动词不定式(The Infinitive)
Unit1 Infinitive(动词不定式)
Teaching aims
1 .Knowledge Aim: The Infinitive
2. Ability Aims: Enable Ss to use the Infinitive correctly.
3. Learning ability: Teach Ss how to use the Infinitive correctly.
Teaching important points: The Infinitive
Teaching difficult points: Using the Infinitive correctly in different situations.
Teaching methods Task-based learning instructions practice
Teaching aids: Multi-media classroom and other normal teaching tools
Teaching Procedures
I. 不定式在句中的功能
做主语:
那样做是很幼稚的. To act like that is childish.
为避免句子出现“头重脚轻”现象,常用it做形式主语,将真正主语的不定式后置.
要学好英语不是那么容易的。It is not easy to learn English well.
(2) 做宾语
她喜欢谈论这件事情。She loves to talk about the matter.
他希望不久能找到工作.He hopes to find a job soon.
常接不定式做宾语的动词有：afford, agree, aim, arrange, ask, attempt, begin, bother, care, choose, continue, dare, decide, demand, expect, fail, hate, hope, learn, long, manage, mean, need, offer, plan, prefer, prepare, promise, prove, refuse, want, wish等
<1>.不定式有时和连接代/副词一起构成宾语.
Do you remember which way to get there?
下一步干什么你决定了吗?
Have you decided what to do next?
我来问他怎么样开这机器.
I’ll ask him how to operate the machine.
<2>有时不定式由whether引起.
I didn’t know whether to laugh or cry about it.
<3>feel, find, judge, make, think, believe, consider 等动词后如果是不定式做宾语,补语是形容词(间或是名词),常用it作形式宾语,把不定式后移.
I find it difficult to work with him.
3.做宾语补足语:
常带to的不定式做宾语补足语的动词有: ask, beg, prefer, help, promise, wish, want, expect, permit, request, allow, command, tell ,invite, cause, encourage, warn, advise, persuade, force, order, remind, teach, 等.
Father will not allow us to play on the street.
My brother asked me to clean the room with him.
后接不带to的不定式做宾语补足语的动词有: let, hear, have , make ,see, observe, feel, watch, notice 等.
The policeman saw a child play in the street.
A child was seen to play in the street by the policeman.
4.做表语
不定式可用作表语,说明主语的具体内容.
My work is to clean the room every day.
我的梦想是成为一名医生.His dream is to be a doctor.
5.做定语
不定式放在被修饰的名词、代词后面，往往表示未发生的动作。
I have a lot of work to do.
She is the first student to come to school.
6.做状语
(1) 做目的状语，常用的结构：to do ; in order to do, so as to do, so/ such…as to do, etc.
I come here to say good-bye to you.
(2) 做结果状语：常与副词only , enough 或too连用。
He studied hard only to fail the exam.
He is old enough to go to school.
不定式做原因状语：一般用在句尾
I’m glad to see y ou.
She wept to see the sight.
III. 不定式的否定结构：
不定式的否定结构多由：“not +不定式”构成，否定副词not, never, seldom, hardly 等要置于to前。
请告诉你的小孩不要在街上玩耍.Please tell your child not to play in the street.
她检查名字为了不犯错误.She checked the names so as not to make mistakes.
IV. 不定式的时态：
（1）一般时表示的动作，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后。
He seems to know this.他似乎知道这事。
I hope to see you again. 我希望再见到你。
（2）完成时表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
很抱歉给了你这么多麻烦。
I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble.
(3) 一般进行时表示的动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
他好象正在吃什么东西。
He seems to be eating something.
（4）完成进行时表示的动作从过去开始并延续至说话的时候。
据说她研究这问题有好多年了。
She is said to have been working on the problem for many years.
StepⅣPractice
1. She reached the top of the hill and stopped______ on a big rock by the side of the path.
to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest
2. We’re planning ______ a party next week.
A. to have
B. have
C. having
D. had
3. ---Which do you prefer ____ your weekends, fishing or watching TV?
---- Neither.
Spending B. to spend C. being spent D. spend
4. Did you find out _____ the pie out of the oven?
A. When to take
B. to take
C. have taken
D. being taken
5._____ get a complete picture, further information is needed.
In order that B. In order to C. Being D. To have
6. It’ s necessary ____ so me English grammar.
A. for students to learn
B. for students learning
C. of students to learn
D.of students learning
7. I ought to ____ him the news, but I forgot to do so.
A. remember to tell
B. remember telling
C. have remembered to tell
D. have remembered telling
8. I ____ you the exciting news, but you were not at home.
Meant telling B. meant to telling C. Meant to having told D. meant to tell
Practice 1-5CABAB 6-8 ACD
高考链接
1.I don’t want ____ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair. (2005 天津)
A. To sound
B. to be sounded
C. Sounding
D. to have sounded
解析: want 后接不定式;sound 是系动词,没有被动式;句中没有强调完成的时间状语或含义.
2.It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just ____ a look at the sports star.(2005 上海)
A. had
B. having
C. to have
D. have
解析: 不定式to have 在此做目的状语.
3. ---Is Bob still performing?
---- I’m afraid not. He is said _____ the stage already as he has become an official. (2005 江苏) A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left
解析:主语he与leave是主动关系,句中出现了already, to have left表示该动作发生在主语谓语is said 之前.
4. ---Can the project he finished as planned?
----Sure,______ it completed in time, we’ll wor k two more hours a day. (2005福建)
having got B. to get C. getting D. get
解析: 每天加班两个小时的目的是使工程及时完工,只有不定式表目的.
The Infinitive（动词不定式）
动词不定式是高考的必考语法项目，考查内容复杂，在复习备考中要重视
【基础过关】（1）不定式作表语与“be + to do sth.”的异同。不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质。
His job is to guard.(说明内容)
be + to do sth.(表示按计划要做的事)
（2）带不定式作宾语的词语
下列词语常不定式作宾语：afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire等
下列动词后可接疑问词+不定式：teach、decide、wonder、show、learn、forget、ask、find、out、advise、discuss等
（3）如何理解和使用不定式作宾补
①动词see、watch、notice、hear、listen to、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、have 等的宾补用动词原形，变被动时要加to,此时的不定式就是主语补足语
②常用带不定式作宾补的几种情况：
主语+ ask / require / tell / order / force / get / want / like + sb.to do sth.
③主语+ think / judge / suppose / believe / consider /imagine/
consider / feel + sb. + to be/ to have done
④主语+ call on / upon / depend on / wait for / ask for + sb.+ to do sth.
（4）不定式作定语的特殊用法
①下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance、wish、right、courage、need、promise、time、opportunity、way、the first、the second、the last、the only等
②不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。
There is no one to look after her.
③不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系
She is now looking for a room to live in.
（5）不定式作状语的用法
不定式作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示行为目的、结果、原因。only to do表示出人意料的结果
We hurried to the classroom only to find none there .
in order(not)to,so as(not)to用来引导目的状语,enough,too, so… as to do, such + 名词… as to do 作结果状语，如:The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus.
I’m not such a fool as to believe that.
（6）不定式的完成时的特殊用法
①表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作
The novel was said to have been published.
I regret to have been with you for so many years.
seem、appear、be said、be supposed、be believed、be thought、be known、be reported等动词常用于上面句型
此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时，但要注意与一般时的区别
I’m sorry to keep you waiting for a minute.对不起，请稍等（说话时还未等）
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.对不起，让你久等了（说话时已等了很久）
②不定式的完成时还可表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气
（A）should like to / would like to / would love to + 不定式的完成时。（B）was / were to + 不定式的完成时，表示该做某事或想做但未实现。（C）expect / hope / mean / promise / suppose / think / want/ wish + 不定式完成时，表示过去未曾实现的愿望。
（7）不定式的省略
①同一结构并列由and或or连接。
I want to finish my homework and go home.
I’m really puzzled what to think or say.
特例：To be or not to be, this is a question.
He is better to laugh than to cry.(表示对比)
②不定式作表语，其前面的主语从句中含有do时，后面的to省略。
What he did was lose the game.
③句中含有动词do时，but、except、besides、such as等后面to可省略。即“前有do,后省to”
Don’t do anything silly, such as marry him.
④主句含有不定式，后面有rather than, rather than后省to。
⑤Why not、had better、would rather、can’t but等词后省to。如：
He could not but walk home.
（8）不定式的替代。
多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中，为了避免重复，作宾语或主补，宾补的不定式再次出现时，to后的内容常承前省略（只保留to即可）。但如果承前省略的不定式有助动用的have 或be任何形式，后应该保留原形be或have如：
Susan is not what she used to be.
—You came late last night. You ought to have finished your
homework.
—I know I ought to have.
常见的有：I’d like / love / be happy to.
【拓展延伸】动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别：
begin, start, continue, like, love, dislike, hate, prefer, can’t stand
时，后面只跟不定式
多接不定式
1. __________such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.
A. Having suffered
B. Suffering
C. To suffer
D. Suffered
2. One learns a language by making mistakes and _______ them
A. correct
B. correcting
C. corrects D .to correct
3. The picture _________ on the wall is painted by my nephew
A. having hung
B. hanging
C. hangs
D. being hung
4. Don’t forget _________ the letter .
A. to send
B. send
C. sending
D. being sent
5. The chair looks very old, but in fact it is very comfortable to _________ .
A. sit
B. sit on
C. be sat
D. be sat on
6. Is ______ necessary to return the book tomorrow ?
A. this
B. that
C. it
D. which
7. I’m afraid they w ould not allow him ________ here .
A. to smoke
B. smoking
C. smokes
D. smoke
8. Mother told me ________ the water before I drank it .
A. boiling
B. boiled
C. boil
D. to boil
9. On my way home, I stopped _______ some food .
A. buy
B. to buy
C. buying
D. bought
10. John was made _______ the car for a week as a punishment .
A. to wash
B. washing
C. wash
D. to be washing
11. The sitting-room needs _______ , but it’ll have to wait until Saturday .
A. be cleaning
B. to be cleaned
C. clean
D. being cleaned
参考答案1.A 2.B 3.B 4.A5.B 6.C 7.A 8.D 9.B 10.A11.B
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高中动词不定式用法讲解及练习
Grammar Presentation---动词不定式 一、不定式的句法功能 ●不定式作主语 ?To learn a foreign language is not easy.学习外语不是一件容易的事。 ◎不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语来代替它的位置，而将真正的主语（不定式短语）移到谓语之后 ?It’s a great honor to be invited to Mary’s birthday party.很荣幸被邀请参加玛丽的生日聚会。 ●不定式作宾语 ◎作动词宾语 ◇下列动词常接不定式作宾语，如：agree, arrange, ask, beg, choose, dare, decide, demand,expect, fail, fear, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, ?They hope to find new resources for mankind.他们希望为人类找到新资源。 ◇如果不定式作宾语且有自己的补语，常用“it”作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在后面。 下列动词常用it作形式宾语，如：believe, consider, feel, find, know, make ?I know it impossible to finish so much homework in one day. 我知道在一天中完成这么多的作业是不可能的。 ●不定式作表语 ◎不定式作表语时，一般紧跟在系动词后，说明主语的内容 ?The first step is to check the victim’s breathing. 第一步是检查受害人的呼吸。 ●不定式作补语 ?I’d like the problem to be discussed at the next meeting.我希望这个问题在下一次会上讨论。 ●不定式作定语 ?The students have a lot of homework to do every day.学生们每天都有很多家庭作业要做。 ●不定式作状语 不定式可以作原因状语、结果状语、目的状语以及方式状语 不定式在下列句式中作目的状语：so as to do, in order to do ?In order to ensure your hair looks its best, pay attention to what you eat. 为了保证你的头发是最佳状态，请注意你的饮食。 二：不定式考点归纳： 考点1：不定式的时态和语态： 1.---Is Bob still performing? ---I’m afraid not. He is said ____the stage already as he has become an official. A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left 2.The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ____ the film stars had left. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told 1．A. 根据句子的意思“据说他已经离开了舞台”，要用不定式的完成式的主动形式。2．B. 用动词的不定式的被动形式表示结果状语。 考点2：不定式的功能：不定式具有名词的特征，可以作主语或宾语（例5），具有形容词的特征，可以作表语、定语或补足语（例4）；具有副词的特征，在句子中可以作状语（例3）。
动词不定式的基本用法
动词不定式的基本用法 一、概述 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，它能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，在句子中作主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。其形式如下：（主动形式） ◆一般式（not）to do 一般现在时表示的动词有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。 He seems to know this. 我希望再见到你。_____________________________________________________ ◆完成式（not）to have done 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 He seems to have caught a cold. 很抱歉给你带来这么多的麻烦。____________________________________________ ◆进行式（not）to be doing 进行时：表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。 He seems to be eating something. 他假装在学习。_______________________________________________________________ 二、动词不定式的语法功能 （一）作宾语 1) 动词+ 不定式 The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。 我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。 ____________________________________________________________________ ★常用的动词有afford, aim, appear, agree, arrange, ask, decide, bother, care, choose, come, dare, demand, desire, determine, expect, hope, fail, happen, help, learn, long（渴望）, mean, manage, offer, ought, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, wish… 2）动词+疑问词+ to Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。
动词不定式的用法荟萃
动词不定式的用法荟萃 不定式在句子中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补语。 1)不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。 【例如】 To complete the 30storied building in one year was quite a difficult task. To do that implies taking responsibility. 当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到 谓语的后面。 【例如】 It is important for modern young people to master at least two foreign languages. It做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中： a) It is＋形容词(easy, important, difficult, foolish,
inconvenient, unnecessary, right, wrong...)＋( for/of sb.)＋ 不定式 【例如】 It is essential to reserve a table in advance of Christmas Eve. hard to put my hopessintoswords. It is not easy to catch fish with your hands only. It is important for us young people to learn English and master it. b) It is＋名词(a pleasure, a pity, a pleasant thing, one’s du ty, an honor, a shame, a crime, no easy job...) ＋不定式 It is a sheer waste of time to read that kind of trash. It is a pity to have to go without her. It is a glorious death to die for the people.
动词不定式用法讲解
动词不定式用法讲解 1、构成及特征 动词不定式(infinitive)是动词的一种非限定形式，即非谓语动词形式，它有两种形式：一种是“to + 动词原形”构成（to- infinitive）；另一种是不带to的不定式,即动词原形(bare- infinitive)。所有行为动词都有不定式形式，其否定式是在不定式前加not。动词不定式（或不定式短语）没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍保留有动词的特点：（1）可以有时式和语态的变化，也可以有自己的宾语或状语，它们一起构成了不定式短语。He tried to work out the problem in five minutes.他试图在五分钟之内算出这道题。（带宾语和状语） The factory to be built here next year is a car factory.明年在这里建的工厂是一家汽车制造厂。（有语态的变化） （2）动词不定式还具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语、状语等成分。 He wants to study English.他想学英语。（to study English在句中作want的宾语，而to study又有自己的宾语English, to study和English一起构成了不定式短语。）Never to offend anyone is his principle.不得罪人是他的原则。（不定式作主语） 注意：不定式在许多场合具有情态意义。作主语时，相当于一个带有情态动词的主语从句；作宾语时，相当于一个带有情态动词的宾语从句；作定语时，相当于一个带有情态动词的定语从句；作目的状语时，相当于so that 或in order that引导的目的状语从句。 It is right for her to say so.(= It is right that she should say so.)她这样说是对的。 He has a lot of work to do.(=…that he should do)他有很多工作要做。 I don’t know where to get the ticket.(= …where I could get the ticket.)我不知道哪
动词不定式用法及练习题-L105
动词不定式用法小结 动词不定式用法小结 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to＋动词原形”，其中to不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。 一. 作主语例如： To be a doctor is hard. 做医生很难。 To learn English well is not easy.学好英语不容易。 动词不定式（短语）作主语时，为了避免句子的头重脚轻，可以用“it”作形式主语，而把真正的主语－－动词不定式（短语）放在句子的后部。例如上面的句子可以表示为： It is hard to be a doctor. It is not easy to learn English well. 再如： It’s important to plant trees in spring. 如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的，可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介词for引导的短语，称为不定式的复合结构。例： It’s g ood for us to read English aloud in the morning. 对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的。 It is important for students to use English every day. 对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的。 二. 作表语： 动词不定式（短语）作表语常用于系词be的后面。例： His work is to drive a car.他的工作是开车。 My job is to feed animals.我的工作是饲养动物。 Her ambition is to be a doctor.她的理想是当医生。 三. 作宾语 动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin,start,
考研语法深度分析(三)动词不定式
语法深度分析：动词不定式短语讲解 文章来源：跨考教育 1.动词不定式短语的结构： 动词不定式短语的主干是由 to + 动词原形构成，动词不定式短语内部的动词可以跟自己的宾语、状语、表语等成分。动词不定式短语整体上在句中起名词，形容词和副词的作用，可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。 2.动词不定式短语在句子中的作用 （1）动词不定式短语做主语： To master a language is not an easy thing. 掌握一门语言不是一件容易的事情。 It's my pleasure to help you. 帮助你是我的乐趣。 动词不定式做主语时可以放在后面，而用 it 作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。 It's necessary to find the witness. 有必要找到目击者。 （2）动词不定式短语作宾语： I like to help others as much as possible. 如果有可能的话，我喜欢帮助别人。 动词不定式短语作宾语补语：表示不定式的动作是由宾语发出。 We expect you to be with us. 我们希望你和我们在一起。 （3）动词+宾语+不带to的不定式作宾语补足语：感官动词：see, watch, notice, look at，hear；使役动词：make, let, have(使得)，help(可带to, 也可不带to) The teacher has his students write a composition every other week. 老师让同学们每隔一周写一篇作文。 Many things【make people think artists are weird】. 很多事情使人们觉得艺术家们很奇怪。 （5）动词不定式短语作表语： The most urgent thing is to take legal measures immediately.当务之急是马上采取法律措施。 （6）动词不定式短语作定语： There are many ways to solve the problem. 有许多方法能解决这个问题。 （7）动词不定式短语作状语：经常表示目的。
非谓语动词之动词不定式(todo)的用法
非谓语动词之动词不定式（to do）的用法 非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要形式有：不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。 “to do”动词不定式的变形 动词不定式的用法 充当主语（一般会用it 当形式主语） To swim here is dangerous. = It is dangerous to swim here. To pass this English exam is unlikely. = 充当表语（多数情况下，可以转换成动词不定式做主语） My job is to help with your English learning. To help with your English learning is my job. 充当宾语（只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不做介词的宾语；有时用“it”做形式宾语） I decided to attend this meeting last night. I find it necessary to learn a foreign language. 注意：当以下动词欲接动词作宾语时，只能跟不定式作宾语。 decide, determine, learn, wish, hope agree, plan, pretend, dare, refuse, fail prepare, try, manage, help, promise offer, beg, demand, afford, arrange, be supposed
充当宾语补足语 I persuaded him to make a speech in public. 注意：在感官动词／使役动词／help后（see, hear, watch, notice, make, have, let后不定式做宾补时，可省略“to”） I saw them have a disagreement on who should sweep the floor. （我看到了他们争论的整个过程） 但，感官动词后面也可接Ving形式，表示正在进行。 I saw them arguing about who should sweep the floor. （我看到他们正在争论谁该扫地，并不一定看到了整个过程） 充当状语（目的，原因，结果状语，其逻辑主语与句子主语一致） I wrote him a letter to further explain this matter. （目的状语） I’m sorry to bother you.（原因状语） He queued for hours at the box office only to find that the show was sold out. （结果状语，only + to find/realize/discover表示出乎意料的结果） 充当定语（不定式作定语，要放在所修饰的词的后面） I have a lot of dishes to wash. Do you have anything to say There are 3 questions to answer. 一些固定句型中不定式省略“to” had better would rather do… than do… why not do “except/but” 有“do” 无“to”，有”to”无“do” have nothing to do but do… do everything but/except have no choice but to want nothing but/except to 当两个或多个作用相同的不定式并列（and/or/than）时，通常只保留第一个不定式的“to”. He told me to stay there and wait for him. It’s easier to persuade people than force them. To try and fail is better than not to try at all. （否定式中“to”不能省略）
动词不定式的用法
动词不定式的用法 概念： 动词不定式由to+动词原形构成。这里的to 是不定式标志，没有词义。不定式具有名词、 形容词或副词的某些语法功能，又有动词的 时态和语态的特点及作用。可以做主语、宾 语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语。 一、作主语动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语 动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种： (1) 把不定式置于句首。如： To get there by bike will take us half an hour. (2) 用it 作形式主语，把真正的主语不定 式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如：
① It + be + 名词+ to do It's our duty to take good care of the old. ② It takes sb+some time+to do How long did it take you to finish the work? ③ It + be + 形谷词+ b + to do It is difficult for us to finish for swriting the composition in a quarter of an hour. 在句型③中，常用表示客观情况的形容词, 如： easy, difficult, hard, possible, impossible, necessary, better; the first, the next, too much, too little, not enough ④ It + be +形容词+ of sb + to do It is stupid of you to write down everything the teachersays. 在句型④中，常用 careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,la zy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise rude, clever, important, comfortable, the last, the best
(完整版)动词不定式的用法总结
动词不定式的用法总结 动词不定式在中学英语中应用非常广泛，一方面在句中可起名词、形容词或副词的作用，同时也可在句中作主语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。接下来为大家提供了以下：动词不定式的用法总结一 动词不定式的形式一般是to +动词原形，但to有时要省去。 而动词不定式在具体运用时用不用to，取决于谓语动词的用法。 现就以下几方面介绍如下。 一、不定式结构 1. 带to的不定式结构 能直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有：want, ask, tell, hope, learn, try, decide, forget, remember, like, love, stop, go, come等。 如： I want to go to the movies with you. 我想跟你一起去看电影。 Don’t forget to turn off the light before you leave. 在你离开之前别忘了关灯。 注意：动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not，即not to do sth.。
如： Dave told me not to wake up Kate. 大卫告诉我别叫醒凯特。 2. 不带to的不定式结构 以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式： (1)在固定词组had better之后。 注意：had better的否定形式是had better not do sth.。 如： You had better go home now. 你最好现在回家。 It’s cold outside. You’d better not go out. 外面很冷，你最好不要出去。 (2)在let, make, see, feel, watch, hear等感官或使役动词后，要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。 如： I made them give me the money back. 我迫使他们把钱还给我。 I didn’t see you come in. 我没看见你进来。 (3)在引导疑问句的why not之后。 Why not+不带to的不定式是Why don’t you do的省
不定式的句法功能归纳
不定式的句法功能归纳 非谓语动词之不定式 非谓语动词及可以做的句法成分一览表: 动词不定式复心中应注意的几个问题 不定式虽然不能做谓语，但保留着动词的特征，可带有自己的宾语和状语，从而形成不定式短语。不定式短语具有名词、形容词及副词的性质，可做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、同位语、定语及状语等句子成分。 一、做主语 (1)英语中，不定式短语可放在句首充当句子的主语。如： To learn English well is very important. 学好英语很重要。 (2)但为了使句子平衡，常用it做形式主语放在句首，而将真正的主语——不定式放到句末，特别是在疑问句及感叹句中必须采用这种方式。如： It is very important to learn English well. 学好英语很重要。 Is it necessary to bring an umbrella today? 今天带雨伞有必要吗？ (3)不定式做主语时，不能有单独的名词或代词做逻辑主语，而应用for sb. /of sb. 做它的逻辑主语，当不定式表示对逻辑主语的利害关系时，用for sb；当不定式用来对逻辑主语表示赞美或责备时，用of sb。如： It is not good for your eye to read in the sun. 在阳光下看对你的眼睛不好。 It is very kind of you to help us. 你来帮助我们，真是太好了。 二、做宾语 (1)在英语中，不定式可用来做宾语。如： He agrees to go with us. 他同意跟我们一起去。 I want to buy a Chinese-English dictionary. 我想买一本汉英词典。 (2)不定式做宾语时须注意： A.不定式并不是可做任何及物动词的宾语。能接不定式做宾语的动词有：afford, agree, arrange, ask, attempt, begin, care, choose, continue, dare, decide, desire, demand, determine, elect, expect, fail, hate, hesitate, hope, intend, know, learn, like, long, love, manage, mean, need, offer, plan, prepare, promise, pretend, prefer, refuse, require, start, try, wait, want, wish, wonder. 如：
动词不定式用法
动词不定式用法 不定式是动词的一种非限定式，它是不受主语的单复数、人称、时态、语态等的限定及影响的一种动词形式。 一、动词不定式的基本结构 动词不定式的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可不带to。不定式的否定形式是：not to+动词原形。在句中除不能作谓语外，其他成分都可作。如：主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。 注意：不定式之前的to（又称为小品词）与介词to的功能不同。介词to之后要接名词或代词的宾格，或相当于名词的短语作它的宾语；而不定式符号to的后面需要跟动词原形。 speak to him (to 是介词) 对他讲话 to speak English (to 是不定式的小品词) 讲英语 二、动词不定式的用法 不定式在句中有各种作用，一般可归类为三种基本用法：作名词，作形容词，作副词。 (一) 不定式作名词的用法 不定式起名词作用，在句子中担当主语、表语、宾语和宾语补足语。 ⒈作主语
名词用法的不定式和名词一样，可担任句子的主语。 To grow more trees here is very important. (=It is very important to grow more trees here.) 在这里多种些树是非常重要的。 To hear your voice is so nice. (=It is so nice to hear your voice.) 听到你的声音真高兴。 To speak English well is not easy for me. (=It is not easy for me to speak English.) 把英语说好对我来说并不容易。 To walk to school takes me twenty minutes. (=It takes me twenty minutes to walk to school.) 步行到学校我要花20分钟。 注意：在It is… to…‖的句型中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式；使用这种结构，可以避免句子的头重脚轻。通常不定式被视为第三人称单数，所以动词用is或was。 It is bad for your eyes to read in the sun. 在阳光下看书对你的眼睛有害。 另外，不定式作主语的句子，同时有另外一个不定式作表语时，不能转换成―It is… to…‖的句型。 To see is to believe. (百闻不如一见。) 不能转换为：It is to believe to see. 2.作表语
初中英语语法专项：动词不定式用法(附练习答案)
动词不定式用法 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另外，动词不定式具有动词特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，组成动词不定式短语。动词不定式的肯定形式是to＋do；其否定形式是not to＋do。 下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予以详细说明。 一．作主语 可以直接作主语。如：To see is to believe． 但在英语中，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如： It's wrong to play tricks on other people． It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy． 点击规律：动词不定式在句中作主语时，常放在It is ＋adj +(for sb.)＋(not)to do sth句型中，表示说话人对客观事件的决断，意为：做…..是……的，it仅作形式主语，真正的主语是to do sth It is very interesting to read.读书是有趣的 It is useful to read.看书是有用的 It is healthy to run every day.每天跑步是健康的 It is a little difficulty for me to work out this question.解出这道题对我来说有点难 It is bad not to finish homework.不完成作业是糟糕的
It is bad to be late for school.迟到是糟糕的 It is+adj+of sb +(not)to do sth该句型通常表示说话人对客观事件的惊讶、兴奋、懊悔、难过等感叹情绪，与It is ＋adj +(for sb.)＋(not)to do sth的意义不同。 It is very kind of you to tell me the truth．你能告诉我事实，真是太好了It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing．他做那件傻事，真是太笨了It is very clever of you to work out this question. 你能解出这道题目，真是太聪明了 It is very wise of you to read this novel. 你看这本小说，真是太明智了这个句型中用介词of而不是for的原因是这里的形容词是用来形容人的品质性格的。 类似的词有：careless，careful，clever，considerate，foolish，good，impolite，kind，naughty，nice，silly，stupid，friendly 因此区分是用It is ＋adj +(for sb.)＋(not)to do sth还是It is+adj+of sb +(not)to do sth，要清楚adj修饰的是sb还是to do sth 例如：It is nice for me to have breakfast with you（nice是指have breakfast with you这件事）对于我来说，能和你一起吃早餐真好。 It is nice of you to help him with his English.（nice是指you，形容人的品质）你帮他补习英语，真是太好了。 二．作宾语 A．want，decide ，agree，afford，agree，aim，appear，ask，believe，care，claim，decide ，demand，desire，determine，expect，