleagues. He was the driving force behind a number of the hugely ambitious projects, some of which resulted in works which are still in use today.

The son of an engineer, Brunel apprenticed with his father at an early age on the building of the Thames Tunnel. At the age of just twenty, he became engineer in charge of the project. This impressive plan to bore under the Thames twice suffered two major disasters when the river broke through into the tunnel when the second breach(决口)occurred in 1872, Brunel was seriously injured during rescue operation and further work was halted.

While recovering from his injuries, Brunel entered a design competition for a new bridge over the Avon Gorge near Clifton. The original judge of the competition was Thomas Telford, a leading civil engineer of his day, who rejected all entries to the competition in favor of his own design. After considerable scandal, a second contest was held and Brunel's design was accepted. For reasons of funding, however, exacerbated(加剧) by social unrest in Bristol, the project was abandoned in 1843 with only the towers completed. After Brunel’s death, it was decided to begin work on it again, partly so that the bridge could form a fitting memorial to the great engineer. The entire structure was finally completed in 1864. Today, the well-known Clifton Suspension Bridge is a symbol of Bristol, just as the Opera House is of Sydney. Originally intended only for horse-drawn traffic, the bridge now bears over four million motor vehicles a year.

16.Brunel was an important airplane engineer in Britain during the Industrial

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

17.Brunel was involved less in railway construction than in other engineering fields.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

18.Brunel worked only on shipping, bridge-building and railway construction.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

19.Brunel work was largely ignored by his colleagues.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

20.Some projects Brunel contributed to are still in use today.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

21.Brunel became an apprentice with his father when he was very young.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

22.The Thames Tunnel project was more difficult than any previous projects

undertaken in Britain.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23~30题，每题1分，共8分)

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题; (2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。

Geothermal(地热)Energy

1 Since heat naturally moves from hotter regions to cooler ones, the heat from the

earth's center flows outwards towards the surface. In this way, it transfers to the next

layer of rock. If the temperature is high enough, some of this rock melts and forms

magma(岩浆). The magma ascends in its turn towards the earth's surface. It often

remains well below the earth's surface, creating vast areas of hot rock. In such regions,

there are deep cracks, which allow rainwater to descend underground. Some of the

heated rainwater travels back up to the earth's surface where it will appear as a hot

spring. However, if this ascending hot water reaches a layer of impermeable(不可渗透的)rock, it remains trapped, forming a geothermal reservoir. If geothermal reservoirs are close enough to the surface, they can be reached by drilling wells. Hot water and

steam shoot up the wells naturally, and can be used to produce electricity in

geothermal power plants.

2.A few geothermal power plants depend on dry-stem reservoirs which produce steam

but little or no water. In these cases, the steam is piped up directly to provide the

power to spin a turbine generator. The first geothermal power plant, constructed at

Lardarello in Italy, was of this type, and is still producing electricity today.

3.Most currently operating geothermal power plants are either "flash" steam plants or

binary(双重的)plants. Flash plants produce mainly hot water ranging in temperature

from 300° to 700°Fahrenheit. This water is passed through one or two separators

where released from the pressure of the underground reservoir, it "flashes" or boils

into steam Again, the force of this steam provides the energy to spin the turbine and

produce electricity. The geothermal water and steam are then reinjected directly back down into the earth to maintain the volume and pressure of the reservoir. Gradually they will be reheated and can then be used again.

4.A reservoir with temperatures below 300° Fahrenheit is not hot enough to flash steam but it can still be used to generate electricity in binary fluid. The steam from this is used to power the turbines. As in the flash steam plant, the geothermal water is recycled back into the reservoir.

23.Paragraph1_____

24Paragraph2_____

25Paragraph3_____

26Paragraph4_____

A.Dry steam plants

B.Binary plants

C.Origin of geothermal energy

D.Generation of electricity

E.Flash steam plants

F.Recyclable water and steam

参考答案：E、Ｆ、C、B

27.A geothermal reservoir is formed when hot water is trapped under _____.

28.A dry-steam reservoir produces steam with _____.

29.Flash plants produce hot water through _____.

30.In a binary plant, the heat of the geothermal water can be converted into _____.

A.the energy to turn a turbine

B.impermeable rock

C.one or two separators

D.turbine operator

E.little or no water

F.hot springs

答案：Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｅ、Ｆ

第4部分：阅读理解(第31~45题，每题3分，共45分)

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇 Sports Star Yao Ming

If Yao Ming is not the biggest sports star in the world, he is almost certainly the tallest. At 2.26m, he is the tallest player in the National Association (NBA) and holds the record as the most towering Olympian ever to compete in the Games.

But what really stands out about the giant center is his celebrity (名气). Few, if any, Chinese athletes are as well-known as Yao around the world. People across the globe are fascinated with Yao, not only for his basketball prowess (杰出的才能) but also for being a symbol of international commerce.

When Yao joined the Houston Rockets as the No. 1 pick in the 2002 NBA draft (选拔), he was the first international player ever to be selected first. His assets on the court are clear enough — no NBA player of his size has ever possessed his mobility, so he isa handful (难对付的人）for opponents on either end of the court. But what makes Yao invaluable to the Rockets organization is his role as a global citizen and as abridge to millions of potential basketball fans in China.

When it was announced in February that Yao would miss the rest of the NBA season and possibly the Olympics with a stress fracture (骨折）in his left foot, a collective shudder (震动) spread across China. After considerable debate and discussion, Yao opted to get his foot surgically treated in an operation that placed several tiny screws across the bone, to offer his overburdened foot more support. The surgery was a success,and though the estimated four-month recovery period will leave him little time to prepare with Team China, Yao has vowed to be ready for the Beijing Olympics.

Yao wrapped up a 10-day trip to China,where he underwent a series of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatments, hoping to accelerate his recovery process. Western experts are generally skeptical of TCM's benefits, although new research from the university of Rochester suggests that a certain compound derived from shellfish may speed stimulate bone repair.

“There is no reason to dismiss TCM,"Yao told a press conference in Beijing. “It’s been used in our country for thousands of years. I don't think that it’s short on science.”

31.The word "towering" in Paragraph 1 means_____.

A. Iarge.

B. fat.

C. all.

D. Great.

32. Opponents find it very difficult to control Yao Ming because of his_____.

A.mobility.

B.assault

C.defense.

D.Celebrity.

33. Yao Ming had to undergo a series of TCM treatments because_______.

A. his right foot had been hurting.

B.he wanted to make a more rapid recovery.

C. the surgical operation had been a failure.

D. he couldn't afford all the medical expenses.

34. Which statement about Yao Ming is NOT true?________.

A.He missed the Athens Olympics.

B. He is an NBA player.

C. He fractured his left foot.

D. He is an international figure.

35. In general, the Western experts' attitude towards TCM is___________.

A. indifferent.

B. positive.

C. negative.

D. Doubtful.

第二篇 The Sahara【撒哈拉沙漠】

The name Sahara derives from the Arabic word for “desert” or “steppe”. At 3. 5 million square miles, an area roughly the size of the United States, the Sahara Desert in northern Africa is the largest desert in the world. It spans the continent from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea. Daytime temperatures can reach as high as 130°F. The humidity sometimes gets into the teens. But it can also be as low as 2.5 percent, the lowest in the world. Most of the Sahara receives less than five inches of rain per year, while large areas sometimes have no rainfall at all for years.

At the heart of the Sahara is the landlocked north African country of Niger. Here the sand dunes can be 100 feet tall and several miles long. Here sand plains stretch over an area larger than Germany where there is neither water nor towns. Yet sitting in the midst of the surrounding desert is the town of Bilma. Suddenly there are pools of clear water. Surprisingly, there are groves of date palms. Underground water resources, or oases, sufficient to support irrigated agriculture are found in dry stream beds and depressions. Irrigation ditches run off a creek to water fields. Corn, cassava, tea, peanuts, hot peppers, and orange, lime, and grapefruit trees grow in these fields. Donkeys and goats graze on green grass.

The Sahara of Niger is still a region where you can see a camel caravan of 500 camels tied together in loose lines as long as a mile, traveling toward such oasis towns. There a caravan will collect life-sustaining salt, which is mined from watery basins, and transport it up to 400 miles back to settlements on the edges of the desert. The round trip across the vast sands takes one month.

36. This passage is mostly about________.

A.life in the Sahara

B. the deserts of Africa

C. Bilma

D.how camels travel in the desert

37. Rainfall in most of the Sahara is________.

A.less than five inches per year

B. less than ten inches per year

C. less than twenty inches per year

D. Zero

38.The Sahara can be described as______

A. a place of contrasts

B.a place where no one lives

C. an area where the winters are cold

D. an area that appeals to many tourists

39. The phrase “an area roughly the size of the United States” gives an indication of the size of________.

A. northern Africa

B.Niger

C. the Sahara

D.all of Africa

40. In this passage caravan means________.

A. traveling circus

B. group traveling together through difficult country

C. railroad train

D. a small, fast sailing ship

第三篇 Older volcanic eruption

Volcanoes were more destructive in ancient history, not because they were bigger, but because the carbon dioxide they released wiped out life with greater ease.

Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over the past 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed to do. He calculated the "killing efficiency" for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.

The Permian extinction, for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked by floods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe. Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide. The global warming that followed wiped out 80 per cent of all marine genera at the time, and it took 5 million years for the planet to recover. Yet 60 million years ago, there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years. "The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all," Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid. He thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of CO2.

Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical. Institute in France, says that Wignall’s idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted. And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years. He also adds that it is difficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide emissions.

41.Older volcanic eruptions did moredamage than more recent ones because

A. older volcanoes were brighter.

B. carbon dioxide made the earth muchwarmer

C. older volcanoes were hotter

D. carbon dioxide killed off life moreeasily

42. Wignall calculated the killing powerof those older volcanic eruptions by

A. estimating how long they lasted

B. counting the dinosaurs they killed

C. comparing the proportion of lifekilled with the volume of lava produced

D. studying the chemical composition oflava

43. When did dinosaurs become extinct?

A. 300 million years ago.

B. 250 million years ago

C. 65 million years ago

D. 60 million years ago

44. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3that the cause of dinosaur extinction is_______

A. a political issue.

B. self-evident.

C. quite certain

D. controversial

45. What is the main thesis of thearticle?

A. Volcanic eruptions are not alwaysdeadly.

B. Carbon dioxide emissions often giverise to global warming.

C. Older volcanic eruptions are moredestructive

D. It is not easy to calculate the killingpower of a volcanic eruption

第5部分：补全短文(第46~50题，每题2分，共10分)

下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

Researchers Discover Why Human Began Walking Upright Most of us walk and carry items in our hands every day. These are seemingly simple activities that the majority of us don’t question. _____(46) The team of researchers from the U. S., England, Japan and Portugal investigated the behavior of modern-day chimpanzees as they competed for food resources，in an effort to understand what ecological settings would lead a large ape — one that resembles the 6 million-year old ancestor we shared in common with living chimpanzees — to walk on two legs.

"These chimpanzees provide a model of the ecological conditions under which our earliest ancestors might have begun walking on two legs", said Dr. Richmond.

The research findings suggest that chimpanzees switch to moving on two limbs instead of four in situations where they need to monopolize a resource._____(47)Over time, intense bursts of bipedal activity may have led to anatomical changes that in turn became the subject of natural selection where competition for food or other resources was strong.

Two studies were conducted by the team in Guinea. The first study was conducted by the team in Kyoto University's "outdoor laboratory" in a natural clearing in Bossou Forest. _____(48)The chimpanzees' behavior was monitored in three situations: when only oil palm nuts were available, when a small number of coula nuts were available，and when coula nuts were the majority available resource.

When the rare coula nuts were available only in small numbers, the chimpanzees transported more at one time. Similarly, when coula nuts were the majority resource, the chimpanzees ignored the oil palm nuts altogether. _____(49)

In such high-competition settings，the frequency of cases in which the chimpanzees started moving on two legs increased by a factor of four. Not only was it obvious that bipedal movement allowed them to carry more of this precious resource, but also that they were actively trying to move as much as they could in one go by using everything available-even their mouths.

The second study, by Kimberley Hockings of Oxford Brookes University, was a 14-month study of Bossou chimpanzees crop-raiding, a situation in which they have to compete for rare and unpredictable Resources. _____(50)

46._____

47.____

48._____

49._____

50._____

A.Standing on two legs allows them to carry much more at one time because it frees up their hands.

B.But an international team of researchers, including Dr. Richmond from GW's Columbian College of Arts and Sciences，have discovered that human walking

upright, may have originated millions of years ago as an adaptation to carrying scarce,

high- quality resources.

C.Here, 35 percent of the chimpanzees activity involved some sort of bipedal

movement, and once again, this behavior appeared to be linked to a clear attempt to

carry as much as possible at one time.

D.XXXXXX

E.Researchers allowed the wild chimpanzees access to different combinations of

two different types of nut —the oil palm nut，which is naturally widely available,

and the coula nut, which is not.

F.The chimpanzees regarded the coula nuts as a more highly-prized resource and

competed for them more intensely.

参考答案：Ｂ、Ａ、Ｅ、Ｆ、Ｃ

第6部分：完形填空(第52~65题，每题1分，共15分)

下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

Cell Phone Lets Your Secrets Out

Your cell phone holds secrets about you.Besides the names and numbers that you've programmed into it, ______traces____(51) of your DNA linger (遗留) on

thedevice according to a new study

DNA is genetic (遗传的)material _____that_____ (52) appears in every cell. Like your fingerprint, yourDNA is _____unique______ (53) to you——unless you

have an identical twin. Scientiststoday analyze DNA in blood, saliva (唾液), orhair left

____behind_______ (54) at the scene of a crime. The results oftenhelp detectives

identify ____criminals______ (55) and their victims. Your cellphone can reveal more

about you ____than_____ (56) you might think.

Meghan J. McFadden, a scientist at McMasterUniversity in Hamilton, Ontario, heard about a crime in which the suspect bledonto a cell phone and later dropped

the____device_____ (57). This made herwonder whether traces of DNA lingered on

cell phones一evenwhen no blood was___involved_____(58). She and colleague

Margaret Wallace ofthe City University of NewYork analyzed the flip-open phones(翻盖手机)of10 volunteers. They used swabs (药签) tocollect _____invisible___ (59) traces of the users from two parts of the phone:the outside, where the user

____holds_____(60) it, and the speaker which isplaced at the user's ear

The scientists cleaned the phones using asolution made mostly__of____(61) alcohol. The aim of washing was to remove alldetectable traces of DNA. The owners got their phones back for another week.Then the researchers ___returned________ (62) the phones and cleaned each phoneonce more.

The scientists discovered DNA that _____belonged______(63) to the phone's speaker on each of the phones. Better samples werecollected from the outside of each phone, but those swabs also picked up DNAthat belonged to other people who had apparently also ____handed______ (64) thephone

Surprisingly, DNA showed up even in swabsthat were taken immediately after the phones were scrubbed. That suggests thatwashing won't remove all traces of ___evidence________ (65) from a criminal'sdevice. So cell phones can now be added to the list of clues that can clinch (确定)a crime-scene investigation.

51.A. Name B.pictures C. Shapes

D. traces

52.A. That B. While C.as

D.what

53.A. Common B. Good C. Helpful

D. unique

54.A. Behind B. Away C. Aside

D.over

55.A. Visitors B. Travelers C.scientists

D.criminals

56.A. Until B. Before C.unless

D. than

57.A. Paper B. Document C. Device

D.. Checked B. Involved C. Tested D. gathered

59.A. Invisible B.emotional C. Poisonous

D. magical

60.A. Holds B. Watches C. Drops

D. Covers

61.A. With B.by C. For

D. of

62.A. Collected B. Answered C. Returned

D. used

63.A. Moved B.changed C. Belonged

D.turned

64.A bought B. repaired C.seen

D. Handed

65.A. smell B. evidence C.sound

D.color