语音练习手册
张冠林. 大学一年级英语语音练习手册. 外研社，2006.
V. Exercises for Consonant Clusters
1.Initial
1）/??/ spy speak spit (吐) spark（火花）sport spade ’spinster（未婚女人）
/??/ stay steal still steak（牛排）star story stand
/??/ sky ski（滑雪）sketch（草图）school scold（责骂）skate（溜冰）
/??/ sphere（球体）sphinx（狮身人面像）’spherical（球状的）
/??/ small smile smoke smith smack（咂嘴）
/??/ snow sneeze（打喷嚏）snake snap（折断）snatch（抓住）
/?●/ sleep slide（滑动）slow slim（苗条的）slot（缝,槽）slum（贫民窟）
/??/ swear（骂人）swap（交换）swag（摇晃）sway（倾斜）sweet swerve（突然转向）
2) /?l/ /??/ play please plot/ pray press print
/?r/ /?w/ try tree train truck/ twice twin twelve tweed（粗花呢）twist（扭,拧）
/ l/ / ?/ / w/ climb claim clique clock clerk/ cry cream crush croak (蛙鸣声) ’cradle（摇篮）crack/ quite quick quit（离开）quote（引证）queen ’quiver（抖动）
/?l/ /??/ blue blow black blame（责备）blush（脸红）blow block（街区）/ breathe broad bring bright brother
/??/ /?w/ dress dream dry drain draw dread drum/ dwell（居住）dwarf（矮子）’dwindle（减少）/?l/ /??/ glass glide glow glad globe（地球）’glory（光荣）/ green grow great grass grab（抓,夺）grade
/?l/ /??/ fly flow flee（逃离）flesh（肉）fling（抛,扔）flat flirt（调情）/ from frame frank（坦率的）free French frail（虚弱的）
/ r/ /?r/ three throw threat through throat throb（跳动）/ shriek（尖叫）shrink（收缩）shrewd（精明的）shrill（尖叫）shrimp（虾）
3) /??r/ spring spray（喷洒）sprout（发芽,抽条）spruce（整洁漂亮的）spread ’sprinkle（洒,撒）
/??r/ string strong street straight stride（大步走）
/??r/ scream screw（螺钉）script（手稿）scroll（卷轴）scratch（搔,抓）
/??l/ spleen（脾脏）splay（展开）splash（溅,泼）’splendid（灿烂的）splint（夹板）
/??w/ square squeeze（挤）squat（蹲）squint（斜视）squeak（尖叫）
2.Final
1）V oiceless consonants+/s/
caps lips books roofs smiths（铁匠）desks maths lakes
2)V oiced consonants+/z/
dogs pigs cabs（出租汽车）ribs leaves proves clothes seems harms sons means girls miles sings songs words
3)V oiceless consonants+/t /
stopped stepped asked kicked kissed missed washed ’finished watched touched
4)V oiced consonants+/d/
robbed（抢劫）rubbed（摩擦）begged hugged（拥抱）loved moved seized seemed harmed（伤害）learned burned longed banged（碰撞）called smiled
5)V oiceless consonants+/ts/
tests rests beasts（野兽）feasts（宴会）boasts（自夸）hosts（主人）gifts shifts（轮班）
6) V oiced consonants+/dz/
fields shields wields（挥动）folds（折叠）holds ends spends pre’tends（假装）ex’tends（延伸）
VI.Exercises for Incomplete Plosion , Nasal and Lateral Plosion
1.incomplete plosion
1)Plosives + plosives
`active `blackboard `bookcase `post-card Sep`tember
`put `down / `wet `ground / `next `door / `stop `talking / `keep `quiet / `take `care / ` not `bad / `great `concern / `hard `times / `quite `different/ `waste/`time / a `great deal
2)Plosives +Fricatives
(1)`friendship `first / `old `friends / `step `forward(向前走)/ `red `flags / a bright `future(光明的前程) / `sweet `flowers /
`ripe fruit / a com`plete `failure(彻底的失败)/ ad`vance/ ad`vice / a `kind `voice / a `one-sided `view(片面的观点) / `first `visit/ `second `volume (第二卷) / `constant `vigilance(始终警惕) / a com`plete `victory
(2)`just `think / a `thousand `thanks(万分感谢) / `get `through(通过) / `take `three/ `bright `thought / the `right `thing /
`abstract `theory(抽象的理论) / `black `thread / `get `there / `just `then / `take `this / `ask them
(3)`red `stars / `bright `sky / `first `step(第一步) / `keep `silent(保持安静) / `short `stories / `folk `songs(民歌) / `deep
`snow / a `great suc`cess / a `good `season/ a `big `zoo / a `good `zipper(一条好的拉链)
(4)`bookshelves / `first `shift(第一班)/ `don’t `shout / `look `sharp / `make `sure(确保)/ a `good `shot (一个好球)/ a
`smart shirt (一件漂亮的衬衣) / a `public`show(公演)
3)Plosives+Affricates
`white`chalk / `great`changes/ `loud`cheers(大声欢呼)/ a`good`try/ a`good`child/ the`first`chapter(第一章)/ a`bit`dry / a`second`choice / a`good`job/ a`black`jacket/ a`big`tree/a`big`jar/ a`hard`journey/ `excellent`judgement(精辟的判断)/ a`fast`train/ a`sweet`dream/ a`cold`drink
2.Nasal Plosion
/?,?+?,?/ good`morning/ at`tend`meetings/ `not`mine/ `help me/ a`good`memory(好记忆)/ a`different`meaning/ an im`portant`matter/ `midnight(午夜)/ at`noon/ `not`now/ `don’t`know/ `odd`numbers(单数)/ `quite`near/ `good`news/ `urgent`needs/ a`loud`noise
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6f6699460.html,teral Plosion
/?,?+●/ `little `battle(战斗) ` bottle `cattle(牲口) `gentle(文雅的) `kettle(水壶) `settle `title(头衔)
` bundle(包，捆) `candle(蜡烛) `handle(把手) `idle(懒散的) ` middle `paddle(涉水) `needle
`boldly(大胆地) `friengly `hardly `loudly `proudly `rapidly at`least/ at`last/ at`leisure(闲着的)/ at`lunch/ at`liberty(自由的)
An`outline(大纲)/ a`red`lantern(红灯笼)/ the`third`lesion/ a`good`leader/ the`second`longest(第二长)
Ⅶ.Exercises for Important
Weak Forms
a,an /?, ?? /
a `lion/ a `table / an ungly `man / an `hour / an `honest `man / a
Euro`pean / a uni`versity / `what a pity! / You’ll `need an axe. / An `apple a `day `keeps the `doctor away.(每日一苹果，不必看医生)
am/ ??, ? /
I’m `all right. / I’m `not `ready yet. / I’ve seen him and am `glad to
`say he’s well. / `What am I to do? / I’m in a `terrib le hurry.(我急着要［走］)／`Where am I now?
and/ ??d, ??/
`Two and `six / `fire and the `sword / `Tom and `Annie / `John and
`Kate left early. / `Give `Jack `four and a penny. / `Go and `tell your
Uncle. / a `cat and `dog life (充满争吵的生活)
are/ ? /
The `boys are here. / Our `friends are out. / Are you there? / `What are you doing?/ These ｀things are ｀all mine./ Are you ready to go now?
as/??/
as good as gold ([小孩]很乖)/ as far as I know(就我所知)/
It look as if you`re right./ Do as you`re told. It isn`t as good as I thought./ I`ll stop now, as it`s late .
at/??/
I`m looking at the clock./ Tom`s still at school./He`ll be back at six./I`ll meet you at the gate./You`ll see a bank at the corner./
At any rate, that`s not bad!
be/??/
Don`t be late./ Do be quiet./I`ll be ready soon./Come on, I don`t want to be late!/We shall be there in plenty of time. been/???/
You`ve been a long time./ All the work`s been done./I`ve been cheated!/We`ve been playing chess./I wish I hadn`t been so hasty.(如果我不是那样草率就好了)
but/???/
It`s old but useful./We`ve nothing but water./ It`s raining but I`ll o out./ Jack`s careful but not very bright.( Jack很认真但不聪明)/ That`s nothing but nonsense.
can/ ??/
`What can I `do to help you?/ I can `see it `quite well./I can `smell gas./ `That can be `done in a minute./ Can you `do me a favor?（能帮我个忙吗？)
could/ ??/
I could `leave early./ `What could I do ?/The `dress could be altered.(衣服可以改)/I `wish I could swim./You could `do it if you tried./We could `put you `up for the night.(我们可以让你过夜)
do/??,?/
`What do you want?/ `Where do you buy them?/ Where do you get them?/Do you `really `think he is stupid?/ `Why do you `work so hard?
does /???/
`What does he do for a living? (他靠什么生活)/ `Where does `this `road lead to?(这条路通到哪里)/`Where does your `brother live?/`How does that affect you? (那件事对你影响如何)/ `How on `earth does it work?
for/??/
Is `this for me? / `This `watch will `last forever!/ There`s `parcel here for you./`This`ll be good for you.(这对你有好处)/For `years and `years I`ve `said it would happen .(多少年来我一直在说这事会发生)/It was `art for art`s sake.(那是为了艺术的艺术)
from/????/
I `can`t tell `one from the other./ I`ve `just `heard from Mary./He`s a `visitor from Italy./He `can`t tell `red from green.(他不能区分红绿二色)
had has have /???,?/ /???, / /???, /
Has the `post come?(邮件来了吗)/Had I know, I`d have told you about it./ When `Tom had finished, he left./`Cook has `burned the cakes./ The `guests have arrived./ They`d gone./ We`d `better hurry./ You`ve `made a mistake./ That`s `never oc`curred before./Has your `friend `got `over the incident?(你朋友已经摆脱事故的影响了吗)
he/??,?/
He `told me a story./ `What was it he said?/ He`s a `good boy./ He`s `gone be`fore I arrived.
her /??,?/
I `gave her a book./ She`s `got her ticket./ Her `answer sur`prised her father./ They `gave her a `lot of `good advice. him /??/
I `gave him a book./ `Give him my `best wishes./ `Tell him to come./ I met him once./ I `don`t know him and I don`t want to know him.
is/ ,?/
`Who`s in the bathroom?/ `What`s the matter?/ The `man`s in the kitchen./ His `wife`s Italian./ `What`s the use of grumbling?(抱怨有什么用处) /That `fellow`s a scoundrel.(那个人是个坏蛋)
me /??/
He `gave me my ticket./ They `want me to do it./ `Bill `taught me to swim./ `Don`t `look at me like that, is `makes me nervous .
must /????/
You must `eat it at once./ He must `go now./ You must re`member you`re `only a beginner./ I must `make a note of that.(我得把这事记下来)/ `That must be done at once.
of /??/
`One of the `books is missing./ It`s `made of `cheese and eggs./ The `jug is `full of cream./ I`ve `never heard of it./ `That `one`s the `best of the bunch.(那人是这些人中最好的)
shall /??l/
`When shall I see you again?/ I shall be `back soon./ Shall I `see you home?/ `What shall we tell him when we see him?/ I shall be `thirty `next `Wednesday.(下个星期我就30岁了)
she /??/
`What did she say?/ She `said she was in a hurry./ She `told me she `hadn`t time./ She `doesn`t like plums, doesn`t she? should /??d/
What should I say?/ We should `get there `early by `that train./ You should be careful, my boy./ I should be `much obliged to you.(我非常感谢你)/ `Everyone should `try to do good.(大家都应该做好事)
some /???,??/
Would you `like some milk?/ I`ve got some letters for you ./ `Give him some more./ Have you `got some `good coffee?/ He `bought some eggs, some bacon and some bread.
than /???/
It`s `bigger than I thought./ `That`s `more than I want./ `That`s `more than enough./ `Don`t `eat `more than your share.(别吃得过量)
that/???/
He `said that he was late./ I `told him that he was lazy./ Well, `this is the `best that I can do.
them /??m/
I`ll `give them back./ We `saw them yesterday./ `Please `hand these pens to them./ `Give then my regards.(代我向他们问好)/ `If I see them, I`ll `tell then what happened.
there /??/
There`s a `club a`round the corner.(拐弯处有个俱乐部)/ `Is there a can`teen here?(这儿有吃饭的地方吗)/ There was a `strange l`ook in his eyes.(他眼中流露出一种奇异的神情)/ `Oh dear, there isn`t `any `bread left.
to /??,??/
I `want you to `work hard./ They `went to the zoo./ Do you `want to go? `Oh, yes, I`d love to./ `Last `year they `went to India.
us/??/
They `told us to go./ I `wonder if they saw us./ `Let`s `go out now./ They `gave us a `cordial welcome.(他们热情欢迎我们)
was /??s/
`What was he saying?/ Was` anyone hurt?(有人受伤了吗)/ `That was splendid./ He `said his `friend was an artist./ `What was his `expla`nation?
we /??/
We `saw him there, didn`t we?/ `What shall we do?/ We`ll `go tomorrow./ We`d `like a drink./ We`ve `not `much time./ `Why are we waiting?
were /??/
The `boys were busy./ They were `all at home./ `What were you doing?/ There were `several foreigners here./ `Why
were you so angry with him?
would /???,?/
`What would you like?/ `What would be the `best thing to do?/ `John would help you if you asked him./I`d do it if I could./ We`d `love to go./ You`d succeed if you tried.(只要坚持你就会成功)
VIII.Reading Materials for the Practice of Pausing
1
`Unlike the aeroplane,/ `helicopter can `fly `straight `up and down.// It can `hover and a`light on the ground / as `gently as a `bird `settles in a tree.// An `aeroplane `travels `very fast / `even when it is `coming down ,/ so it `needs a very large `field to `land in.// A` helicopter `cannot `carry as `many passengers,/ but it can `land in a `very `small space.// It can `even `land safely on the `flat `roofs of buildings.
2
The `year has `four seasons :/spring,/ summer,/ autumn and winter.// There are `twelve months:/January,/ February,/ March,/ April,/ May,/ June,/ July,/ August,/ September,/ October,/ November and December.
A `month has `thirty or thirty-`one days.// `February has `twenty-eight days,/ and twenty-`nine in a leap year.// A `week has seven days:/ Monday,/ Tuesday, / Wednesday, / Thursday , / Friday / Saturday and Sunday .
The `day has `twenty-`four hours, / an hour `sixty minutes / and a minute `sixty seconds.
3
An `airport is a `very `busy place,// Be`sides the `long `runways `needed by planes / when `coming `in to land or when `taking off, /there are `many im`portant buildings on it.// These are `all `near one another , / and the `most im`portant `one is the con`trol tower, / from `which `signals by `wireless are made / to ar`riving and de`parting planes.// There are `also hangars / where `planes are `kept un`til they are needed / and where they can be `overhauled and repaired, / `waiting room for passengers, / `customs offices,/ restaurants, / and `very `often a hotel.// If the `airport is some `distance from a town or a `railway station, / `buses may be `provided for the con`venience of passengers.
New Words
aeroplane /`?????●??? /n. 飞机helicopter /`??●??????/ n . 直升飞机straight /??????/ ad. 直接地hover /`?? ?/ v. 盘旋
alight /?`●???/ v. 降落gently /`?????●?/ ad. 轻轻地
settle /`???●/ v. 飞抵,飞下passenger /`????????/ n. 乘客
space /?????/ n. 空间roof /????/ n. 房顶
leap year闰年airport /`??????/ n. 飞机场
runway /`??????/ n. 跑道land /●???/ v. 着陆
take off 起飞control tower控制塔
signal /`?????●/ n. 信号wireless /`????●??/ n. 无线电
arriving and departing planes抵达机场的或离开hangar /`????/ n. 飞机库
起飞的飞机overhaul /`???????●/ v. 大检修
repair /??`???/ v. 修理customs offices海关
hotel /???`??●/ n. 旅馆distance /`???????/ n. 距离
provide /???` ???/ v. 提供convenience / ??` ???????/ n.方便Exercises Mark the places where pauses should be made:
1
Much of the paper we use is made from trees. Woodsmen go into the forest and cut down the trees. Other men cut the
trees into logs which are taken to the paper mill. There large saws cut the logs into very small pieces about sixteen inches long. These are then cut into very small pieces by many sharp knives. Now large vats which look like big flat barrels receive the small pieces. In these vats the pieces are made into what is called pulp. This pulp is laid on copper nets and run between heavy hot rollers that press it into paper. At last, after going between many rollers,much of the paper is wound into rolls and placed in a storehouse ready to be used.
woodsman /`???????/ n. 伐木工forest /`??????/ n. 森林
log /●??/ n. 圆木saw /???/ n. 锯子
inch /????/ n. 英寸vat / ??/ n. 大桶
barrel /`????●/ n. 圆桶pulp /??●?/ n. 纸浆
copper /` ???/ n. 铜net /???/ n. 网状物
roller /`???●?/ n. 滚筒press /????/ n. 挤，压
wound /?????/ v. 弯曲（动词wind的过去分词）storehouse /`????????/ n. 仓库
2
Have you ever seen a forest fire?It is a terrifying thing to see the flames run along the ground licking up the leaves and dead branches.No wonder those whose homes are near gather quickly to fight the fire.If the fire cannot be stopped,these people will lose everything .water can seldom be used to put out a forest fire for most of the time water is not available.Instead of using water the men fight fire with fire.With hoes,shovels,and rakes they make a broad,chean path through the forest some distance ahead of the fire.Then they set “backfires”along that side of this clean path which lies toward the coming fire.These backfires burn slowly toward the main fire.when they meet both must die out for lack of fuel.
flame /?●???/ n. 火焰lick /●??// v. （火焰等）掠过，吞没
branch /???????/ n. 树枝put out扑灭
available /?` ??●??●/ a. 可以得到的，在手边的hoe /???/ n. 锄头
shovel /`????●/ n. 铲子
rake /????/ n. 耙子backfire / `???????/ n. 回火（以火灭火）
fuel /?????●/ n. 燃料
3
Most of us like to eat potatoes.But most people do not know what part of the potato is best for food.Take a sharp knife and cut from the middle of the potato a slice as thin as paper.Hold the slice between your eyes and the light.You will see that the potato has a skin,an outside rim,and an inside part.The outside rim which is immediately beneath the away with the skin.Even the skin itself is better for food than the inside.When eating a baked potato,if you scoop out the inside and leave the outside you are wasting the best part of it.If you cannot eat the whole potato,eat the outside rim and leave the inside.
New Words
potato /??`??????/ n. 土豆slice /?●???/ n. 片
skin /????/ n. 皮，壳rim /???/ n. (圆形物的）边
valuable /` ?●????●/ a. 宝贵的baked potato烤土豆
scoop /?????/ v. 挖
4
A boatman wanted to cross a river.He had to take with him a goat,a wolf and a basket of cabbage.His boat was so small that he could tak e only one of them at a time. “If I leave the wolf and the goat together,the wolf may eat the goat,”he said to himself. “If I leave the goat and the cabbage together,the goat may eat the cabbage.”What did the boatman do to solve the problem?
The solution:First of all the boatman took the goat across in the boat.He left the wolf and cabbages quite safely on the bank,because wolves do not eat cabbages.Then he came back and took the cabbagaes across.He left them on the other bank and came back with the goat because he could not leave the goat with the cabbages.Then he left the goat behind and took the wolf acros .He left the wolf on the other bank with the cabbages and then came back to fetch the goat.In this way he
took them all across safely.
boatman /`???????/ n.船夫cross/ ???/ v.渡过
goat /????/ n.山羊wolf /??l?/ n.狼
cabbage /` ?????/ n.白菜solve /??l / v.解决
problem /`????l??/ n.问题bank /????/ n.岸
fetch /????/ v.带走safely /`????l?/ ad.平安无事地
IX. Exercises for Liaison
1.Consonant+Vowel
Come in / work out/ good idea/ think of it/ read it again/ speak English/ first of all/ not at all/ all of us/ look at it/ pick it up/ put it on/ take it along/t ake it away/ leave it alone/ an hour /an egg/ an end/ in an hour/ in August / in an instant/ put on/ put it on/ put it up /let him in / best of all/ take it out/ back in a minute/ an hour and a half/ one of us/ make it up /a cup of tea/ a bottle of ink / a bowl of rice /a box of sweets/ keep on/ above all/ stand up/ take off/ take it off
2.?-linking
There is/ there are / our own / more over/ for ever/ after all/ far away/ here and there/ father and mother / remember it/ for instance /later on/clear enough /for a moment /for an hour/ ]
3.Vowel+Vowel
I am / you are / she is / go out ./ any other / too often / go on / try it / try again / throw away / no objection / very interesting / highly important / day in and day out / go away / no end / see off / stay up / we agree / May I/ who else / how old
X.Stress
1.Word Stress
1)Single Stress
a. `modern（现代的）`people `industry （工业）`policy （政策）`ordinary `agriculture (农业)
b. be`gin suc`cess(成功) ad`vantage（利益）re`public（共和国）a`cademy （学院）de`mocracy （民主）con`temporary （当代的）vo`cabulary（词汇）
2）Uneven (Primary & Secondary)Stress
`maga`zine `inter`fere（干涉）`ante`cedent （先行的）
`mathe`matics（数学）`conti`nuity(连续性)
`uni`versity `excita`bility（兴奋性）fa`mili`arity(熟悉)
3）Double (even)Stress
`Chi`nese `thir`teen `bourgeoi`sie(资产阶级)
`Indo`nesie(印度尼西亚) `Ale`xander(亚历山大)
2.Stress Shifts
1)Rhythmical Stress
2) Contrasting Stress
3.Sentence Stress
1 )content words(nouns,notional verbs,adjectives,adverbs,demonstrative and emphatic pronouns,interrogative words,interjections)are usually stressed.
Honesty is the best policy.(诚实是上上之策)/He would die rather than yield.（他宁死不屈）/It’s better to be to early tha n to be too late.（宁可早到也不要迟到）/Better to do well than to say well.（说得好不如做得好）/Better late than never.（迟到总比不到好）/This (that) will do you good./Whose are the magazine?/What’s the use of gurmbling?(抱怨有何用)
2）Structural Words(articles,personal,reflexive and reciprocal pronouns,monosyllabic prepositions and conjunctions ) are customarily unstressed .
A rose is a beautiful flower./The strong should help the weak.(强者应助弱者)/They went arm in arm.（他们臂挽着臂一起走着）/That’s the man who helped me ./She studies from morning till night ./This is the best that I can do./That’s more than enough./Do you know who will be there?/What can I do to help you ?/ I must make a note of it.
3）But for such reasons as rhythm, emphasis,contrast,repetition,parentheses,etc.,structural words may receive different degrees of stress ,while content words may lose theirs.
a. A content word,which normally has sentence stress,appearing for the second time in a sentence or in a short context,is not
stressed. Study as Lenin studied./Do as the teacher does./She passed the door of a large shop/Suddenly,she decided to enter that door./Go home and stay home ./Is it a new town ?No,it’s an old town ./What is pink ?A rose is pink ./What’s blue?The sky is blue./ All is well that ends well.（结果好，就一切都好）/No news is good news.(没有消息就是好消息)
b. The word SO, used as a prop word to stand for a whole statement, has no sentence stress.
Is he coming? I don’t think SO.
c. The word “such” and the expressions “that kind of” and “that sort of”, when they refer to adjectives already mentioned, are unstresse
d.
It was a difficult task. We learn a lot from such tasks./Yes,we should highly value that kind of task.(我们该重视这种工作了)/ On the contrary ,we often try to avoid that sort task .（恰恰相反，我们总是躲避这种工作）/What a delicious apple .I like such apples.
d. The nouns “person”,”fellow”, “thing”, “matter”, “business”, and “place”, when they refer to a person or thing just mentioned,are unstressed .These words are usually preceded by a qualifying adjective which is stressed.
Zhang’s the finest person I know . / Do you know John ? He’s a charming fellow.(他是个可爱的人)/Envy is a terrible thing .(嫉妒是件可怕的事)/Learn those idiomatic ways of saying things.(要学会那些习语表达方式)/Why don’t you explain the matter?/I don’t understand the affair ./That’s a terrible business.(这事办得糟透了)/ Dalian is a delightful place. It’s one of the best places for a summer holiday .
e. The phrases “a sort of” and “a kind of ”, when used indefinitely are unstressed just as the indefinite pronoun “some ”is.
There was a sort of curiosity in his voice. (他的声音中透着好奇) /They came to a kind of agreement./ At first, we thought the book boring. But later, we found a sort of interest in it. (开始我们觉得这本书没意思,后来却发现有点意思)
f. The adverb “again ”,when it means “a second time”, “another time ”or “once again ”,is stressed .But when it is used as an intensifier to emphasize a contrast ,it is not stressed.
He has gone out and come back again. /After reading a book, put it back on the shelf again. /He was sick and is well again. / Welcome home again.
g. The word “street” in names of streets is never stressed.
Downing Street(but York Road)(英国伦敦唐人街[英首相官邸所在地])Tenth Street (but Fifth Avenue)/Wang Fujing Street (But Sanhuan Road)
h. In the phrases “and so forth” and “and so on ”, the final adverbs “forth” and “on” are not stressed.
And so forth. / And so on.
Rhythm causes variations in word stress. In words of two syllables having two stresses, the first of the stressed syllables loses its stress when immediately preceded by another stressed syllable.
The number of men was eighteen. /The Chinese people won the victory.
i. Similarly, due to the influence of rhythm, many compound adjectives with two stressed receive even stress when they are predicative and only one stress when they are attributive .
The teacher of the school was kind-hearted. /The kind-hearted teacher understood the difficulties of the pupils. /When I
returned home after ten years, my mother was white-haired. / I was overjoyed to see once more my white-haired mother.
XI. Rhythm
1.Exercises for Rhythm
1)/OO/
`time’s `up (时间到了)/`make `haste(赶快)/`next `week /`work `hard/`good `work/`well `done(干得很好)/`that’s `true/`hold `on(坚持住)/`all `right /`that’s `all/`not `yet /`please `do/`oh, `no/`yes, `please/`no,`thanks
2)/O o O/
`never `mind/`wait and `see /`leave at `once /`come a`long /`hurry `up/`practise `hard /`word by `word(逐字)/`try it `out /`carry `on/`heart and `soul (全心全意)/`let me `see/`good i`dea /`ring me `up (给我打电话)/`what a `crowd /`quite a `bit /`thanks a `lot /`out of `date(过时了)/`hard and `fast(牢固稳定的)
3)/O o O o/
`wait a `moment/`let’s get `started (咱们开始吧)/`wait a `minute/`time is `precious/`let me `help you /`glad to `see you /`come and `help me /`glad to `hear it /`quite a `lot of /`go and `get it/`just i`magine
4)/o O o O/
the `latest `new(最新消息)/a `waste of `time (浪费时间)/a `lot of `noise /a `better `chance /You’re `late for `lunch./I’d `like to `come ./I’m `sure you `will./I’ll `see you `off.(我给你送行)/It’s `hard to `say ./It `doesn’t `work./I’ve `no `idea./Our `time is `up ./It `sounds so `strange.
5)/O o o O/
`lots to be `done/`Lend me a `hand.(帮我一下忙)/`get in the `crop (收割庄稼)/`clear it a`way /`bring him a`long /`once in a `while(有时)/`hardly e`nough/`nothing at `all/`just for a `while/`drop me a `line (给我写封短信)/`send it by `mail/`right over `there/`not in the `least(一点也不)
6)/O o O o O/
`carry it a`way/`everything is `clear/`follow my ad`vice(听我的劝告)/`bring along your `friend/`see you in a `week/`try to be in `time(尽量及时)/`come and have a `look/`leave it on the `desk/`cut it with a `knife
7)/o O o O o/
I’m `glad to `see you./You’re `always `welcome./I `hope you `like it./I’d `like to `hear it./I `beg your `pardon./You’d `better `hurry./I’m `very `sorry./It `doesn’t `matter.
8)/o O o o O o o/
I’ll `borrow a`nother one./You’ll `get it on `Saturday./They’ve `all gone on `holiday.(他们都去度假了)/It’s `very un`fortunate./Per`haps you’ve `heard of it ./Let’s `open the `other one./The `price has gone `up again.(价格又涨了)
9)/o O o o o O o o o/
It’s `not the one I`borrowed from you./He `didn’t think It `interesting./Re`member what your `teacher told you./
I `took it to a `watch repairer./He `didn’t want to `talk about it.
10)/o O o o o O o o o O/
I `think it was an `excellent idea.(我想这是个好主意)/There `isn’t really `quite enough for `two./The `bus is more con`venient than the `train./They `finished it the `day before she `came ./We `haven’t got an `envelope to `match.(找不到一个般配的信封)/I `shouldn’t be sur`prised if she for`got.
2.Poems for Rhythm Practice
1) `Bed in Summer
In `winter I `get `up at night
And `dress by `yellow candle-light.
In summer, `quite the other `way.
I `have to `go to `bed by day.
I `have to `go to `bed and see.
The `birds `still `hopping on the tree,
Or `hear the `grown-up `people’s feet
`Still `going `past me in the street.
And `does it `not `seem `hard to you,
When `all the `sky is `clear and blue ,
And `I should `like so `much to play,
To `have to `go to `bed by Day?
New Words
dress/????/ v.穿衣服candle/` ???l/ n.蜡烛
light/l??t/ n 光grown-up /`?r???` ??/ n 成人，大人
2）When the `wind is `in the East
It’s `good for `neither `man nor beast ;
When the `wind is `in the North
The `skilful `fisher `goes not forth;
When the `wind is `in the `South
It `blows the `bai t in the `fish’s mouth;
When the `wind is `in the West
`Then it’s `at its `very best.
New Words
Neither /`?????/ a.两者都不neither…nor … 既不…也不…
skilful /`???l??l/ a.熟练的fisher /`????/ n渔民.
forth /`????/ ad向前. blow /?●??/ v吹(走)
bait /???t/ n. 鱼食(饵) at…very best 在…最好的时候
3)`Spring, the `sweet Spring ,is the `year’s `pleasant king;
Then `blooms `each thing ,then `maids `dance in a ring,
`Cold doth `not sting ,the `pretty `birds `do sing _
`Cukoo,`jug-jug,`pu-we,to-`witta-woo.
By Thomas Nashe
New Words
The year’s pleasant king 原意为”一年中愉快的皇帝”,此处指”春天是一年中最令人愉快的季节” bloom/?l???/ v.开花
Sting/?t??/v. 刺人maid/????/ n. 女孩子，少女
Ring/r??/ n. 圈
Cukoo,jug-jug,pu-we,t-witta-woo 杜鹃、夜莺等的鸣叫声
4)I am coming, `little maiden,
With the `pleasant `sunshine laden,
With `honey for the bee,
With the `blossom for the tree.
`Every `little `stream is bright,
`All the `orchard `trees are white,
And `each `small and `waving shoot,
`Has for `thee `sweet flowers or fruit.
New Words
Maiden /`me?dn/n.少女pleasant /`pleznt/a.愉快的
Sunshine /`s?n?a?n/n.阳光laden /`le?dn/a. 充满的
Honey /`h?n?/n. 蜂蜜bee /bi:/n.蜜蜂
Blossom /`bl?s?m/n. 花stream /stri:m/n.小溪
Bright /bra?t/a.欢快的,明亮的orchard /` ????d /n.果园
Waving /`we?v??/a. 飘扬的shoot /?u:t/n.枝,芽
Thee /??:/pron.(古)你
5)`Evening red and `morning grey,
`Send the `traveller on his way;
`Evening `grey and `morning red,
`Bring the `rain u`pon his head.
New Words
Grey /????/a. 灰色的traveler/????l?/n.旅行者
6)Mayfair
Will you `go along `with me to `shepherd Market?
It’s `there they `hold the `merriest `Fair in Ma y.
Will you `go along `with me to `shepherd Market?
In a `pair of `red –heeled `slippers `very gay?
I’ll `pick a `bunch of `cowslips for your bodice,
And I’ll `tie a `yellow `ribbon in your hair,
If you’ll `go along `with me to `Shepherd Market
And `dance me `round the `Maypole at May-Fair.
By Eleanor Farjeon
New Words
Mayfair /`?????? /n.五月集市shepherd / `?e???/n牧羊人
Market /`??????/n.集市hold /???l?/v.举行
Merriest /`?e???s?/a.merry的最高级fair /?e? /n.集市
Red-heeled /`?e?`?i:l?/a.红色鞋跟的slipper /`?l??? /n.拖鞋,便鞋
Gay/???/a.快乐的bunch/??n?? /n.束,串
Bodice /`?????/n.(妇女的)紧身围腰cowslip /` ??zl??/n.立金花
Tie/?a?/v.系,栓,扎ribbon /`????n/n.缎带
Maypole /`??????l/n. 用花和彩条装饰的五月柱(供少年男女跳舞用)
7) `January `brings the snow, `makes our `feet and `fingers glew.
`February `brings the rain, `thaws the `frozen lake again.
`March `brings `breezes `loud and shrill, `stirs the `dancing daffodil.
`April `brings the `primrose sweet, `scatters `daisies at our feet.
`May `brings `flocks of `pretty lambs `skipping by their `fleecy dams.
`June `brings tulips, lilies, roses, `fills the `children’s `hands with posies.
`Hot `July `brings `cooling showers, apricots and gilly-flowers.
`August `brings the `sheaves of corn, then the `harvest `home is borne.
`Warm Sep`tember `brings the fruit, `sportsmen then be`gin to shoot.
`Fresh Oc`tober `brings the pheasant, `then to`gether `nuts is pleasant.
`Dull No`vember `brings the blast, `then the `leaves are `falling fast.
`Chill De`cember brings the sleet, `blazing `fire and `Christmas treat.
New Words
glow/?l??/ v. 发热thaw/ ?? / v. 融化
frozen/`?r??zn/ a. 冻冰的breeze/???z/ n. 微风
shrill/ /?r?l/ a. 出尖声的stir/?t : / v. 摇动
daffodil/`??????●/ n. 黄水仙primrose/`?r??r??z / n. 樱草花scatter/ `?k?t?/ v. 散布daisy/`?e?z? / n. 雏菊
flock/?l? / n. (鸟,羊)群lamb/l??/ n. 小羊羔
skip/????/ v. 跳fleecy/ `?l??s?/ a. 覆盖羊毛的dam/???/ n. 母兽tulip/`t u:l??/ n. 郁金香
lily/`l?l?/ n. 百合花rose/`r??z / n. 玫瑰花
posy/`???z?/ n. 花束cooling/` u:l?? / a. 凉爽的shower/`????/ n. 阵雨apricot/???r???t/ n. 杏树gilly-flower/`??l?fl??? / n. 紫罗兰花sheave/???v /n. 捆, 束corn/ ??n /n. 玉米borne/ ????/ a. (此处指) 运送sportsman/ `????ts???/ n. 运动员到家的
shoot/ ?u:t / 射击pheasant/`?????/ n. 野鸡
gather nuts 摘坚果dull/??l /a. 萧条的
blast/?l ?st /n. 疾风chill/t??l/ a.寒冷的
sleet/?l??t / 雨夹雪blazing/`?l??z?? / a. 燃烧着的Christmas/` r?s??s / n. 圣诞节treat/????t / n.请客(吃饭)
普通话发音训练
普通话发音训练 1、纠正喔鹅音混淆（o,e） 说到唇音双唇碰，喔鹅元音要分清，喔音口形往前撮，不能光是下唇动，鹅音微笑牙打开，声位靠后喉震动。 玻坡摸b,p,m绕口练习： 风雨瓢泼 老婆婆用簸箕来把麦子簸，簸去糠壳磨面再去蒸馍馍，老伯伯把菠萝装进大笸箩，卖了菠萝再去买那香饽饽，忽然一阵风雨雷电似瓢泼，把伯伯婆婆的计划全打破，吹跑了簸箕里的麦子淋湿了磨盘上的面，浇烂了笸箩里的菠萝泡坏了香饽饽。。。。。。老婆婆摸着脖子气得两眼直冒火，老伯伯抡着胳膊急得嗓子赛破锣。 菠萝和萝卜 南面坡过来个老婆婆，俩手托着俩笸箩，北面坡过来个老伯伯，拿着
菠萝和萝卜，老婆婆的俩笸箩装的也是菠萝和萝卜，老伯伯想把菠萝和萝卜也装进老婆婆的俩笸箩。 男民兵女民兵 民兵排民兵多，男女民兵紧急集合奔北坡，男民兵不比女民兵少，女民兵也不比男民兵多。男民兵拉着炮车装填瞄准练习发炮，女民兵挖坑埋药点燃导火索搞爆破。男民兵夸奖女民兵爆破成绩不错，女民兵称赞男民兵射击本领竖起大拇哥。 白平板拜判官 白平板拜判官，城隍庙里为了难。左边拜了王判官，右边又拜了庞判官。也不知是王判官管庞判官呢，还是庞判官管王判官？烧香许愿左顾右盼忙坏了白平板。 板凳和扁担 扁担长，板凳宽，板凳没有扁担长，扁担没有板凳宽，扁担要绑在板凳上，板凳不让扁担绑在板凳上，扁担偏要绑在板凳上。
绑扁担 长扁担比短扁担长半扁担，短扁担比长扁担短半扁担。长扁担和短扁担要绑在板凳上，板凳不能绑比长扁担短半扁担的短扁担，也不能绑比短扁担长半扁担的长扁担。 评标兵 民兵排评标兵，一班的标兵二班的标兵。。。。。。 八班的标兵共评比八名标兵上北京。 以上的绕口令，即纠正喔鹅o,e音的混淆，又是唇音咬字练习的材料。 2、纠正喝佛音混淆（h,f） 唇齿音 h音字例 和好，呵护，合伙，呼唤，互换，互惠，胡混，缓和，欢呼，浩瀚，
语音学复习资料
一：名词解释 1．声源：因振动而发声的物体叫做声源 2．振幅：空气质点振动幅度叫做“振幅”，即空气质点在振动时离开平衡位置的最大偏移量。 3．基音：组成复音的各个纯音振幅不同，频率也不同，其中频率最低、振幅最大的叫基音。 4．共振：如果两个物体的固有频率相同，其中一个在外力的作用下发出声音，另一个物体受到相同频率的空气质点运动的影响，也会发出声音来，这种现象叫做声音的共振（共鸣）。 5．浊音生源：气流通过声门时，使声带颤动，产生周期性声波，就是浊音。 6．紊音声源：发音器官的某一部分紧缩成非常窄小的通路，气流通过时形成紊乱的湍流，产生嘶嘶的噪声，就是紊音。 7．瞬音声源：发音器官的某一部分紧缩到完全不让气流通过，使气流产生比较强的压力，然后突然放开，气流瞬时间冲出去，产生一种非常短暂的瞬时爆破音。 8．开放型音段：气流从喉腔、咽腔进入口腔从唇腔出去时，这些声腔完全开放，气流能够顺利通过，这样产生的最小音段就是开放型的。 9．封闭性音段：如果这条通路的某一部分封闭起来，气流被阻不能畅通，这样产生的最小音段就是封闭型的。 10．半元音：如果发音时开口度很小，接近于封闭状态，气流外出时只受到极轻微的阻碍，这时发出来的声音就是介于元音和辅音之间的声音。这种处于元音和辅音之间的声音可以称为“半元音”。 11．单元音：不和其他元音结合就能在音节中单独存在的元音叫做单元音。 12．塞音：持阻阶段阻碍完全闭塞，使气流无法通过，声音短暂间歇，维持到除阻阶段，阻碍突然放开，气流骤然冲出，形成极为短暂的瞬音。 13．擦音：持阻阶段阻碍并不完全闭塞，让气流挤出去形成湍流，产生紊音。 14．塞擦音：成阻阶段阻碍完全闭塞，气流无法通过；进人持阻阶段后阻碍略略放松，让气流挤出去产生摩擦，形成一种先塞后擦的音，称为“塞擦音”。 15．鼻音：成阻阶段口腔里形成的阻碍完全闭塞，但软腭下降，打开气流通往鼻腔的通路，在持阻阶段气流能顺利从鼻腔出去，形成鼻音。 16．边音：舌尖形成阻碍不让气流通过，但舌头两边或一边留出空隙，让气流从舌边流出，这样发出的声音称为“边音”。 17．颤音：发音器官中双唇、舌尖和小舌的肌肉都具有一定的弹性，当气流通过时这些部位受气流冲击产生颤动，发出来的声音就是“颤音”。 18．闪音：如果舌尖不是连续颤动而只是弹动一次，轻轻一闪，就是舌尖闪音。 19．通音：持阻阶段口腔的通路接近于开放，气流通过时只产生极轻微的摩擦，甚至可以没有摩擦，称为“通音”或“无擦通音”。 20．复元音：一个音节内部，两个或者三个元音相连而组成的元音群。 21．复辅音：一个音节内部，由两个或者三个辅音相连而构成的辅音群。 22．音连：从一个音到另一个音，中间必然经历的过渡阶段，叫做音联，又叫做音渡。 23．声调：音高是言语中不可缺少的物理因素，具有区别音节意义的音高就是“声调”。 24．调类：把一种语言中出现的所有的调值加以归类，的出来的类别就是调类。 25．语流音变：语流内的一连串音紧密连接，发音部位和发音方法不断改变，有时因前后音互相影响，使语音发生明显的临时变化，这种语音变化就是“语流音变”。 26．同化作用：不相同的音在语流中相互影响变得发音相同或相似，这种音变称为同化
声音训练方法
声音训练方法 第一、口部训练 口腔灵活，说话才利索。有没有感觉早晨起来说话没有下午或者晚上那么顺当？当然了，嘴巴肌肉休息了一晚上，当然没那么灵活。所以做做口腔体操，帮助我们更好地使用嘴巴—— 1、口的开合练习 张嘴象打哈欠，闭嘴如啃苹果。开口的动作要柔和，两嘴角向斜上方抬起，上下唇稍放松，舌头自然放平。做这个练习，克服口腔开度的问题。 2、咀嚼练习 张口咀嚼与闭口咀嚼结合进行，舌头自然放平。 3、双唇练习（这个练习还有助于女孩子美唇啊，呵呵） 双唇闭拢向前、后、左、右、上、下，以及左右转圈双唇达响 4、舌头练习 舌尖顶下齿，舌面逐渐上翘 舌尖在口内左右顶口腔壁，在门牙上下转圈 舌尖伸出口外向前伸，向左右、上下伸 舌在口腔内左右立起 舌尖的弹练，弹硬腭、弹口唇 舌尖与上齿龈接触打响 舌根与软腭接触打响 第二、气息控制训练 没有气息，声带不能颤动发声。但只是声带发出声音是不够的。想要嗓音富于弹性、耐久，需要的是源源不断供给声带气流。我在这里给大家介绍一些气息控制的方法，帮助大家控制气流，进而控制声音。 一、胸腹联合呼吸法 吸气后两肋扩大，横膈膜下降，小腹微收。 胸腹联合呼吸法是朗读时应该掌握的方法。这种呼吸活动范围大、伸缩性强，可以使气息均匀平衡。理想的状态是做到“吸气一大片、呼气一条线；气断情不断，声断意不断”。 练习方法： 1、慢吸慢呼 总体的要求——站稳，双目平视前方，头正，肩放松，象在旷野呼吸花香一样，慢慢吸足气。要感觉到腰腹之间充气膨胀，气入丹田，但是要收小腹。保持几秒后，轻缓呼出。 可以在呼气的时候加入以下练习：呼气时练习xiao lan（拼音小兰），一声声渐渐远去；或者数数1、2、3、4……，嘴上用力，发音之间不要闭住声门，不要跑气换气，数得越多越好。 2、快吸慢呼 快速短促地吸气，并保持气息；呼气时缓缓呼出，配合声音，平稳均匀。培训讲课过程经常用到这个方法。呼气时，可以通过以下发声练习： 巴拔把爸低答底大 夸大上声练习：好美满想仰场…… 换气练习：广场上，红旗飘，看你能数多少旗，一面旗，两面旗，三面旗，四面旗，五面旗…… 相声小品里的“数来宝”经常用这个形式，大家可以观察演员的呼吸。
普通话语音基础训练
普通话语音基础训练 第一节普通话声母 教学内容： 声母的分类、发音、辨正及训练。 训练要点： 1.读准各声母，克服方言的影响； 2.声母辨正：z、c、s—zh、ch、sh n—l r—l j、q、x—z、c、s等； 3. 河南方言声母发音辨正。 一、声母的分类：21个声母，分7类 1．双唇音：b p m 2．唇齿音：f 3．舌尖前音：z c s 4．舌尖中音：d t n l 5．舌尖后音：zh ch sh r 6．舌面音：j q x 7．舌根音：g k h 二、声母的发音 1．双唇音： b 作发音示范例：bai bāo bǎo bai biàn bi? bēi bǐ bāo bàn bān bù 背包宝贝辨别卑鄙包办颁布 p作发音示范例：pī píng piān pì pǐ pai p?ng pài pīng pāng piān páng pīn pán 批评偏僻匹配彭湃乒乓偏旁拼盘 m作发音示范例：mǎi mài měi mǎn máng mù mì mì má mù mìng míng mào mì 买卖美满盲目秘密麻木命名茂密 2．唇齿音： f作发音示范例：方法仿佛丰富非法纷纷吩咐夫妇发放发奋防范 3．舌尖前音： Z 作发音示范例：自在 C 作发音示范例：从此层次仓促苍翠参差 S 作发音示范例：思索色素 4．舌尖中音 d作发音示范例：达到等待地点大胆电灯断定单独调动地道 t 作发音示范例：团体探讨淘汰梯田忐忑滔天天体体坛饕餮(tāo tiè) n作发音示范例：恼怒能耐扭捏奶奶 l作发音示范例：力量理论联络历来冷落老练流利劳力玲珑 5．舌尖后音： zh作发音示范例：政治战争指正住宅专职珍珠制止郑州纸张扎针挣扎ch作发音示范例：常常长城出产出差惆怅拆除超车赤诚抽查出场传抄
声带手术后的嗓音训练方法
声带手术后地嗓音训练方法 声带小结和息肉患者虽经手术去除器质性病变,但声音仍不能恢复正常,说明了病理性发声可导致喉肌运动失调,声门关闭不全,而用力喊叫可继发声带器质性病变,这是一互为因果地关系.只去除器质性病变,而不矫治功能性病变疗效必然欠佳或难以持久.因此嗓音训练已越来越成为治疗功能性喉病地主要手段之一. 一、呼吸技巧：腹式呼吸,快吸慢呼，吸气不过满 腹式呼吸，是利用腹部肌肉地收缩而加压地一种深呼吸.腹部肌肉收缩，加大腹压,腹压使膈肌向上推移，增加胸腔压力，从而使肺脏中空气呼出有力. b5E2R。 训练吸气肌肉群地方法： 、憋气地方法做法是先吸一大口气，吸足气后，把气憋住，不要呼出，憋气地时间越长越好.慢慢地可以锻炼出长时间憋气地能力，也就是胸廓固定地能力. p1Ean。 、数数地方法做法是先吸一大口气，吸足气后，把胸廓固定;然后用很轻很细地、仅仅自己能听到地声音数数、、、、、、、、、……一直数到不能再数为止;然后，吸一口气再来，如此反复训练.这样数地数字会越来越多，时间会越来越长.最好能一口气数到以上. DXDiT。 ．平卧位,可将一本书置于小腹部,吸气时鼓肚子,持续一会儿;呼气时收腹,持续一会儿下面两条有声地呼气训练,为我们地声音控制奠定了基础. ()“弹唇”练习:双唇闭合,即用气息冲击嘴唇,使它发出“嘟嘟”地声音,一定要使双唇颤动,更要使唇声响亮.“弹唇”练习应体会地内容是: )用小腹肌慢收缩地感觉压迫气息冲击双唇; )使气息自始至终均匀流动,不能一会儿气多,一会儿气少,均匀是最关键地; )体会你地“弹唇”练习,一口气能弹多长时间,这也是控制气息地关键
练习.另外,“弹唇练习”也可以作为一个声带按摩练习,帮助已疲劳地嗓音尽快恢复健康. RTCrp。 ()“哼鸣”练习:是指用鼻腔共鸣,是为了将来发出较高声音做准备,为高低音地上下连结做搭桥工作地.有了“哼鸣”我们地声音才有光彩.“哼鸣”练习是闭口哼唱,闭口时要感觉口中含一小口水,鼻腔竖起,然后深吸气、哼唱.同样要求气息均匀有动感.鼻腔共鸣,不是鼻音共鸣,它是指通过鼻窦、鼻腔、腭窦产生共鸣,而鼻音则是把声音直接送到鼻子里.切记“哼鸣”时,声音是在鼻腔后上方,眉心处发出,每天可用一个单音延长练习,直到眉心产生振动.当我们做好这些练习,就可进行简单地发声练习. 5PCzV。 二、发声技巧：利用共鸣,使喉头自然放下 把咽喉共鸣腔调整为一头粗一头细，这种共鸣位置，对声音有扩大作用.因此，发声前要把口张大，使后颈部竖起来，使会厌软骨站起来，舌体向下挺起来，使软腭和悬雍垂放下来.形成一根直地管子.声音从声带发出后，向上直接冲到鼻咽顶部，在头顶回旋.这种声音听起来非常洪亮、浑厚，有金属音质.这就是“头声区地发声方法”.检验这个方法是否运用正确，只要在说时摸一摸后脑部和头顶部有无振动感觉就可知道. jLBHr。 第一个练习:母音,作为发声共鸣. (乌)音能有效地放下喉头,给声音上下通畅奠定了基础,再就是母音比较圆,易集中,是别地母音不可替代地.所以我们把它称为模范音,其他母音要尽量在母音地感觉上发出,那么您地声音就会统一而又圆润.我们平时练习音时,要特别注意: ()不压喉头,使喉头 自然放下,可用深吸气来体会喉头放下;()下巴、舌根都要放松,使口咽腔不僵硬;()发音时要感到鼻腔、口腔、胸腔是贯通地,像一根通畅地管道.正确地母音能感到头腔和胸腔都有共鸣地振动.我们平时用一个单音,找我上面所说地感觉.
英语语音训练材料(英语48个音标认读与操练)
英语语音训练材料 英语音标构成(共48个,元音20个,辅音28个)： 一、元音 前元音：[ i: ] [ i ] [ e ] [ ? ] [ i: ] 音标特征:前元音舌位高不圆唇长元音 发音要诀:舌前部抬得最高，牙齿近乎全合。舌尖抵下齿。 舌前部向硬颚尽量抬起,但比汉语普通话“i”音稍低, 没有摩擦。 嘴唇向两旁伸开,成扁平行. 做微笑状,发[ i: ]长音。 注意:“:”是长音符号,长元音往往比它相应的短元音长两倍以上。 发音组合: e ee ea ie ei 代表单词:m e h e w e e ven b ee f ee l br ee ze d ee p fr ee s ea t b ea t l ea d t ea ea t r ea son gr ie f bel ie ve ach ie ve rec ei ve conc ei ve [ i ] 音标特征: 前元音半高音扁平唇短元音 发音要诀: 舌前部比[i:]稍低,比[e]高，舌尖抵下齿,嘴唇扁平分开。
牙床也开得稍大一些比[ i:]稍宽,比[ e ]窄。 上下齿之间的距离大约可以容纳一个小指尖。 使下颚稍稍下垂,舌前部也随之稍稍下降,即可发出短促[ i ]音。发音组合: i 代表单词: s i t b i t k i ck p i ck w i sh 音标对比: [ i: ] [ i ] s ea t s i t b ea t b i t sh ee p sh i p [ e ] 音标特征:前元音半高音不圆唇短元音 发音要诀:舌尖抵下齿, 舌前部稍抬起, 舌后接近硬颚, 比[ i:] 低。 牙床也开得半开半合,比[ i:] 宽,整体做微笑状。 上下齿之间的距离大约相当于一个食指尖。 发音组合: e ea a 代表单词：p e n t e n b e st b e g e gg n e t br ea d h ea ven m a rry a ny m a ny 音标对比：[ i ] [ e ] s i t s e t l i ft l e ft d i d d ea d [?] 音标特征: 前元音低舌音不圆唇短元音 发音要诀: 舌前部最低，双唇向两旁平伸,成扁平行 牙床开的最大。软颚升起, 唇自然开放 上下齿之间的距离大约相当于一个食指加中指。 发音组合: a 代表单词: c a p m a p b a d m a d b a nk th a nk l a mp 音标对比: [e] [?] b e g b a g m e t m a t
语音练习句子
Please have a seat. Please make yourself at home. Eat more fish, less meat. Fish is better for your health. Seeing is believing.I don't believe what I hear.I only believe what I see. I'm proud to be Chinese.I'm proud to be an international Chinese. Feel free to call me if you need my help. You have my phone number. Sweet dreams, see you tomorrow. I believe you can speak good English. I believe you have the talent. I totally agree with you. I enjoy meeting you very much. We can do great things together. I'm afraid I disagree with you.I have a different opinion. If you want to speak good English, you need to repeat, repeat and repeat. This is the only secret. We need to see your passport, please. Sure, here it go. Do you need to see my ID card? No, we only need your passport. Please feel free to call me. Please feel free to look around. Please feel free to ask questions. Please feel free to make yourself at home. Please feel free to drop by. Please feel free to eat some more. Please feel free to call me Li Yang. Please feel free to ask any questions you like. 超级挑战 这次我请客。 Thank you for inviting me to eat. It's my treat this time. Please Let me pay the bill. You can treat me next time we eat. It's been my dream to meet you. I really enjoyed this meal. I really enjoyed speaking with you. Thank you for your time. We should meet every week and eat dinner together. 第二节 /I /
英语语音训练-长元音
英语语音训练-长元音 【发音规则】嘴张大，舌身放平，舌尖离开下齿，舌后部微微打起，下巴放低，轻松发音。 以下这些字母及组合发这个音： [ a: ] a ar al au ear uar 单词： a - f a st cl a ss gl a ss b a sket f a ther r a ther ar - b ar k c ar d f ar m p ar k st ar p ar ty g ar den al - h al f c al m au - l au gh ear - h ear t uar - g uar d守卫；警戒 短语/句子： rather fast a large garden in my heart The car is rather smart. 2. [ ?: ] 【发音规则】舌后缩，舌后部略抬高，双唇收的又圆又小，并向前突出。 以下这些字母及组合发这个音： [ ?: ] a ar or al au aw our oor 单词： a - w a ter ar - w ar or - f or h or se sh or t f or ty sp or t m or e al -b al l f al l w al l t al l au - au tumn aw - l aw our - f our teen oor - d oor fl oor 短语/句子： chalk and blackboard John bought a door. There are four more balls by the wall. Her daughter put some salt in the water. 3. [ ?: ] 【发音规则】舌身平放，舌中部稍抬起，双唇向两旁伸开，上下齿微微张开，嘴成扁平型。 以下这些字母及组合发这个音： [ ?: ] e ea ir or ur era 单词： e - t e rm
英语语音语调大赛练习材料
英语语音语调大赛练习资料-2008级 Choice A 与Choice B 代表的是英式发音 Choice C 与Choice D代表的是美式发音 Choice A–Mr. Brown Speaking: We tend to think of the sweep of history of stretching across many months and years before culminating in decisive moments that we call history. But sometimes the reality is that the defining moments of history come suddenly, and without warning, and the task of leadership then is to define them, to shape them and to move forward into the new world they demand. An economic hurricane has swept the world, creating a crisis of credit and a crisis of confidence. History has brought us now to a point where change is essential. And we are summoned not just to manage our times but to transform them. And our task is to rebuild prosperity and security in a wholly different economic world where competition is no longer just local but it is global, and where banks are no longer national but they are international.（144 words) Choice B–Mrs. Rowling Speaking: You might never fail on the scale I did, but some failure in life is inevitable. It is impossible to live without failing at something, unless you live so cautiously that you might as well not have lived at all – in which case, you fail by default. Failure gave me an inner security that I had never attained by passing examinations. Failure taught me things about myself that I could have learned no other way. I discovered that I had a strong will, and more discipline than I had suspected; I also found out that I had friends whose value was truly above the price of rubies. The knowledge that you have emerged wiser and stronger from setbacks means that you are, ever after, secure in your ability to survive. Such knowledge is a true gift, for all that it is painfully won, and it has been worth more than any qualification I ever earned. （155 words) Choice C–Mr. Gates Speaking I left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of educational opportunities here in this country. And I knew nothing about the millions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing countries. It took me decades to find out. You graduates came to Harvard at a different time. You know more about the world's inequities than the classes that came before. In your years here, I hope you've had a chance to think about how – in this age of accelerating technology – we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them. Imagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and a few dollars a month to donate to a cause –and you wanted to spend that time and money where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving lives. Where would you spend it? （151 words) Choice D–Mr. Obama Speaking
播音主持声音训练
播音主持声音训练 一、常见的不正确发声方法及其纠正 1、喉音 （一）音色 声音闷在厂喉咙里，生硬、沉重、弹性差。 （二）产生原因 这是由于气息短浅，上胸部紧张，同时舌根用力，后声腔开得过大，喉部被撑大，声音停留在喉咽部振动的结果。由于声音停留在喉咽部出不来，也得不到口腔的全面共呜，声音似闷在喉咙里，使声带负担过重。这样嗓子容易疲劳，时间长了就会产生病变。 （三）解决方法 1.舌头的活动部位要正确 应该认识到，舌头的活动部位主要在舌尖及舌的中部。一般的规律应该是舌尖轻抵下齿背，放松舌根、下腭，喉咙保持松弛。 2.两肩放松，调整好呼吸 发音时，头位不要过于压低，气息要有一定的深度，让气息得到控制。另外应该改变音波在口腔中的走向，使它轻轻上提，顺软腭、硬腭这条抛物线到达着力点硬腭前端。 3.用张口吸气或“半打哈欠”的感觉体会喉咙、舌根、下腭放松的感觉 这时由于软腭上提，口腔后部声音的道路通畅无阻，因而也会得到口腔共呜，喉部的负担相对减少。 4.练声中加强唇舌的力量 练习双唇音及舌尖音/b、p、m、d、t、n、l/和韵母相拼的音节。重点练习bi（鼻）、pi（劈）、mi（咪）、滴（di）、ti（梯）、ni（妮）、li（哩），还可练习ji（机）、qi（期）、xi（昔）、nü（女）、lü（吕）、ju（居）、qu（区）、xu（需）。练习时要结合前几条的要求来练。 5.词组练习 翡翠（fěi cuì）、翠绿（cuì lǜ）、明快（míng duài）、 班长（bān zhǎng）、棉花（mián huā）、全家（quán jiā）、 站立（zhàn lì） 6.选择短诗练习 在练声中可选择“言前、一七、灰堆”等辙口的短诗以及古典诗词来练习。如： 一七辙 金陵图韦庄 江雨靠霏江草齐，六朝如梦鸟空啼。 无情最是台城柳，依旧烟笼十里堤。 言前辙 子夜四时歌：春歌李白 秦地罗敷女，采桑绿水边。 素手青条上，红妆白日鲜。 蚕饥妾欲去，王巴莫留连。 2、捏挤 （一）音色
普通话语音练习资料
普通话语音练习资料 A．朗读的要求： 第一．发音正确，吐字清楚。这是朗读最起码的要求。同时，朗读时还应切实遵照原文，不漏字，不添字，不换字，不重复，不破句。 第二．语速适当，流利和谐。要做到快而不乱，慢而不断，有快有慢，缓急结合，才能更清楚传达出文章的内容和发展变化，给人以深刻的印象。 第三．语调生动，轻重相宜。要根据文章内容的需要，分出轻重缓急、抑扬顿挫，在停顿、重音、句调等方面作出适当的处理，才能有力地表达出文章的思想感情。 B．朗读速度的掌握： 1．根据气氛：用较快的速度表现热烈、欢乐、紧张或恐怖的气氛，用较慢的速度表现宁静、庄重、沉闷或凄凉的气氛。 2．根据人物性格：人物语言里年轻人说的话宜快读，老年人说的话宜慢读；开朗活泼、勇敢机智或者狡猾奸诈的人说的话宜快读，诚实淳朴、沉着镇定或愚昧迟钝的人说的话宜慢读。 3．根据人物心情：在心情愉快欢畅、紧张焦急时说话的速度较快，心情沉重悲哀或表示缅怀悼念的心情时说话的速度较慢，表现愤怒地抨击、痛斥敌人时速度应加快。 4．根据文章体裁：对于抒情的诗文，朗读语速不宜过快；而对于慷慨激昂的文章、激情奔放的诗歌，语速则不宜过慢。同时，在同一篇诗文的朗读中，语速的处理也应随着作品中情感的变化而有所变化，绝不能一快到底或一慢到底，这样才能表现出跌宕起伏。 C．朗读语调的处理： 1．升调：朗读语调由平升高。常用于表示反问、疑问、惊异、兴奋、号召等语气。2．降调：朗读语调由平升高。常用来表示肯定、感叹、请求、沉痛、惭愧等语气。3．平调：朗读语调始终保持同样的高低，没有显著变化。常用来表示严肃、庄重、平静、冷淡、思索等语气，不带特殊感情的叙述和说明也用平调。 4．曲调：朗读语调节器先升高再降，或者降低再升，曲折变化。常用来表示含蓄、夸张、反语、讽刺、怀疑、意外惊奇等语气。D．语音辨析： 一．分清卷舌声母zh、ch、sh、r与平舌声母z、c、s的字音 1．单字对比练习： 闸—杂插—擦杀—撒哲—则彻—册设—色纸—紫池—词是—寺摘—栽柴—才筛—鳃找—早超—操少—扫周—邹臭—凑收—艘站—暂产—惨山—三枕—怎臣—岑身—森张—脏昌—仓伤—桑睁—增成—层声—僧主—祖出—粗书—苏浊—昨绰—错说—缩坠—最吹—催睡—岁专—钻串—窜栓—酸谆—尊纯—存吮—损中—宗冲—葱 贼抓刷拽踹摔壮窗爽送谁 2．词语对比练习： 资源—支援阻力—主力大字—大致自理—治理仿造—仿照 杂技—札记宝藏—保障自序—秩序赞歌—战歌自愿—志愿 增光—争光造就—照旧自学—治学综合—中和邮资—油脂 鱼刺—鱼翅粗糙—出操不曾—不成辞藻—池沼就此—臼齿 新村—新春从来—重来册页—彻夜粗布—初步推辞—推迟 木材—木柴擦手—插手祠堂—池塘词序—持续淙淙—重重 短促—短处电磁—电池名册—明澈散光—闪光桑叶—商业 肃立—树立搜集—收集大肆—大事私立—失利四野—视野 形似—形式斯文—诗文桑园—伤员丝绵—失眠走私—走失 俗语—熟语激素—基数夙敌—树敌私刑—施行死结—使节3．zh、ch、sh声母字音和z、c、s声母字音混合练习： 主宰制作治罪沼泽指责贞操政策中餐祝词仲裁诊所周岁竹笋珠算正色赤字插足茶座禅宗超载冲刺成材纯粹春蚕揣测沉思陈诉称颂场所成色沙枣生造擅自上座肾脏赏赐侍从水彩失策顺从神似输送深思誓死申诉自主组织自转遵照总之尊崇嘴唇组成赞成资产资深姿势杂税遭受杂耍存折词缀辞章惨重村镇磁场餐车促成催产凑数
英语语音练习
Unit 1 Basic Concepts: Syllables, Stress & Rhythm Listening Exercise 1 When we learn to speak English, we are learning a new way of listening and speaking. The purpose of this textbook is to try to make your ears sharper for the sounds of English and the way the sounds are organized; to help you get familiar with pitch movements of English utterances and the message it conveys; and to help you improve your English pronunciation and intonation. When you can hear English properly you will be able to improve your spoken English. Listening Exercise 2 In words with two or more syllables in English, one of the syllables will receive more stress than the others. Look up these words in the dictionary and you will see a mark indicating stress in front of this syllable. People often have difficulty understanding these words if the stress is wrong because a word is considered mispronounced if the wrong syllable stress is used. Correct stress is, therefore, as important as correct sounds. Listening Exercise 3 Listen to the following words and underline the primary stress of each word. Example: soft ware Sun day 1.blueprint 2.driveway 3.motorboat 4.textbook 5.beefsteak 6.notebook 7.greenhouse 8.forestfire 9.football 10.paperback Listening Exercise 4 Listen to the pitch change on the long stressed syllables of the following words. Underline the stressed syllable of each of the words. Example: air plane ( 2 ) 1. receive ( ) 2.dictionary ( ) 3.understand ( ) 4. because ( ) 5. considered ( ) 6. mispronounced ( ) 7. correct ( ) 8.important ( ) 9.timetable ( ) 10.textbook ( ) Listening Exercise 5 Listen to the following sentences. Decide how many syllables are in each sentence. Example: They worked all night ( 4 )
语音专项练习(全部文本)
领读音频下载密码：654321 音频文件发送到这个邮件：gavinpronounce@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6f6699460.html,发送成功之后会收到一封自动回复邮件，特别提醒要以附件的格式发送音频文件，别忘了给音频文件命名 语音专项练习1 five [faiv] love [l?v] over ['?uv?] eleven [i'lev?n] twelve [twelv] ship [?ip] she [?i:] finish ['fini?] delicious [di'li??s] short [??:t] show [??u] three [θri:] nothing ['n?θi?]northwest ['n?:θ'west]southeast ['sauθ'i:st] fifth [fifθ]third [θ?:d]birthday ['b?:θdei] month [m?nθ]n.月ninth [nainθ]eighth [eitθ] health [helθ]twelfth [twelfθ]everything ['evriθi?]tooth [tu:θ] pleasure ['ple??] unusual [?n'ju:?u?l] 语音专项练习2 give [ɡiv] above [?'b?v] river ['riv?] very ['veri] heavy ['hevi] vegetable ['ved?it?bl] every ['evri] volleyball ['v?lib?:l] shoe [?u:] n 鞋 sheep [?i:p] n 绵羊sure [?u?]adv&adj的确,一定确信的,肯定的 think [θi?k] v 想,认为mouth [mauθ] n 嘴thirsty ['θ?:sti] adj 口渴的 throw [θr?u] v 投,掷decision [di'si??n] n 决定pleasure ['ple??] n 愉快;高兴 语音专项练习3 five [faiv] love [l?v] have [h?v] expensive [iks'pensiv] never ['nev?] adv November [n?u'vemb?] invent [in'vent] move [mu:v] invite [in'vait] even ['i:v?n] video ['vidi?u] solve [s?lv] clever ['klev?] active ['?ktiv] university [,ju:ni'v?:siti] fish [fi?] station ['stei??n] wish [wi?] delicious [di'li??s] push [pu?] both [b?uθ] thin [θin] decision [di'si??n] pleasure ['ple??] 语音微变化实证研究4 review [ri'vju:] v several ['sev?r?l] 几个；environment [in'vai?r?nm?nt] n 环境however [hau'ev?] 然而invention [in'ven??n] 发明，创造relative ['rel?tiv] n 亲属discover [dis'k?v?] v 发现，发觉serve [s?:v] v 服务prevent [pri'vent] v 防止receive [ri'si:v] v 接受deserve [di'z?:v] v 应得victim ['viktim] n 受害者alive [?'laiv] adj 活着的shine [?ain] v 照亮,发亮rubbish ['r?bi?] n 垃圾；废物rush [r??] v 冲；奔跑ocean ['?u??n] n 海洋shy [?ai]腼腆的shut [??t] v 关shape [?eip]
播音主持语气的训练方法
核心提示：声音形式包括气息、声音、口腔状态三方面要素。这三方面多层次、多侧面的立体变化及多重组合构成了丰富多彩，千变万化的声音形式。一、语气色彩与声音形式不同的感情色彩需要通过不同的声音形式来表现，... 声音形式包括气息、声音、口腔状态三方面要素。这三方面多层次、多侧面的立体变化及多重组合构成了丰富多彩，千变万化的声音形式。一、语气色彩与声音形式不同的感情色彩需要通过不同的声音形式来表现，在两者之间是有一定规律可寻的。张颂先生在《朗读学》（湖南教育出版社 1983年8月出版）中对表现不同感情色彩，气息、声音、口腔状态的特点进行了如下概括: 感情色彩声音形式爱的感情气徐声柔：口腔宽松，气息深长。憎的感情气足声硬：口腔紧窄，气息猛塞。悲的感情气沉声缓：口腔如负重，气息如尽竭。喜的感情气满声高：口腔似千里轻舟，气息似不绝清流。惧的感情气提声凝：口腔象冰封，气息象倒流。欲的感情气多声放：口腔积极敞开，气息力求畅达。急的感情气短声促：口腔似弓箭，飞剑流星；气息如穿梭。冷的感情气少声平：口腔松软，气息微弱。怒的感情气粗声重：口腔如鼓，气息如椽。疑的感情气细声黏：口腔欲松还紧，气息欲连还断。二、语势有声语言的表达是动态的，一个个字，一句句话从我们的口中流淌出来就形成了不断起伏的语流。思想感情的不断运动是语流曲折性的内在力量，口腔、气息、声音的丰富变化是语流曲折变化的关键。语流的曲折性和波浪式，是语气丰富变化的外部特征。我们用语势这个概念来说明语气声音形式的特点。语势：“指一个句子在思想感情运动状态下声音的态势，或者说，是有声语言的发展趋向。这中间，包括气息、声音、口腔状态三大部分。”三、语势的种类语流的曲折变化是丰富的，“语无定势”更说明了语势运用没有什么定律。但我们仍试图将语势的基本形态描述一下，为使大家对语势的曲折性能有直观的了解为的是我们能够在表达中自觉地运用它，使我们的语言更有变化。我们把有声语言的语势归纳为5种基本形态： 1、波峰类。声音的发展态势是由低向高再向低行进。状如波峰。如：“世界上没有花的国家是没有的。”“花”就处于波峰的位置，句头、句尾的词略低。 2、波谷类。声音由高向低再向高发展。即句头、句尾较高，句腰较低，状如波谷。如：“乔治.华盛顿是美利坚合众国的第一任总统。” 3、上山类。声音由低向高发展。即：句头最低，句尾最高，状如登山。不过，有时是步步高，有时是盘旋而上。如：“让暴风雨来得更猛烈些吧！......” 4、下山类。特点是句头最高，而后顺势而下，状如下山。应注意的是它有时是直线而上，有时是呈蜿蜒曲折的态势。如：“就在那年秋天，母亲离我们去了。” 5、半起类。特点是句头较低，而后呈上行趋势，行至中途，气提声止。由于没有行至最高点，所以称为半起。如：“这到底是什么幻景呢？”四、如何避免语势单一目前，播音员、主持人语言表达方面存在的一个问题，即固定腔调的问题。固定腔调最突出的一个特点，就是以不变应万变。在符合语句内容的前提下，为避免单一语势的重复出现，形成固定腔调，我们要掌握以下几点要求： 1、句头起点不宜相同。我们把语势的变化幅度假设为5度，那么，在你说的每句话的开头，起点高度不要一样。 2、句腰波形不宜相同。不要连续使用同一种波形，如果不可避免，应根据语句的具体情况，形成它们的差别。 3、句尾落点不宜相同。每句结束的落点最好不要在同一高度，而且停时声音的轻重缓疾也不宜相同。语气在有声语言的创作中有着重要的作用，对此，需要我们不断的学习和探索。