定语从句
1. 定语从句的结构及理解
2. 定语从句的关系词的使用
3. 定语从句的简化表达
知识总结归纳
(一)定语从句的结构:在复合句中,修饰某个名词或代词的句子(做这个名词或代词的定语)叫定语从句,定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面,被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词,它与定语从句之间要有一个词连接,这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词(关系代词或关系副词:that, which, who, whose, when, where, why)。先行词在定语从句中充当主语,宾语,时间,地点,原因状语。
结构:先行词+关系词+定语从句。
1. There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her.
3. The question that is being discussed is very important.
4. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:4
5.
说明:以上的定语从句部分可以用更加简单的非谓语形式表达出来:
1. The man sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.
2. The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.
3. The question being discussed is very important.
4. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:4
5.
说明:修饰一个名词除了后面用定语从句以外,还可以用非谓语动词形式:doing短语,done短语,being done短语,to be done短语修饰。其结构和意思如下:
1. 被修饰名词+doing短语:正在做….的人/正在发生的事。
2. 被修饰名词+ done短语:被…..的人/事
(1)Do you know the man talking to my sister ?
(2)The “crazy” gesture, moving the index finger in a circle in front of the ear, means “you have a phone call” in Brazil.
(3)Did you see that car being repaired ?
(4)In a camera, the lens must be focused on the object to be photographed.
【典型例题】
[例1] Friendship is needed by all, _____ plays an important role in people’s lives.
A. which
B. that
C. who
D. it
分析:_____ plays an important role in people’s lives为非限定性定语从句修饰先行词Friendship用which连接定语从句。
答案:A
[例2] Uncle Li _____ I worked three years ago has retired now.
A. who
B. whom
C. with whom
D. to whom
了。devote….to sth.关系词前加介词:to
4. A 定语从句_____ I was given an opportunity to act in the play修饰先行词the day :先行词the day在从句中做时间状语:在这一天我得到了扮演一个角色的机会。
5. C 短语_____ tomorrow做定语修饰the question,根据表达的内容:明天即将被讨论的问题。应当用不定式的被动结构做定语。
6. D 短语_____ at the moment做the food的定语,表示:正在做的食物。Being done 做定
语表示:正在被……的……。
7. C 现在分词短语reading under the big tree做定语修饰the teacher 表示:正在大树下看书的那位老师。
情态动词
1. 情态动词的推测表达
2. 情态动词表达虚拟语气
3. 某些情态动词的特殊用法
知识重点与难点总结
知识重点:
情态动词在表达推测意义的句子中的运用:
(一)用情态动词表达事实的推测。can,could,might,may,must可以用来表达对事实的推测。根据说话人对事实的把握性大小,must表示“肯定…”,may / might / can / could表示“可能……”,must只用于肯定句中,may / might的否定式may not / might not表示“可能不……”, 而can / could可以用于疑问句,表示“可能,可能……吗?”,其否定式can’t / couldn’t 表示“不可能”。用情态动词可以对现在或过去的事实进行推测。对不同的时间内容推测有不同的结构。
(二)对现在的事实进行推测:
主要结构:…must / may / might +动词原形
be+名词/形容词/介词短语
be + doing
例句:
1. You must be Jeanne. I’m Mathilde Loisel. We used to know each other very well.
2. They must be in bed already at this time of the night.
3. The teacher must be joking.
4. Freda isn’t in class. She must be sick.
5. There must be something wrong.
6. She might be very clever, but she hasn’t got much common sense.
7. He may be arriving this evening.
8. He may be traveling around the world.
9. The keys can’t be in the room. I have just searched it very carefully.
10
例句:
1. When we were children, we would go swimming every summer in that river.
表示请求,固定的句型:Will/Would you please do…? / Would you like to do…?
例句:Will/Would you please give him a message when you see him ?
shall
1. 用于第一,三人称,表示“请求”;“建议”或“推荐”
例句:
1. Shall we start the meeting now?
2. Shall I watch TV now ?
3. Shall my son carry the case for you ?
2. 用于第二人称,表示“命令,“要求”,“许诺”
例句:
1. You shall take whatever you like.
2. You shall not go to the party with me if you make so much noise again.
在表示推测的否定句或疑问句中,常用can /can’t /could / couldn’t表示,意思是:“可能…吗?”;“…不可能…”。而不能使用mustn’t或must等词。
【典型例题】
1. —Do you think he will do me a favor ?
—As far as I know, he is the last one to help others. He _____ be prepared to give you a hand, though.
A. might
B. must
C. can
D. should
分析:本题考查情态动词推测性用法。根据he is the last one to help others.(他是最不可能帮助别人的人),既然如此,那么“帮助你”的可能性也就最小了。答案为A
2. —Look, someone is coming. Guess who it ____ be ?
—I think it ___ be Tom.
—I don’t think it ___ be ____ .
A. can ; must ; can ; he
B. may ; can ; must ; him
C. must ; can ; must ; his
D. might ; must ; can ; himself
分析:根据备选答案。can表示推测时用于疑问句或否定句中。本题首句就应该是Guess who can it be? 第二句应该是I think it must be Tom.(说话人十分肯定)。第三句表达了说话人对前一个人的否定。即:I don’t think it can be him/he.(不可能是他)。答案为A
3. —Do you know Ms. Wang likes walking after supper ?
—Sure. She ____ around the campus now.
A. must be walking
B. must walk
C. may walk
D. may be walking
分析:关键词Sure告诉我们说话人的口气十分肯定。根据句子语境:她此刻肯定正在校园散步呢。must be doing表示肯定正在做。答案为A
4. —I stayed at a hotel in New York.
—Oh, did you ? You _____ with Barbara.
A. could have stayed
B. could stay
C. would say
D. must have stayed
分析:首句说:我在纽约住在一家宾馆里。在此a hotel是泛指。所以D选项不合题意。第二句在说:你本来可以和Barbara.住在一起的。Could have done表示:本来可以。答案为A
5. Why didn’t you tell me there was no meeting today ? I _____ all the way here through the heavy snow.
A. needn’t have driven
B. can’t have driven
C. mustn’t have driven
D. shouldn’t have driven
分析:根据句意:你为什么不告诉我今天没有会?我本来没必要冒着大雪开车跑这么多路。Needn’t have done表示本来没必要。答案为A
6. I was really anxious about you. You _____ home without a word.
A. mustn’t leave
B. shouldn’t have left
C. couldn’t have left
D. needn’t leave
分析:根据句意:我真的很担心你,你真不应该一句话都不说就离开家。“离开家”已经发生了。Should have done正好表达了本句的意思。答案为B
7. A:Are you coming to Jeff’s party ?
B:I’m not sure. I _____ go to the concert instead.
A. must
B. would
C. should
D. might
分析:根据B的回答:我不一定去,我有可能去听音乐会。Might表示推测:可能。答案为D
8. A:I promise that she ____ get a nice present on her birthday.
B:Will it be a big surprise to her ?
A. should
B. must
C. would
D. shall
分析:A说:“我答应她在生日聚会上她会得到一份生日礼物。shall表示许诺。答案为D
【模拟试题】
1. A:Is John coming by train ?
B:He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car.
A. must
B. can
C. need
D. may
2. Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up.
A. should have arrived
B. should arrive
C. should have had arrived
D. should be arriving
3. Sorry, I’m late. I _____ have turned off the alarm and gone to sleep again.
A. might
B. should
C. can
D. will
4. You _____ be tired—You’ve only been working for an hour.
A. must not
B. won’t
C. can’t
D. may not
5. —I didn’t go to work yesterday afternoon because my car broke down.
—You _____ mine. I wasn’t using it.
A. might borrow
B. could have borrowed
C. can have borrowed
D. ought to borrow
6. —A man answered the phone. I suppose it was her husband.
—It _____ her husband. He has been dead for ages.
A. mustn’t be
B. couldn’t have been
C. may not have been
D. mustn’t have been
【试题答案】
1. 分析:根据B的回答“他应该(坐火车来),但是也不一定,他喜欢开自己的车。本题考查了情态动词的推测用法。may表示不十分有把握的推测。答案为D
2.分析:根据句意:White先生本应该在8:30到这里出席会议的,可他(在8:30)没有到场。Should have done表示:本应该。答案为A
3. 分析:本句是说话人在解释迟到的原因:我或许是关掉闹钟又睡了。might have done 表示对过去的推测:可能已经……答案为A
4. 分析:根据后半句You’ve only been working for an hour.(你才刚干了一个小时)说明
You _____ be tired(你不可能很累),can’t 表示“不可能”答案为C
5. 分析:听到对方说“昨天车坏了而没去上班”,第二个人说“你本来可以借我的车去上班。”本来可以/能:could have done. 答案为B
6. 分析:第二个人是说:那个人不可能是她丈夫,因为她丈夫已经去世多年了。根据对话的语境,是在谈论过去的事,表示过去不可能:could not have done 答案为:B
与it有关的主要句型
it强调句型
知识总结归纳:
(一)it用做形式主语或形式宾语:根据句子结构的需要,it用做形式主语或形式宾语,而真正的主语或宾语(to do 短语,doing短语,名词性从句)则放在句尾。
主要句型:
It’s +形容词/名词+连词+名词性从句
to do sth.
doing sth.
find / make / think / feel it +形容词/名词+连词+名词性从句
to do sth.
doing sth.
例句:
1. It will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English .
2. It’s usual for close frie nds to have similar ideas and beliefs .
3. It’s a pity that I didn’t think of it earlier.
4. It’s no use going there so early.
5. Out teacher thinks it no good learning without practice.
6. Didn’t I make it clear to you that I was not coming ?
7. We found it strange that no one would take the money.
(二)其他句型
1. It takes+时间段+sb.+ to do sth.
2. 表示“据说,据报道,/人们认为/相信/建议等
It’s said that…….
It’s reported that ……
It’s believed/thought/suggested that……
例句:
1. It generally takes time to reach this point—being on the same wavelength .
2. It is believed that the two children went off exploring(探险)on their own and get stuck on the cliff .
3. It’s suggested that we should have a meeting to discuss the problem .
4. It was once predicted(预测)that British and American English would become separate languages finally .
(三)it在强调句型中:在英语中,为了突出强调句子的某一个成分(谓语除外),达到强调或使听话人特别注意这一部分的目的。便形成了一种强调句型。
It is / was+被强调的部分+that / who+句子的其他部分。
It is / was not until+时间+that+句子的其他部分。
例句:
1. I saw John on my way to school this morning.
It was John who/that I saw on my way to school this morning.
It was on my way to school that I saw John this morning.
It was this morning that I saw John on my way to school.
2. It was his best suit that John wore to the dance last night.
3. It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcast began.
4. It was the strange way things looked and sounded in my familiar room at night that frightened me so much .
5. It was the kindness and sympathy in their eyes that prevented me from doing so .
知识难点:
(一)
分析:本题考查it做形式主语的句型:英语正在作为一种国际性语言被接受是一个事实。选择D
5. It was in the small house ___ was built with stones by his father ___he spent his childhood.
A. which ; that
B. that ; where
C. which ; which
D. that ; which
分析:本题考查带有定语从句的强调句型用法。句中:“___ was built with stones by his father的定语从句。被强调的部分是in the small house ___ was built with stones by his father。根据句意:他正是在他父亲用石头盖的房子里度过了他的童年。故选择A
二. 单句改错:
1. That is said that this novel has been translated into several languages.
分析:根据句意:据说这部小说已经被译成多种语言。表示据说,应当说:It is said that…。That改为:It
2. Is this your turn to clean the blackboard ?
分析:根据句意:该轮到你擦黑板了吧?轮到某人做某事:It is one’s turn to do….This 改为:it
3. It is known to everyone, the moon travels around the earth once every month.
分析:表示“众所周知”可以说:It is known to everyone that+陈述句。或:As is known to everyone,+陈述句。It 改为:As, 或去掉“,”加连词that
4. The official made this clear that he would do everything possible to solve the problem.
分析:根据句意:这位官员宣布将尽一切力量解决这个问题。固定结构应当是:make it clear that+陈述句。It在此是形式宾语。This改为:it
5. It was in the park where the old couple told me their love story.
分析:根据句意可以知道本句用了强调句型,强调地点:in the park 所以按照强调句型的结构where改为:that
6. Although we can’t see them, there is air around us.
分析:句中的代词them根据句意应当指代后面的air,但air是不可数名词,因此them 改为:it
三. 翻译句子:
1. 直到星期三我才给办公室去电话。
分析:表达“直到……才……”可以用not…until…引导的时间状语从句;也用强调句型;或倒装句。
翻译:
(1)I didn’t telephone the office until Wednesday.
(2)It was not until Wednesday that I telephoned the office.
(3)Not until Wednesday did I telephone the office.
2. 只有当我们看不清楚的时候,我们才意识到我们眼睛的重要性。
分析:本句可以用强调句表达,也可以用倒装句:
翻译:
(1)It is only when we cannot see perfectly that we realize how important our eyes are.
(2)Only when we cannot see perfectly do we realize how important our eyes are.
3. It was in surgery that the results of that discovery were obtained, and it was there that the battle between the new idea and the old prejudices was fought out most dramatically.
翻译:那些发现的成果是在外科医学中获得的,也正是在那里,新思想与旧偏见用最富有戏剧性的方式展开了战斗。
【模拟试题】
一. 单项选择:
1. Nobody thinks very polite to be always cutting in when another person is talking.
A. that
B. this
C. it
D. there
2. I was disappointed with the film, I had expected to be much better.
A. this
B. that
C. one
D. it
3. He tore up my photo and upset me.
A. this
B. it
C. which
D. what
4. It was with great courage the boy told the truth he had stolen the money.
A. which ; that
B. when ; what
C. as ; that
D. that ; that
5. When I try to find that prevents so many people from taking part in the program, it seems to me that there are two main causes.
A. what it does
B. what it is
C. why it does
D. why it is
6. Nancy is expecting another baby and hopes will be a boy.
A. he
B. that
C. it
D. there
二. 句型转换:
将下列陈述句按划线的内容变为强调句。
1. The children often help their parents do the farm work.
2. In 1993, a tomato was developed that was very different from any grown before.
3. The biggest problem of Chinese farmers is the shortage of arable land.
4. Future agriculture should depend on high technology as well as traditional methods.
三. 阅读理解:
A
It is important to know another language and how to communicate without words when you are in another country. Before saying anything, people communicate with each other by using gestures(手势). However, many gestures have different meanings, or no meaning at all, in different parts of the world.
In the United States, nodding your head up and down means “yes”, while in some pats of Greece and Turkey, it means “no”. In the southeast of Asia, it is a polite way of saying “I heard you”.
Today in the USA, when someone puts his thumb up, it means “Everything is all right.”However, in Greece it is bad. Also putting your clasped(紧握的)hands up above your head means “I am the winner.” It is the sign which players often make. In Russia it is the sign of friendship.
In the USA, holding your hand up with the thumb and index finger(食指), and the other three straight means “Everything is OK.” In France, it means “You are worth nothing.”
It is also important to make eye communication. If you look down when talking to an American, he or she may feel that you are shy, or you are trying to hide something.
Besides these, you should also know there are some topics that can not be talked about, such as age, weight and marriage. You can talk about the weather, work, sports, food, where one lives and news of the day.
1. Which of the following is true?
A. People all over the world only communicate by words.
B. Many gestures either have different meanings or no meanings at all.
C. Gestures are the most common way to communicate.
D. People can talk about anything in another country.
2. In Greece nodding your head means “_________.”
A. Yes.
B. No
C. I heard you
D. I am the winner
3. Putting the thumb up should not be used in _____.
A. Greece
B. the USA
C. England
D. China
4. What does this sentence mean “….your action can speak louder than your words” ?
A. What you do is better than what you say.
B. You try your best to be polite.
C. You are better understood by your gestures than through your words.
D. What you say is better than what you do.
5. The main idea of the passage is that when you are in another country, _____.
A. it is important to know the language.
B .it is important to know what you talk about to a foreigner.
C. to know how to communicate without words is as important as to know the language.
D. to communicate through gestures is more important than to know the language.
B
“In the old days,”as one wife said. “The husband was the husband and the wife was the
wife.” In the past husbands each had their own way of going on. The wives’ jobs were to look after them.
“The wives wouldn’t stand for it nowadays. Husbands help with the children now. They stay more, as well as have more interest, at home.” We shall give some examples of what husbands do, firstly in sharing work with their wives; and secondly, in their largely independent domain(领域)of house repairs.
“Some husbands, as well as doing much of the heavy work in the home, carrying the coals, and emptying the rubbish, act as assistants to their wives for at least part of the day.”Mr. Hammond washes up the dishes every night and lays the breakfast for the morning. Mr. Clark said that on Sunday mornings he usually hovered(吸尘)around and read plays aloud for his wife while she did a bit of washing. Mr. Davis polishes the floors and helps to make the beds at weekend, and during weekdays, takes the dog out for one of his twice-daily walks. So it goes on….
1. The expression “act as assistants to their wives” means that ____.
A. husbands read plays aloud.
B. husbands are paid by their wives.
C. husbands help their wives.
D. husbands look after their sick children.
2. the meaning of the wife’s words at the beginning of the passage were that ____.
A. in the past men stayed at home all day.
B. in the past there was a clear division of role in the family.
C. in the past most boys and girls were married at an early age.
D. in the past wives and husbands lived separately.
3. What does Mr. Davis do at weekends ?
A. He cleans the floors and makes the beds.
B. He reads plays aloud and does the weekly shopping.
C. He cooks food for his wife.
D. He takes the dog out for a walk.
4. In the past, the woman’s main job was to ___.
A. take the children to school.
B. take care of their husband.
C. do the washing up.
D. dig the garden.
5. The passage is mainly about____.
A. the division of husbands, wives and children.
B. how to get on well between husbands and wives.
C. the relationship between husband, wives and children.
D. the relationship between husband and wives today.
【试题答案】
一. 单项选择:
1. C,it在句中做形式宾语。句型为think it +形容词+to do something
2. D,it在句中作为代词指代前面说的film
3. B,it作为代词指代前面He tore up my photo这件事。
4. D,这是一个带有同位语从句的强调句,“这个男孩怀着极大的勇气说出了他偷东西的真相。he had stolen the money.做the truth的同位语从句,用that引导。
5. B,这是一个强调句的变形,强调句变成了特殊疑问句又做find的宾语从句,what是被强调的内容。根据句义:我在努力发现到底是什么阻止了这么多人参加这个项目。
6. C,Nancy很快又要有一个孩子了,她希望这是个男孩。指代baby用代词it
二. 句型转换:
1. It is the children that often help their parents do the farm work.
2. It was In 1993 that a tomato was developed that was very different from any grown before.
3. It is the shortage of arable land that the biggest problem of Chinese farmers is
4. It is high technology as well as traditional methods that future agriculture should depend on.
三. 阅读理解:
A
答案与分析:
1. B 细节判断题,根据第一段However, many gestures have different meanings, or no meaning at all, in different parts of the world.可以得知:许多手势在某些地区要么有着不同的含义要么根本就没有任何意义。
2. B 根据第二段内容可以得知点头在希腊某些地区的含义。
3. A 根据第三段:Today in the USA, when someone puts his thumb up, it means “Everything
知识总结归纳
(一)概述:
主语与谓语的一致:在英语表达中,谓语动词的形式要和主语的人称和数保持一致。主要体现在be动词,助动词do, have 以及一般现在时态中的动词形式。
谓语动词与主语保持一致的基本原则:语法一致,就近一致和意义一致。
名词或代词做主语有人称和单,复数之分,动词的单数就是第三人称单数形式,而动词的复数形式即动词的原形。
例句:
1. I am seventeen, and he is sixteen.
2. There is a desk in the room, but there are no chairs in it.
3. John gets up at six o’clock every morning.
4. What is the latest news about the Olympic Games ?
5. The family are sitting at the breakfast table.
(二)语法一致:
1. 由and连接的两个名词或代词做主语:
(1)这部分主语表示的是两个人或两件不同的事物,谓语动词用复数形式。
例句:
①My brother and I have both seen that film.
②Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China.
③The poet and the novelist were both present at the meeting.
④Reading, writing and arithmetic are called the three R’s.
(2)这部分主语表示具有两个身份或性质的同一个人或一个完整的事物,谓语动词用4. 不定代词anyone, anything, everyone, everything, someone, something, no one, nothing, each the other 等做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
例句:
①Is anybody going to tell him the news ?
②Someone wants to see you.
(三)就近原则
由连词or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, 连接的两个名词或代词做主语时,谓语动词和离它最近的哪个名词或代词的人称和数一致。
例句:
1. Either you or Jean is to be sent to New Zealand.
2. Not only his family but also he likes Chaplin’s movies.
3. Neither Tom nor the Browns enjoy their journey to Beijing owing to the bad weather.
4. George or Tom is wanted.
注意:There be句型中be 的形式由它后面的第一个名词的数决定。
例句:
1. There aren’t any letters in the mail for you today.
2. There is a lamp, two pens and three books on the desk.
3. Here are some envelopes and paper for you.
名词后面带有with, along with, together with, besides, except, but, like, including, as well as, rather than短语共同做主语时,谓语动词与这些短语前面的那个名词的数一致。
例句:
1. All but one were here just now.
2. A library with five thousand books is offered to that nation as a gift.
3. An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work.
4. You as well as I are wrong.
(四)意义一致
1. 代词none, neither, all的不可数形式还是复数形式由它们指的内容决定
例句:
(1)All hope has gone.
(2)All are agreed on this point.
(3)—Is there any milk in the fridge? —No, there is none.
(4)None has returned from the meeting.
2. 集合名词group, class, family, army, enemy, team等名词的单,复数形式根据它们强调的内容而定。
例句:
(1)The class were all cheerful.
(2)The team were taking over some new plays.
(3)The group are reading the newspapers.
(4)The army is going to remain in this town.
(5)The army have rescued the travelers.
3. 限定词短语all of…; none of…; a lot of…; 以及分数/百分数+of ….修饰名词构成的名词
短语做主语时,谓语动词的形式由of 后面的名词形式决定。
例句:
(1)None of these suggestions are very helpful.
(2)I don’t think any of us wants to work tomorrow.
(3)Two-fifths of the students in the class are from Arabic-speaking countries.
难点突破
1. 主谓一致的考查主要体现在单项选择和短文改错两个题型中。同学们在练习和应试时,遇到这样的题时,要牢记主谓一致的三个基本原则。一定要根据句子内容抓住关键的主语部分。同时还要考虑句子的时态和语态。
2. one of +复数名词做定语从句的先行词时,定语从句中的谓语动词与复数名词一致。the only one of +复数名词做定语从句的先行词时,定语从句中的谓语动词用单数形式。
例句:
Jim was one of the boys who were late for class.
Jim was the only one of the boys who was late for class.
【典型例题】
[例1] E-mail, as well as telephones, _____ an important part in daily communication.
A. is playing
B. have played
C. are playing
D. play
分析:带有as well as 短语的名词做主语时,谓语动词与这个名词的人称和数一致,不受as well as 短语内容的影响。E-mail是单数形式,故选择A。
[例2] Either John or his friends _____ to blame for the bad results.
A. are
B. is
C. was
D. has been
分析:either…or..连接两个名词做主语时,其谓语动词与离它最近的名词的数和人称一致,本题中his friends 决定了谓语动词的形式,故选择A。
[例3] The conductor and composer _____ by a crowd of people.
A. are greeted
B. is greeted
C. greets
D. have been greeted
分析:根据句意,主语部分的The conductor and composer 是指一个人即:乐队指挥兼作曲家,所以主语的内容是单数形式,故选择B。
[例4] —The trousers _____ you well, madam.
—But the colour _____ me.
A. fit; don’t suit
B. fits; doesn’t suit
C. fits; don’t suit
D. fit; doesn’t suit
分析:trousers, clothes, glasses,等名词本身就是复数形式。谓语动词用复数形式。Colour 是单数,谓语用单数,故选择D。
[例5] The Smith’s family, which _____ rather a large one, _____ very fond of their old house.
A. were; were
B. was; were
C. were; was
D. was; was
分析:family指“家庭”为单数,指“家庭成员”为复数形式。第一空格前的which 指“家庭”谓语用was. 第二空格后的fond of指“家庭成员喜欢他们的老房子”谓语为were,故选择B。
[例6] He is the only one of the students who _____ a winner of scholarship for three years.
A. is
B. are
C. have been
D. has been
分析:当定语从句先行词是“one of +复数形式”时,其后的从句谓语动词用复数形式。而当one之前有the only时,定语从句则强调the only one,谓语动词用单数。另外,题目中的时间状语for three years表明从句的时态为现在完成时,故选择D。
[例7] Three fifths of the police _____ in the school near the town.
A. has trained
B. have trained
C. has been trained
D. have been trained
分析:分数+名词做主语时,谓语动词的形式由分数所指的名词的形式(可数名词或不可数名词)决定,police 是集合名词为复数形式,根据句子意思,police 与train 为被动关系,应用被动语态,故选择D。
短文改错片段:
1. Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.
分析:本句中主语Now my picture and the prize是复数形式,谓语动词is应改为are. 2. Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class, but after class we become stranger at once.
分析:本句第一行,根据全篇内容的语境,应当是一般现在时,所以谓语动词talked 改为talk.第二行:根据句意:我们下课后立刻又成了陌生人。Stranger应当与主语we一致,改为复数形式,strangers.
3. But not all information are good to society.
分析:主语information是不可数名词,are应改为is
【模拟试题】
1. —Is there anybody in the classroom ?
—No, the teacher, together with the students _____ to the playground.
A. go
B. went
C. has gone
D. have gone
2. —Are these your sheep ?
—No. Mine _____ on grass at the foot of the hill.
A. are feeding
B. feed
C. is fed
D. is feeding
3. Sitting at the back of the room but in front of some old men and women _____ a very shy
girl with two bright eyes.
A. was
B. are
C. were
D. there was
4. Mr. Bush, together with his wife and daughter _____ going to Japan next week.
A. are
B. is
C. will be
D. would be
5. Not the teacher but the students _____ excited.
A. is
B. has
C. are
D. have
6. As I have a meeting at four, ten minutes _____ all that I can spare to talk with you.
A. are
B. was
C. is
D. were
7. _____ of the land in that district _____ covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth; is
B. Two fifths; are
C. Two fifth; are
D. Two fifths; is
高一第一学期英语知识要点及易错点 知识要点: 1、in order to do =in order that (加句子)=so as to (不可以放在句首),意思均为: 为了...;目的是...(目标) 2、alone 与lonely的区别:alone作形容词时,一般只作表语,不做定语;lonely只 能作形容词,不可作副词,它既可作表语也可做定语。作表语时,alone只没有别的人,意为“单独”;lonely指一种心理状态,意为“寂寞的,孤独的”,只因为缺少朋友、同情、友谊是所产生的一种悲伤的和忧郁的感情。(课本) 3、在灯光下,借用灯光线用“by”(目标) 4、especial与special , especially与specially的区别: (1)especial与special都有“特别的”的意思,但有所不同。Especial是“不同于 普通的”“主要的”“突出的”意思;special则是“特殊的”“专门的”的意思, 在美国英语中,一般用special代替especial。 (2)especially和specially的意思差别相当于especial和special(卷子) 语法要点: “直接引语”与“间接引语” 1、概念 (1)时态变化: 现在进行时——过去进行时一般现在时——一般过去时 一般过去时——过去完成时现在完成时——过去完成时 一般将来时——过去将来时过去完成时不变 (2)指示代词,时间状语,地点状语和动词变化: this—that;these—those;now—then;today—that day; yesterday—the day before;tomorrow—the next(following)day;here—there; come —go 2、“直接引语”和“间接引语”的转换 (1)陈述句/感叹句:去掉逗号、引号,用that引导宾语从句 如:He said ,“I am going to Beijing.”——He said that he was going to Beijing. (2)一般疑问句/反义疑问句:去掉逗号和引号,用if/whether接宾语从句,且用陈述语序如:He asked,“Are you a teacher?”——He asked me if/whether I was a teacher. (3)特殊疑问句:去逗号和引号,由原疑问词引导宾语从句,且用陈述语序 如:She said,“What are you doing?”——She asked me what I doing. (4)祈使句:通常改为“ask(want, beg, tell, order)+宾语+动词不定式”的简单句 如:He said,“Please turn on the light .”——He asked me to turn on the light. (5)肯定、否定并立的两个祈使句:一般要用“not...but”并列连词 如:The teacher said,“Do not look out of the window, look at your text books.”——The teacher told his students not to look out of the window but look at their textbooks. 3、时态不变的特殊情况 (1)当直接引语是客观真理时
高一英语知识点总结语法5篇梳理 高一英语语法1 1.becauseof因为……(注意和because的区别) 2.evenif(=eventhoug)即使,用来引导让步状语从句 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/686921608.html,eup走上前来,走近,发生,出现comeupwith追上,赶上,提出 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/686921608.html,municatewithsb和某人交流 5.bedifferentfrom…与……不同 bedifferentin…在……方面不同 Mostofmyprojectsaredifferentinperformance. 我多数作品的演奏风格都不同。 6.bebasedon以……为基础 7.atpresent目前,眼下forthepresent眼前;暂时 8.make(good/better/full)useof 9.thelatter后者theformer前者 10.alargenumberof大量的thenumberof…的数量 11.suchas例如 12.holdon坚持住,握住不放;(打电话时)等—会 13.…youwillhearthedifferenceintheway(that/inwhich)peopl espeak. 你会听出人们在说话时的差异。
14.playarole/part(in)在…中担任角色;在…中起作用;扮演一 个角色 15.thesame…as…与……一样 16.atthetopof…在…顶上 atthebottomof在……底部 17.bringup教养,养育;提出 18.requestsb(not)todosth.要求某人做/不要做某事 19.besatisfiedwith…对……感到满意,满足于 20.suggestv.(request,insist…) 高一英语语法2 过去完成时 1.表示在过去某一时刻以前已经开始并一直延续到这一时刻、或是在此刻前已经完成的动作。 [例句]Bytheendoflastterm,wehadlearned1,000Englishwords. 2.有些动词(如: hope,think,expect,mean,intend,suppose,want等)的过去完成时 可表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图。 [例句]IhadhopedtoseemoreofBeijing. ◆动词时态应注意的几点 1.瞬间性动词的一般现在时和现在进行时常用来表示将来的动作。例句: ①Thefilmbeginsinaminute. ②Myuncleisleavingtomorrowmorning.
高中英语语法(时态和语态) 一.动词的时态 时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态,但是常见的只有九种:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。 (一)一般现在时(do / does) 1.具体用法 1) 表示经常性或习惯性动作 We always care for each other and help each other. 我们总是互相关心互相帮助。 He goes to school every day. 2)表示现在的特征或状态 He is very happy. Do you sing? ----A little. 3)表示普遍真理 Light travels faster than sound. 光速比声速快。 Actions speak louder than words. 行动胜过言语。 * 常与一般现在时态连用的词或短语主要有:often, usually, sometimes, every day, every morning/afternoon, on Sundays/weekends等等。 I often go to the cinema on Sundays. 我经常星期天去看电影。 He goes to work early every day. 他每天上班很早。 (二)一般过去时( did ) (1)表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态,常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。例如: We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film. (2)表示过去习惯性动作。例如: He always went to class last. I used to do my homework in the library. (三)一般将来时( will / shall do) 1)表示将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或状态。例如: I shall graduate next year. 2)一般将来时有时可以表示一种倾向或习惯性动作。如 Crops will die without water. You won’t succeed with out their support. 3) 几种替代形式: *be going to +v在口语中广泛使用,表示准备做或将发生的事情。例如: I'm going to buy a house when we've saved enough money. *be to +v表示计划安排要做的事,具有"必要"的强制性意义。例如: I am to play tennis this afternoon. *be about to +v表示即将发生的事情。例如: He was about to start. *be due to +v表示预先确定了的事,必定发生的事。例如: The train is due to depart in ten minutes. 5)少数动词如:begin, come, leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close等的一般现在时可用来表示将来的动作。(多用来表示按计划事先安排好即将发生的动作,句中通常还有一个表示将来的时间状语)。例如: The meeting begins at seven.
高一英语必修一、二【北师大版】语法汇总 定语从句 1. 定语从句的结构及理解 2. 定语从句的关系词的使用 3. 定语从句的简化表达 知识总结归纳 (一)定语从句的结构:在复合句中,修饰某个名词或代词的句子(做这个名词或代词的定语)叫定语从句,定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面,被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词,它与定语从句之间要有一个词连接,这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词(关系代词或关系副词:that, which, who, whose, when, where, why)。先行词在定语从句中充当主语,宾语,时间,地点,原因状语。 结构:先行词+关系词+定语从句。 1. There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her. 2. In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money. 3. A theme park is a collection of rides, exhibitions or other attractions that are based on a common theme. 4. The park has a conservation center that helps protect marine animals and their habitats in the rivers and coastal waters of Asia. 5. Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie. 6. Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story. (二)定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句: 限定性定语从句:从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明,缺少它,则句义显得不完整,从句与先行词紧密相连。 非限定性定语从句:对先行词进行补充说明,解释,它与先行词之间有逗号隔开。 1. Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar. 2. Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep. 3. Flora, whose beautiful hair and dress were all cold and wet, started crying. 4. Their talk includes rhythm and rhyming words as well as tongue twisters, which often make the audience applaud. (三)关系词前面可以根据定语从句的内容加上一些介词,这些关系词在介词后面常用which 或whom. 1. There was a man with whom I would have to work together and finally the manager of the company. 2. Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark.
高中英语语法复习讲义——动词的时态 一. 概念: 时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式,表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态.英语中的时态是通过动词形式本身的变化来实现的.英语有16种时态,但中学阶段较常用的有十种:一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,过去将来时,现在进行时,过去进行时,将来进行时,过去完成时,英在完成时和现在完成进行时. 二.相关知识点精讲 1.一般现在时的用法 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语:every…,sometimes,at…,on Sunday。例如: I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。 2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。例如: The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。 3) 表示格言或警句。例如: Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。 注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。 4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如: I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。 Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。 比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。 I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。 第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。 2. 一般过去时的用法 1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如:时间状语有:yesterday,last week,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982等。例如: Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了? 2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。例如:
北师大版高一英语语法(必修一-必修四) 必修一 一、一般现在时和现在进行时 1,一般现在时e:反复进行的,经常性的动作(惯例或习惯) Eg, He watches soap operas. 及状态I live in Beijing. 一般现在时常和下列时间状语连用:always, usually, from, time to time, twice a week, rarely,seldom, once a month, never. 2,现在进行时:说话时正在进行的动作(现在,此刻) 一定时间段内经常进行的动作 和现在进行时连用的时间状语有just, now, at the moment, at present. 二、一般将来时:将来的安排和打算 1、be going to表示打算要做的事情。 2、现在进行时表示已经确定或安排好事情。 Eg,I’m getting married in June. 3、一般现在是表示不可改变的官方活动或时间表 The summer term begins on the 15thofFebruary. 三、一般过去时和过去进行时 1,一般过去时:表示过去完成的动作或过去的情境和习惯。 Eg: She climb the stairs and went to her room.
用一般过去时要在规则动词词尾加-ed,或用不规则动词的过去式,一般过去式的疑问句和否定句用did和didn’t加动词原形。 2、过去进行时:过去某段时间正在进行的动作形成某些事件发生的情境动作。 Eg, It was raining during the whole match. 当过去进行时和一般过去时出现在同一个句子中时,过去进行时描述故事发生的背景,儿一般过去时则报道该事件。 Eg,We driving along a country lane when, suddenly a car drove past us. Form:过去进行时的结构是:主语+was /were +动词-ing形式。 Eg,The driver was sitting behind the wheel. 四、现在完成时和一般过去式,现在完成时表示发生在过去的事情对现在依然有明显的影响发生在过去的动作但是不知道动作发生的时间或对动作发生的确切时间不感兴趣。 现在完成时经常和下列时间状语连用: Before, ever, never, already, and , yet.already用于肯定句,yet用于疑问句和否定句。 Venus and Serena have played each other before.(重要的事他们过去进行了比赛,但是何时比赛并不重要—现在完成时) Venus and Serena have played each other in June 1999.(我们知道此事发生的确切时间—一般过去时) 五、被动语态 在下列情况下使用被动语态: 1、不知道耶不需要知道谁做的这件事。
高一英语重点语法总结与归纳 高一英语时态语法知识点:现在进行时 1.表示现在 (说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。 [例句] He is reading a newspaper now. 2.表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作 (说话时动作不一定正在进行)。 [例句] What are you doing these days? 3.表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶等,常与always, constantly, continually等副词连用。 [例句] He is always thinking of others. 4.表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。常限于go, come, leave, start, arrive等表“移动”“方向”的词。 [例句] He is coming to see me next week. 高一英语时态语法知识点:过去进行时 1.表示过去某时正在进行的动作。 [例句] He was sleeping when Mary came to see him. 2.动词go, come, leave, arrive, start等的过去进行时常表过去将来时。[例句] She said she was going to Beijing the day after tomorrow. 高一英语时态语法知识点:一般现在时 1.表示现在习惯或经常反复发生的动作或存在的状态,常与usually, always, sometimes, often, every day / week / month / year等时间状语连用。[例句] He often does his homework in his study.
高一英语下册知识点归纳:语法和词汇知识 高一英语下册知识点归纳:语法和词汇知识 堂4分钟练习 Ⅰ语法和词汇知识 1T pretended ______ it;but in fat,he ne it ver ell Ant t listen t Bnt t hear abut nt t have heard abut Dnt t be listening t 解析:pretend nt t have dne假装没做过某事;pretend t be ding sth 假装正在做某事;pretend t d sth假装做某事。由he ne it ver ell可知,应选项。 答案: 2an peple in hina have never dreaed f ______ a hane fr the t learn t drive after their retireent Abeing Bthere there t be Dthere being 解析:介词后用名词、代词或者动名词,所以there be句型要用there being的形式。 答案:D
3I an’t give sn the leading psitin______,he is t ung;sendl,I ant rSith t have the b AAfter all BFr exaple In the end DT begin ith 解析:after all毕竟,终究;fr exaple例如;in the end最后;t begin ith 首先。根据句意知应选D项。 答案:D 4e ere ver tired and aled ith diffiult,but e gt he ______ Aat all Bafter all abve all Din all 解析:“我们已疲惫不堪,行走艰难,但我们毕竟到家了。” after all此处表示“毕竟”之意。 答案:B He aes abut $1000 ever ee,uh ______ is spent n bs Af hih Bin that ang hih Df it 解析:定语从句补充完整为:uh f the ne is spent n bs,所以用f hih 引导这个定语从句。 答案:A 6Se advertiseents,lie the envirnental prtetin advertiseent ______ t ur nsiene r ur desire t be rth itizens Aadapt Battah
高中英语语法(时态语态篇)练习题精选 ( ) 1. –Where is the morning paper?–I ________ for you at once. A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get ( ) 2. ________ a concert next Saturday? A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are ( ) 3. If they come, we ________ a meeting. A. have B. will have C. had D. would have ( ) 4. If it ________ tomorrow, we’ll go roller-skating. A. isn’t rain B. won’t rain C. doesn’t rain D. doesn’t fine ( ) 5. Tomorrow he ________ a kite in the open air first, and then ______ boating in the park. A. will fly; will go B. will fly; goes C. is going to fly; will goes D. flies; will go ( ) 6. There ________ a birthday party this Sunday. A. shall be B. will be C. shall going to be D. will going to be ( ) 7. They ________ an English evening next Sunday. A. are having B. are going to have C. will having D. is going to have ( ) 8. Sorry, I can’t open the door, for I the key to it. A. lost B. lose C. had lost D. have lost ( ) 9. —It’s good to see you again, Agnes. —This has been our first chance to visit since from Iran. A. you return B. you returned C. you have returned D. returning ( ) 10. — Did you expect Frank to come to the party? — No, but I had hoped . A. him coming B. him to come C. that he comes D. that he would come ( ) 11. — Bob must be very wealthy. — Yes, he more in one day than I do in a week.
高中英语语法知识点总结 一、定语从句与强调句陷阱题详解 1、The factory was built in a secret place, around _________ high mountains、 A、 which was B、 it was C、 which were D、 them were 【陷阱】 容易误选A或B,将 A、B中的 which 和 it 误认为是其后句子的主语。 【分析】 最佳答案是C,around which were high mountains 是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句,而在该从句中,主语是 high mountains,around which 是表语,所以句子谓语应用复数were,而不是用单数 was。请做以下类例题目(答案均为C):(1) Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _________ some fruit shops、 A、 which is B、 it is
C、 which are D、 them are(2) The murder happened in an old building, beside _________ the city police station、 A、 which are B、 it is C、 which is D、 them are(3) Next month we’ll move to a new building, next to _________ a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food、 A、 which are B、 it is C、 which is D、 them are 2、 A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around _________ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?” A、 that B、 which C、 where D、 what
高一英语知识点 重点词组: 1. fond of “ 喜爱,爱好” 接名词、代词或动词de -ing 形式。例如: He’s fond of swimming. 他喜欢游泳。 Are you fond of fresh vegetables. 你喜欢新鲜蔬菜吗 ? He is fond of his research work. 他喜爱他de研究工作。 2. hunt for = look for 寻找 I have found the book I was hunting for. 我找到了那本我在找de书。 hunt for a job 找工作 3. in order to, so as to 这两个词组都可引导不定式作目de状语 , in order to 可放于句首 , so as to 则不能 , 其否定形式为 in order not to / so as not to. 如 : He went to Beijing in order / so as to attend an important meeting. In order to be noticed, he shouted and waved to us. 为了让我们注意他 , 他朝我们又是叫喊又是挥手。 4. care about 1) 喜欢,对…… 有兴趣 = care for She doesn’t care about money. 她不喜欢钱。 2 )关心 = care for She thinks only of herself. She doesn’t care about other people. 她只考虑自己。她不关心别人。 3 )在乎,在意(接从句或不接任何成分) These young people care nothing about what old people might say. 这些年轻人根本不在乎老人说de话。 5. such as 意为“ 诸如……” ,“ 像……” ,是用来列举人或事物de。 She teaches three subjects, such as physics and chemistry. 她教三门科目 , 像物理、化学。 6. drop * a line 留下便条 , 写封短信
北师大版高一英语语法(必修一-必修四) 必修一 一、一般现在时和现在进行时 1,一般现在时e: 反复进行的,经常性的动作(惯例或习惯) Eg, He watches soap operas. 及状态I live in Beijing. 一般现在时常和下列时间状语连用:always, usually, from, time to time, twice a week, rarely, seldom, once a month, never. 2,现在进行时:说话时正在进行的动作(现在,此刻) 一定时间段内经常进行的动作 和现在进行时连用的时间状语有just, now, at the moment, at present. 二、一般将来时:将来的安排和打算 1、be going to 表示打算要做的事情。 2、现在进行时表示已经确定或安排好事情。 Eg, I’m getting married in June. 3、一般现在是表示不可改变的官方活动或时间表 The summer term begins on the 15th of February.
三、一般过去时和过去进行时 1,一般过去时:表示过去完成的动作或过去的情境和习惯。 Eg: She climb the stairs and went to her room. 用一般过去时要在规则动词词尾加-ed,或用不规则动词的过去式,一般过去式的疑问句和否定句用did 和didn’t 加动词原形。 2、过去进行时:过去某段时间正在进行的动作形成某些事件发生的情境动 作。 Eg, It was raining during the whole match. 当过去进行时和一般过去时出现在同一个句子中时,过去进行时描述故事发生的背景,儿一般过去时则报道该事件。 Eg,We driving along a country lane when, suddenly a car drove past us. Form: 过去进行时的结构是:主语+was /were +动词-ing形式。 Eg,The driver was sitting behind the wheel. 四、现在完成时和一般过去式,现在完成时表示发生在过去的事情对现在依然有明显的影响发生在过去的动作但是不知道动作发生的时间或对动作发生的确切时 间不感兴趣。 现在完成时经常和下列时间状语连用:
人教版高一英语语法知识点总结 在学习人教版高一英语课文时,高一的学生应该懂得怎样去总结知识点。下面就是给大家带来的人教版高一英语知识点总结,希望能帮助到大家! 人教版高一英语知识点总结1 【现在进行时】 1. 表示现在(说话瞬间) 正在进行或发生的动作。 [例句] He is reading a newspaper now. 2. 表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作(说话时动作不一定正在进行)。 [例句] What are you doing these days? 3. 表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶等, 常与always, constantly, continually等副词连用。 [例句] He is always thinking of others. 4. 表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。常限于go, come, leave, start, arrive等表“移动”、“方向”的词。
[例句] He is coming to see me next week. 【过去进行时】 1. 表示过去某时正在进行的动作。 [例句] He was sleeping when Mary came to see him. 2. 动词go, come, leave, arrive, start等的过去进行时常表过去将来时。 [例句] She said she was going to Beijing the day after tomorrow. 人教版高一英语知识点总结2 各种时态的被动语态 被动语态概述 被动语态的概念:它是动词的一种形式,表示主语与谓语之间的执行或被执行关系。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者,例如:They saw the little boy crying by the river. 被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者,例如:The little boy was seen crying by the river. 被动语态的构成
一. 1.1)differences between A and B A和B之间的不同 ★★make some/no difference 有一些/没有作用/影响 A is different from B A和B不同 A and B are different in ..A和B在某方面不同differ vi . 不同;有分歧 2)be happy with sth./sb. 对某物/某人感觉愉快/幸福/满意 be happy to do sth. 乐于做某事 3)mean vt. 意味着;有……的意思 ★★★mean doing 意味着…… ★★★mean to do 打算做某事 ★★means n. 方法,手段(单复同形) by this means = in this way 用这种方法 by no means =not at all 决不 by all means 一定,务必,不惜一切地 by means of 通过;用;借助于 4)be prepared for 已为……做好了准备 prepare sb. for sth. 使……有思想准备 prepare sb. to do sth. 为某人做某事做准备 in preparation (for) 在准备中 make preparation s. for 为……做准备 5)encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 encourage sb. (in sth.) 鼓励或支持某人 discourage sb. 使某人泄气 6)more than = over 超过,多于 more than+名词/动词/形容词/从句不仅仅;不只是no more than +数词仅仅 not more than +数词至多,不超过 not more……than 不比……更 no more……than 和……不一样 more……than 与其说是……不如说是…… 7)★turn out to be sb./sth. 结果是…… e.g. But it turn out to be fine. 8)★try to do sth. 努力做某事 ★try doing sth. 是做,尝试干某事 9)attend (on) sb. 照料/看护某人 attend to sb. = take care of 10)win/earn/gain the respect of sb. 赢得某人的尊敬 have a deep respect for sb. 深深敬重某人 respect sb. for doing sth. 因为……而尊敬某人 11)blame sb. for doing sth. 因为……而责备某人 scold sb. for doing sth. 因为……而责骂某人 12)devote oneself to 献身于 devoted adj.
[高一英语语法时态注意事项]英语语法时态总结【导语】高一英语语法时态是高一期末中的重要点,也是高一英语期末考试中的重难点之一,所以我们要做好相应的复习。下面是大网的高一语法时态注意事项,希望对您有所帮助! ◆动词时态应注意的几点 1. 瞬间性动词的一般现在时和现在进行时常用来表示将来的 动作。例句: ①The film begins in a minute. ②My uncle is leaving tomorrow morning. 2. 在时间、条件、让步状语从句中,常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。例句: ①Every time I listen to that song, I’ll think of my old friend. ②If you do that, I shall be very pleased.
③They’ll stand by you even if you don’t sueed. 3. 一般过去时和现在完成时的区别:一般过去时和现在完成时都表示过去所发生的动作,但现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系,如对现在产生的影响、结果等,所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用;一般过去时只表示过去的事实,不表示和现在的关系,因而它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。如: —Have you finished your work? —Yes, I have. —When did you finish it? —I finished it last summer. ◆直接引语与间接引语转换时应注意的几个问题: 1. 人称的变化 2. 时态的变化
3. 时间状语的变化 4. 地点状语的变化 例句: ①Xiao Yi said, “I want to go to the park this afternoon.” →Xiao Yi said (that) he wanted to go to the park that afternoon. ②Bob said, “We’ll have a meeting here tomorrow morning.” →Bob said (that) they would have a meeting there the next morning. ◆定语从句中关系代词只能用that和不能用that的几种情况: 只能用that的情况 1. 先行词是不定代词。
单句语法填空 Unit 1 1.Can you come up ______ a better idea of solving this problem? 2.I’ve decided to switch _____ from the bus to the underground because it is more dependable. 3.I overslept this morning because my alarm clock did not go _______. 4.Tom is working in the factory _______ the moment. 5.She wrote _______ fun for many years before starting to write seriously for a living. 6.There are many students in the park ________ Saturday nights. 7.The plan received strong support _______ farmers. 8.I hope to find a good job in a foreign company after I graduate _______ college. 9.He would rather change his job than work _______ that boss. 10.That big armchair should be taken away because it takes ________ too much space in the small room. 11.It is love that makes the world _______(peace). 12.Several blue boxes under the window were ______(fill) with records. 13.I look forward to _______(see) you again soon. 14.The ideas in the show ’s _______(present) were good, but they didn ’tcome true. 15.The train was very ________(crowed), and we had to stand. Unit 2 1.So long as you make the effort and do you best, the rest of us will help pull _______. 2.The dog was panting because ________ the hot weather. 3.The people united to fight _______ the flood. 4.What subject did you major _______ at university. 5.______ more and more trees cut down, many animals are dying out. 6.He is such a lazy man ________ nobody wants to work with him. 7.It is the third time that he _____(win) first prize in the match. 8.Noise is unpleasant, ________(especial) when you are trying to sleep. 9.He prefers ______(stay) indoors to ______(go) out his afternoon. 10.Film has a much shorter history, especially when _______(compare) to such art forms as music and painting. 11.He died ______(peace) on December 10 th after a short illness. 12.The police used unnecessary ________(violent) against the crowd. 13.There were a lot of _______ (injury) and deaths in that accident. 14._______(personal), I think he is a very good man. But you may not agree. 15.We all know that learning without thinking is _______(use). Unit 3 membership right 1. If you want to be a member of the club, you should apply _______ the now.